# Bruneck
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{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Bruneck
| official_name = Stadtgemeinde Bruneck
Città di Brunico
| native_name =
| image_skyline = I-Bruneck 008.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| image_alt =
| image_caption = June 2018 view over Bruneck
| image_shield = CoA civ ITA brunico.png
| shield_alt =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|46|48|N|11|56|E|type:city|display=inline,title}}
| region = [Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol](/source/Trentino-Alto_Adige%2FS%C3%BCdtirol)
| province = [South Tyrol](/source/South_Tyrol) (BZ)
| frazioni = Aufhofen (Villa Santa Caterina), Dietenheim (Teodone), Luns (Lunes), Reischach (Riscone), Stegen (Stegona), St. Georgen (San Giorgio)
| mayor_party = SVP
| mayor = Bruno Wolf
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 45
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 16716
| population_as_of = Dec 2018
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = {{langx|de|links=no|Brunecker}}
{{langx|it|links=no|brunicensi}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 838
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| saint =
| day =
| postal_code = 39031
| area_code = 0474
| website = {{official website|http://www.gemeinde.bruneck.bz.it}}
}}
'''Bruneck''' ({{IPA|de-AT|ˈbrʊnɛk|lang|De-Bruneck.ogg}};[{{cite book|editor1-last=Kleiner|editor1-first=Stefan|editor2-last=Knöbel|editor2-first=Ralf|title=Duden: Das Aussprachewörterbuch|language=de|publisher=[Duden](/source/Duden)verlag|location=Berlin|edition=7|date=2015|page=253|isbn=978-3-411-04067-4}}] {{langx|it|Brunico}}, {{IPA|it|bruˈniːko|pron}} {{IPA|it|ˈbruːniko|label=or}}; {{langx|lld|Bornech}} {{IPA|lld|borˈnek|}} or {{lang|lld|Burnech}} {{IPA|lld|burˈnek|}}; {{langx|la|Brunecium}} or {{lang|la|Brunopolis}}) is the largest city in the [Puster Valley](/source/Puster_Valley) in the [Italian](/source/Italy) province of [South Tyrol](/source/South_Tyrol).
==Geography==
thumb|left|View of Bruneck Castle and old town
Bruneck rises up in the middle of a wide valley (perhaps an ancient lake basin) and lies at the confluence of the [Ahr](/source/Ahr_(South_Tyrol)) with the [Rienz](/source/Rienz), which itself flows into the [Eisack](/source/Eisack) river. Here the northern [Tauferer Ahrntal](/source/Tauferer_Ahrntal) side valley and the southern [Val Badia](/source/Val_Badia) of the [Gran Ega](/source/Gran_Ega) creek join the broad Pustertal. Bruneck wide valley, located between the two straits of [Kiens](/source/Kiens) downstream and [Percha](/source/Percha) upstream, delimited to the South by the circular elevation of [Kronplatz](/source/Kronplatz) and opened to the North in the Tauferer Tal (Val di Tures), owes its conformation and extent to the action of glaciers and, subsequently, to the erosive action of the waters.[{{cite journal |date=December 2024 |title=Ergebnisse Sprachgruppenzählung 2024/Risultati Censimento linguistico 2024 |journal=astat info |issue=56 |publisher=Provincial Statistics Institute of the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol|url=https://astat.provinz.bz.it/de/aktuelles-publikationen-info.asp?news_action=300&news_image_id=1160209 |access-date=2024-12-09 }}]
==History==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2014}}
The wide valley where today the city of Bruneck rises up was initially uninhabited until it was occupied by the [Romans](/source/Roman_people); the local populations, because of the danger of flooding of the river Rienz, used to live on the sides of the valley or in the neighbouring hills. The valley floor was soon to be populated since the Puster Valley was the main arterial road used to connect Northern Italy to the Danube area of Europe. In 1091, following the passage of the Pustrissa [countship](/source/countship) from [Henry IV](/source/Henry_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor) to the [Bishop](/source/Bishop) of Brixen Altvino, the episcopal administration was established in the village of St. Caterina. Nearby the small village of Ragen rose up as well as some [farmsteads](/source/farmsteads), which, after a donation from the noblewoman Svainilde, around 1000, became part of the possessions of the Brixen bishops.[{{Cite journal|last=Paolo|first=Rovati|date=1983|title=Brunico, una piccola città della media valle della Rienza|url=http://hdl.handle.net/11393/37202|journal=Annali di Ricerche e Studi di Geografia|volume=1-4|hdl=11393/37202}}]
thumb|left|Bruneck Castle
The town was probably named after its founder, the [Brixen](/source/Bishopric_of_Brixen) prince-bishop Bruno von Kirchberg, and first appeared as ''Bruneke'' in a deed issued on 23 February 1256. At that time, the town consisted of two rows of houses forming a narrow lane. During the turbulent times of the ''[interregnum](/source/interregnum)'' upon the death of the [Hohenstaufen](/source/House_of_Hohenstaufen) emperor [Frederick II](/source/Frederick_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor) in 1250, the prince-bishop had a fortress erected above the town, which was first mentioned in 1276. The castle was significantly enlarged under Prince-Bishop Albert von Enn, who also had the town walls and moat completed until 1336.
