# Burunga
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{{short description|Province of Burundi}}
{{For|the locality in Panama|Burunga, Panama}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Burunga
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| settlement_type = [Province](/source/Provinces_of_Burundi)
| image_skyline = Nkayamba, La Magie de la Nature à Votre Portée.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Rumonge, the largest town in Burunga
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| image_map = Burunga in Burundi.svg
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| map_caption = Location of Burunga in Burundi
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| coordinates = {{coord|4|S|30|E|display=inline,title|region:BI_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki}}
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|Burundi}}
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| established_title = Inaugurated
| established_date = 2025
| founder =
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = [Makamba](/source/Makamba%2C_Burundi)
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party = [CNDD-FDD](/source/CNDD-FDD)
| leader_title = Governor
| leader_name = [Parfait Mboninyibuka](/source/Parfait_Mboninyibuka)
| area_footnotes = [{{cite web |last=Brinkhoff |first=Thomas |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/burundi/admin/ |title=Burundi: Administrative Division |website=City Population |date=7 June 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}]
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| area_total_km2 = 6206
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| population_total = 2118551
| population_as_of = 2024 census
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| timezone1 = [CAT](/source/Central_Africa_Time)
| utc_offset1 = +2
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}}
'''Burunga''' is the largest of [Burundi](/source/Burundi)'s five [provinces](/source/provinces_of_Burundi) by area. It covers an area of {{convert|6206|km2}} and recorded a population of 2,118,551 in the 2024 Burundian census.][ The province's capital is [Makamba](/source/Makamba%2C_Burundi),][{{cite web |last=Brinkhoff |first=Thomas |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/burundi/cities/ |title=Burundi |website=City Population |date=8 June 2025 |access-date=27 July 2025}}]
==Geography==
[[File:La chute de karera nyakayi 1 à Rutana.jpg|thumb|One of the cascades at [Karera Falls](/source/Karera_waterfalls).]]
Located in southern Burundi, Burunga borders [Lake Tanganyika](/source/Lake_Tanganyika) to the west, the Burundian provinces of [Bujumbura](/source/Bujumbura_Province), [Gitega](/source/Gitega_Province) and [Buhumuza](/source/Buhumuza) to the northwest, north and northeast respectively, and [Tanzania](/source/Tanzania)'s [Kigoma Region](/source/Kigoma_Region) to the east and south. The Kibimbi and Inanzerwe massifs on the [Bututsi](/source/Natural_regions_of_Burundi) plateau in the centre of the province divide the [Imbo](/source/Natural_regions_of_Burundi) plain along Lake Tanganyika and [Mumirwa](/source/Mumirwa_natural_region) foothills from the [Moso](/source/Natural_regions_of_Burundi) and [Buragane](/source/Natural_regions_of_Burundi) lowlands to the east.[{{cite report |last1=Nduwayezu |first1=Gérard |last2=Fofo |first2=Alphonse |last3=Masabo |first3=Onesphore |last4=Bukuru |first4=Désiré |last5=Ahishakiye |first5=Jérôme |last6=Nindorera |first6=Damien |date=1 January 2023 |title=Paysages Protégées de Kibimbi-Inanzerwe: Etude d’identification |language=fr |url=https://bi.chm-cbd.net/sites/bi/files/2024-04/etud-identif-ppki-bis.pdf |page=4 |publisher=Office Burundais pour la Protection de l’Environnement |location=Gitega |access-date=27 July 2025}}]
Burunga contains five of Burundi's [six nature reserves](/source/List_of_protected_areas_of_Burundi): [Bururi Forest Nature Reserve](/source/Bururi_Forest_Nature_Reserve), [Malagarazi Nature Reserve](/source/Malagarazi_Nature_Reserve), [Kigwena Nature Reserve](/source/Kigwena_Nature_Reserve), [Rumonge Nature Reserve](/source/Rumonge_Nature_Reserve), and [Vyanda Forest Nature Reserve](/source/Vyanda_Forest_Nature_Reserve).[{{cite web |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/BDI |title=Burundi |website=[World Database on Protected Areas](/source/World_Database_on_Protected_Areas) |publisher=Protected Planet |access-date=27 July 2025}}] The Makamba Protected Landscapes are also located in the province.