# Bruniales

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**Bruniales** is an [order](/source/Order_(biology)) of [flowering plants](/source/Flowering_plant), included in the [asterid](/source/Asterid) group of [eudicots](/source/Eudicots). Under the [APG IV system](/source/APG_IV_system) of flowering plant classification the order consists of two families:[2] [Bruniaceae](/source/Bruniaceae), which are shrubs native to [South Africa](/source/South_Africa), and [Columelliaceae](/source/Columelliaceae), which are trees and shrubs native to Central and South America.

## Taxonomy

Bruniales was not recognized as an order until 2008 when a study suggested that [Bruniaceae](/source/Bruniaceae) and [Columelliaceae](/source/Columelliaceae) were sister clades.[3] In 2009, the [APG III system](/source/APG_III_system) placed both families as the only members of the order Bruniales, which is a sister order to the [Apiales](/source/Apiales).[1] Before this, both families were placed in the [Lamiales](/source/Lamiales).[4]

The APG III phylogenetic tree for the asterids is:

## References

1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **161** (2): 105–121. [doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x). [hdl:10654/18083](https://hdl.handle.net/10654/18083)

1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **181** (1): 1–20. [doi:10.1111/boj.12385](https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385)

1. Winkworth, Richard C.; Lundberg, Johannes; Donoghue, Michael J. (2008). "Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales". *Taxon*. **57** (1): 53–65. [Bibcode:2008Taxon..57...53W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Taxon..57...53W). [doi:10.2307/25065948](https://doi.org/10.2307/25065948). [JSTOR 25065948](https://www.jstor.org/stable/25065948)

1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **141** (4): 399–436. [doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x](https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x)

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