thumb|right|Church of the Assumption of Mary
Soon thereafter, further rows of houses were built outside the eastern gate. These led to the small Church of Our Lady (today's Church of the Assumption of Mary). The first church inside the town walls (at first only a small chapel) was built beneath the castle by the Brunecker [burgher](/source/Bourgeoisie) Niklas von Stuck. This church is today the ''Rainkirche''. In 1358, [Heinrich von Stuck](/source/Heinrich_von_Stuck), brother of Niklas, brother, funded the [hospital](/source/hospital)/[almshouse](/source/almshouse) that was built in the following years. Soon the town received the right to hold a weekly market and impose [high justice](/source/high%2C_middle_and_low_justice). A castle leader occupied the fortress as the bishop's representative.
In the 14th and 15th centuries, there was brisk trade between [Augsburg](/source/Augsburg) and [Venice](/source/Venice). Some of the traded goods were brought through the Puster Valley and often stored long-term in Bruneck on the Ballplatz. This soon brought the town prosperity and fame. In this time, the Puster Valley painting school was founded by the painter Hans von Bruneck and others. The great masters [Michael and Friedrich Pacher](/source/Michael_Pacher) studied at this school. In 1500, the [Puster Valley](/source/Puster_Valley) was reunited with [Tyrol](/source/County_of_Tyrol) because of a testamentary contract between the house of [Habsburg](/source/Habsburg) and the [counts of Görz](/source/House_of_Gorizia). The town of Bruneck remained an episcopal possession.
In 1610, Bruneck, which had previously belonged to the parish of [St. Lorenzen](/source/St._Lorenzen), became a parish in its own right. The first parish priest documented was Johann Herlin in 1613. In 1626, the [Capuchin order](/source/Capuchin_order) came to Bruneck. The Fathers built themselves a [monastery](/source/monastery) at the "Spitalangerle", which still exists today. On 11 April 1723, the worst fire in the town's history occurred. In 1741, a [convent](/source/convent) was built by the [Ursulines](/source/Ursulines). In Oberragen, not far from the church, a fire broke out, which soon spread by the strong east wind across a large part of the town, mostly destroying it. During the long-lasting [Napoleonic Wars](/source/Napoleonic_Wars) the town suffered no material damage, but as a marching station went into great debt because of housing and feeding soldiers and infantrymen for many years.
After World War I, South Tyrol and so also Bruneck became part of the Italian State, getting the Italian name. The city was spared damage in [World War I](/source/World_War_I), but in [World War II](/source/World_War_II) the town was bombed, leading to loss of both life and property.
===Coat of arms===
The emblem is a tower with a sloping roof, on an embattled wall with the silver gate lifted. The [gules](/source/gules) tower and the wall are placed on a [vert](/source/Vert_(heraldry)) hill with three peaks: the castle was built by Bishop ''Bruno von Kirchberg'' in the second half of the 13th century. The castle appeared on the coat of arms for the first time in the second half of the 15th century. The emblem was adopted in 1931.[[http://www.ngw.nl/int/ita/b/bruneck.htm Heraldry of the World: Bruneck] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801083234/http://www.ngw.nl/int/ita/b/bruneck.htm |date=2012-08-01 }}, ngw.nl; accessed 12 December 2014.]
==Climate==
Due to its high elevation, with a mean height of around 830 metres above sea level, the town of Bruneck has a [warm-summer humid continental](/source/warm-summer_humid_continental) climate ([Köppen](/source/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification): "''Dfb''"), with warm summers and chilly winters in Italian standards. Its [alpine](/source/Alpine_climate) geography heavily contributes to its weather, as it brings large diurnal temperature variations.