[{{cite map |last=Tuyisenge |first=Cedric |date=16 January 2023 |title=Location map of Makamba Protected Landscapes |url=https://bi.chm-cbd.net/sites/bi/files/2023-01/cart-paysag-proteg-makamba_0.pdf |publisher=Conservation et Communauté de Changement (3C) |website=Biodiversité du Burundi |access-date=27 July 2025}}] Three sites in Burunga are on Burundi's list of Tentative [World Heritage Site](/source/World_Heritage_Site)s: [Karera Falls](/source/Karera_waterfalls) and Nyakazu Gorge (also known as German Gorge[{{cite book |last1=Bradt |first1=Hilary |authorlink=Hilary Bradt |edition=3rd |year=1989 |title=Backpacker's Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/backpackersafric0000brad |publisher=[Bradt Travel Guides](/source/Bradt_Travel_Guides) |page=137 |isbn=0-946983-20-8 |access-date=July 3, 2025}}]) in the commune of Musongati, and the southernmost [source of the Nile](/source/source_of_the_Nile) at Gasumo on [Mount Kikizi](/source/Mount_Kikizi) in the commune of Bururi.[{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/bi/ |title=Burundi |website=[World Heritage Convention](/source/World_Heritage_Convention) |publisher=[UNESCO World Heritage Centre](/source/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre) |access-date=27 July 2025}}]
==History==
On 16 March 2023, [President of Burundi](/source/President_of_Burundi) [Évariste Ndayishimiye](/source/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye) signed into law a reorganization of Burundi's administrative divisions,[{{cite web |last=Ndayishimiye |first=Évariste |author-link=Évariste Ndayishimiye |date=16 March 2023 |title= Loi Organique N° 1/05 du 16 Mars 2023 portant détermination et délimitation des provinces, des communes, des zones, des collines et/ou quartiers de la République du Burundi |language=fr |url=https://www.ceniburundi.bi/loi-organique-n-1-05-du-16-mars-2023-portant-determination-et-delimitation-des-provinces-des-communes-des-zones-des-collines-et-ou-quartiers-de-la-republique-du-burundi |access-date=27 July 2025 |publisher=CENI Burundi}}] which included the reduction of Burundi's provinces from eighteen to five.[{{cite web |url=https://www.senat.bi/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/PROJET-DE-LOI-ORGANIQUE-PORTANT-DELIM-DES-PROVINCES-DE-1-A-50.pdf |title= Projet de loi organique portant délimitation des provinces, des communes, des zones, des collines/quartiers de la République du Burundi |access-date=27 July 2025 |publisher=[Senate of Burundi](/source/Senate_of_Burundi)}}] Burunga was created from the former provinces of [Bururi](/source/Bururi_Province), [Makamba](/source/Makamba_Province) and [Rutana](/source/Rutana_Province), the [communes](/source/Communes_of_Burundi) of [Burambi](/source/Commune_of_Burambi), [Buyengero](/source/Commune_of_Buyengero) and [Rumonge](/source/Rumonge) formerly part of [Rumonge Province](/source/Rumonge_Province), and the zone of Mahwa formerly part of the [commune of Ryansoro](/source/commune_of_Ryansoro) in [Gitega Province](/source/Gitega_Province).[{{Cite web |date=4 July 2025 |title=Senate approves Five New Provincial Governors After Major Administrative Reform |url=https://breakingburundi.com/burundi-senate-approves-five-new-provincial-governors-after-major-administrative-reform/ |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=Breaking Burundi}}][{{Cite web |last=Manirakiza |first=Patrick |date=6 July 2025 |title=Burundi’s new Governors sworn in following major provincial reforms |url=https://www.burunditimes.com/burundis-new-governors-sworn-in-following-major-provincial-reforms/ |access-date=27 July 2025 |website=Burundi Times}}]
Burunga is named after a region of southern Burundi described in the [Nkoma cycle](/source/Kingdom_of_Burundi) of Burundian oral tradition as being conquered by [Ntare Rushatsi](/source/Ntare_I) on his way to founding the [kingdom of Burundi](/source/kingdom_of_Burundi).[{{cite book |editor-last1=Guillet |editor-first1=Claude |editor-last2=Ndayishinguje |editor-first2=Pascal |year=1987 |title=Légendes historiques du Burundi |language=fr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6AZqpZuBMq4C&pg=PA48 |publisher=[Éditions Karthala](/source/%C3%89ditions_Karthala) |pages=26,48 |issn=0290-6600 |access-date=July 3, 2025}}] Historically this part of Burundi has been a zone of commercial exchange between the central plateau and the Imbo and Moso lowlands.[{{cite journal |language=fr |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.1535 |journal=Les Cahiers d'Afrique de l'Est / The East African Review |volume=56 |year=2021 |last=Iriho |first=Clovis |title=Le travail ouvrier au Burundi : identité et conditions socio-économiques des ouvriers de l’usine sucrière de la SOSUMO}}]
==Communes==
Burunga is divided into seven communes: [Bururi](/source/Commune_of_Bururi), [Makamba](/source/Commune_of_Makamba), [Matana](/source/Commune_of_Matana), [Musongati](/source/Commune_of_Musongati), [Nyanza](/source/Commune_of_Nyanza-Lac), [Rumonge](/source/Commune_of_Rumonge), and [Rutana](/source/Commune_of_Rutana).