# Bulletinen

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{{Short description|Norwegian underground newspaper}}
{{Use dmy dates |date=June 2023}}
{{italic title}}
'''''Bulletinen''''' ("The Bulletin") was an [underground newspaper](/source/Underground_media_in_German-occupied_Europe) in [Norway during](/source/occupation_of_Norway_by_Nazi_Germany) [World War II](/source/World_War_II). Its first issue came in November 1940, and the publication continued until the end of the war. The name ''Bulletinen'' was adapted in November 1944.<ref name=kl>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Halvorsen |encyclopedia=[Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45](/source/Norsk_krigsleksikon_1940-45) |title=Bulletinen |language=Norwegian |first=Terje |editor=Dahl |editor-link=Hans Fredrik Dahl |editor2=Hjeltnes |editor2-link=Guri Hjeltnes |editor3=Nøkleby |editor3-link=Berit Nøkleby |editor4=Ringdal |editor4-link=Nils Johan Ringdal |editor5=Sørensen |editor5-link=Øystein Sørensen |url=http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/b/b5.html#bulletinen |accessdate=4 September 2009 |year=1995 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |isbn=82-02-14138-9 |pages=56–57 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104063939/http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/b/b5.html#bulletinen |archivedate=4 January 2010 }}</ref> It was edited by central persons of the [civil resistance](/source/civil_resistance) in Norway, such as members of "Koordinasjonskomiteen" and "[Kretsen](/source/Kretsen)" [Jan Birger Jansen](/source/Jan_Birger_Jansen) and [Tore Gjelsvik](/source/Tore_Gjelsvik).<ref name=kl/>

==Publishing history==
The periodical was started as a link between organizations connected to the so-called ''R-Group'', after an initiative from later prime minister [Einar Gerhardsen](/source/Einar_Gerhardsen).<ref name=kd-86>{{cite book |title=Krigens Dagbok |chapter=Bulletinen, offisiell, men illegal avis |language=Norwegian |editor=Voksø, Per |editor-link=Per Voksø |year=1984 |publisher=Det Beste |location=Oslo |isbn=82-7010-166-4 |page=86 }}</ref> Responsible for the bi-weekly bulletin was the propaganda group, headed by [Christian A. R. Christensen](/source/Christian_A._R._Christensen), and the first editors were [Olav Larssen](/source/Olav_Larssen) and [Olaf Solumsmoen](/source/Olaf_Solumsmoen).<ref name=tg-25>{{cite book |last=Gjelsvik |first=Tore |author-link=Tore Gjelsvik |title=Hjemmefronten. Den sivile motstand under okkupasjonen 1940-1945 |chapter=''Norsk Front'' &mdash; R-gruppen |language=Norwegian |year=1977 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |pages=25–28 }}</ref> The first issue was published 18 November 1940.<ref name=kd-86/> When Solumsmoen and Larssen were arrested in January 1942,<ref name=gf-2751>{{cite encyclopedia |title=2751. Larsen, Olav |encyclopedia=[Norsk Fangeleksikon. Grinifangene](/source/Norsk_Fangeleksikon._Grinifangene) |language=Norwegian |editor=Giertsen, Børre R. |year=1946 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |page=102}}</ref><ref name=gf-2756>{{cite encyclopedia |title=2756. Solumsmoen, Olaf |encyclopedia=[Norsk Fangeleksikon. Grinifangene](/source/Norsk_Fangeleksikon._Grinifangene) |language=Norwegian |editor=Giertsen, Børre R. |year=1946 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |page=103}}</ref> sports leaders [Asbjørn Halvorsen](/source/Asbj%C3%B8rn_Halvorsen) and Gunnar Hansen took over as editors. Halvorsen and Hansen were arrested in August 1942,<ref name=gf-4058>{{cite encyclopedia |title=4058. Halvorsen, Asbjørn |encyclopedia=[Norsk Fangeleksikon. Grinifangene](/source/Norsk_Fangeleksikon._Grinifangene) |language=Norwegian |editor=Giertsen, Børre R. |year=1946 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |page=148 }}</ref><ref name=gf-4084>{{cite encyclopedia |title=4084. Hansen, Gunnar |encyclopedia=[Norsk Fangeleksikon. Grinifangene](/source/Norsk_Fangeleksikon._Grinifangene) |language=Norwegian |editor=Giertsen, Børre R. |year=1946 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |page=149 }}</ref>  and [Jan Birger Jansen](/source/Jan_Birger_Jansen) took over as the sole editor, only informing other resistance members that he had contacts to the editorial staff, while in fact he was the single responsible editor himself.<ref name=kd-423>{{cite book |title=Krigens Dagbok |chapter=Vaktskifte i ''Bulletinen'' |language=Norwegian |editor=Voksø, Per |year=1984 |publisher=Det Beste |location=Oslo |isbn=82-7010-166-4 |page=423 }}</ref><ref name=tg-183>{{cite book |last=Gjelsvik |first=Tore |title=Hjemmefronten. Den sivile motstand under okkupasjonen 1940-1945 |chapter=Redaksjonsskifte i Bulletinen |language=Norwegian |year=1977 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |pages=183–184 }}</ref> In February 1944 the German occupants unraveled several underground newspapers, such as ''[London-Nytt](/source/London-Nytt)'', ''London Radio'', ''Svart på hvitt'', ''Vårt Land'' and ''Fri Fagbevegelse'', which all had to cease publication. Among the newspapers which had distributed informations and paroles from the civil leadership of the resistance movement, only ''Bulletinen'' was intact after the press collapse.<ref name=kl/><ref name=kd-400>{{cite book |title=Krigens Dagbok |chapter=Det store pressekrakket |language=Norwegian |editor=Voksø, Per |year=1984 |publisher=Det Beste |location=Oslo |isbn=82-7010-166-4 |page=400 }}</ref> In May 1944 Jansen had to flee to Sweden, and asked [Tore Gjelsvik](/source/Tore_Gjelsvik) to take over. Jansen and Gjelsvik had cooperated since 1940, then at the distribution side. Gjelsvik was rather busy with other resistance work, and asked Christian A. R. Christensen and Tore Sund to join as editors.<ref name=tg-183/>

A total of about 150 issues of ''Bulletinen'' were produced during the war. The publication had limited circulation, as it was primarily aimed to distribute news, comments and paroles to other underground newspapers.<ref name=kl/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

Category:Defunct newspapers published in Norway
Category:Newspapers established in 1940
Category:Publications disestablished in 1945
Category:Norwegian resistance movement
Category:1940 establishments in Norway
Category:1945 disestablishments in Norway
Category:Norwegian-language newspapers

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bulletinen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletinen) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletinen?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.