{{Weather box
|single line= yes
|metric first=yes
|location= Brunico, Italy
|Jan high C=1.3
|Feb high C=4.1
|Mar high C=9
|Apr high C=13.8
|May high C=18.2
|Jun high C=21.8
|Jul high C=24.1
|Aug high C=22.7
|Sep high C=20.2
|Oct high C=13.6
|Nov high C=7
|Dec high C=2.6
|year high C=
|Jan mean C=-3.2
|Feb mean C=-1.0
|Mar mean C= 3.5
|Apr mean C= 7.9
|May mean C= 12.1
|Jun mean C= 15.5
|Jul mean C= 17.5
|Aug mean C= 16.6
|Sep mean C= 14.1
|Oct mean C= 8.3
|Nov mean C= 2.8
|Dec mean C= -1.5
|Jan low C=-7.8
|Feb low C=-6.2
|Mar low C=-2.0
|Apr low C=2.1
|May low C=6.1
|Jun low C=9.3
|Jul low C=11.0
|Aug low C=10.6
|Sep low C=8.0
|Oct low C=3.0
|Nov low C=-1.3
|Dec low C=-5.5
|year low C=
|precipitation colour= green
|Jan precipitation cm= |Jan precipitation mm=129.4
|Feb precipitation cm= |Feb precipitation mm=174.7
|Mar precipitation cm= |Mar precipitation mm=191.3
|Apr precipitation cm= |Apr precipitation mm=52.9
|May precipitation cm= |May precipitation mm=64.8
|Jun precipitation cm= |Jun precipitation mm=102.1
|Jul precipitation cm= |Jul precipitation mm=131.7
|Aug precipitation cm= |Aug precipitation mm=100.0
|Sep precipitation cm= |Sep precipitation mm=72.3
|Oct precipitation cm= |Oct precipitation mm=69.9
|Nov precipitation cm= |Nov precipitation mm=57.6
|Dec precipitation cm= |Dec precipitation mm=125.9
|year precipitation cm= |year precipitation mm=
|Jan precipitation days=6
|Feb precipitation days=6
|Mar precipitation days=8
|Apr precipitation days=11
|May precipitation days=13
|Jun precipitation days=16
|Jul precipitation days=14
|Aug precipitation days=14
|Sep precipitation days=10
|Oct precipitation days=9
|Nov precipitation days=8
|Dec precipitation days=7
|year precipitation days=
|source 1= World Weather Online[{{Cite web |url= http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Brunico-weather-averages/Trentino-Alto-Adige/IT.aspx|title= Brunico, Italy Weather Averages|publisher= World Weather Online|access-date=July 1, 2012 }}]
}}
==Economy==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2014}}
After the war, industrial zones, workshops, and department stores were built, permitting the town considerable economic and geographic growth. In the 1960s, tourism was especially important to the town, resulting in the building of numerous new hotels and guest houses.
Bruneck is characterized by the [manufacturing](/source/manufacturing) and [service industries](/source/Tertiary_sector_of_industry). Important tourist centers are found all around Bruneck. Especially worthy of mention is the ski resort on [Kronplatz](/source/Kronplatz) mountain. As of 22 October 2001, the day of the Italian population and employment census, Bruneck had 10,692 employed people in 1,678 workplaces, making it the second-largest employer of the province. It lay only just after Brixen (Bressanone), which on census day employed 239 fewer people. Five companies in the town employ more than 250 people each, and five more companies employ more than 100 people each.
===Tourism===
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2014}}
All year round many famous markets and festivals take place here. For example, the popular Stegener Market at the end of October, the largest market in Tyrol.
==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}
===Twin towns – Sister cities===
Bruneck is [twinned](/source/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities) with:
{|class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [Brignoles](/source/Brignoles), France
*{{flagicon|GER}} [Groß-Gerau](/source/Gro%C3%9F-Gerau), Germany
||
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [Tielt](/source/Tielt), Belgium
*{{flagicon|POL}} [Szamotuły](/source/Szamotu%C5%82y), Poland
|}
==Sports==
The locality is home to [HC Pustertal Wölfe](/source/HC_Pustertal_W%C3%B6lfe), a professional [ice hockey](/source/ice_hockey) team currently playing in the [ICE Hockey League](/source/ICE_Hockey_League).
==Notable people==
140px|thumb|Nanni Moretti (2011)
* [Michael Pacher](/source/Michael_Pacher) (c. 1435–1498) a painter and sculptor
* [Albert Knoll](/source/Albert_Knoll) (1796–1863) an Austrian Capuchin dogmatic theologian.[{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Albert (Joseph) Knoll |volume= 8 |last= Donovan |first= Stephen |short=1}}]
* [Alfred Amonn](/source/Alfred_Amonn) (1883–1962) economist
* Jiří Potůček (1919–1942) member of the [Resistance](/source/Resistance_in_German-occupied_Czechoslovakia) in [German-occupied Czechoslovakia](/source/German_occupation_of_Czechoslovakia), born to [Czech](/source/Czechs) parents in Bruneck, who soon moved back to [Bohemia](/source/Bohemia)[[Czech Wiki, Jiří Potůček](/source/%3Acs%3AJi%C5%99%C3%AD_Pot%C5%AF%C4%8Dek)]
* [Karl Baumgartner](/source/Karl_Baumgartner) (1949–2014) film producer[ [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0062362/ IMDb Database] retrieved 21 June 2019 ]
* [Norbert Pallua](/source/Norbert_Pallua) (born 1952) plastic surgeon
* [Greti Schmid](/source/Greti_Schmid) (born 1954) former Austrian politician
* [Nanni Moretti](/source/Nanni_Moretti) (born 1953) film director, producer, screenwriter and actor[ [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0604335/ IMDb Database] retrieved 20 June 2019 ]
* [Markus Lanz](/source/Markus_Lanz) (born 1969) TV presenter and producer in Germany
140px|thumb|Dorothea Wierer (2018)
;Sport
* [Norbert Huber](/source/Norbert_Huber) (born 1964) luger, competed in four Winter Olympics, won silver in 1994 and bronze in 1992
* [Kurt Brugger](/source/Kurt_Brugger) (born 1969) luger and coach; gold medallist at the [1994 Winter Olympics](/source/1994_Winter_Olympics), competed in four Winter Olympics
* [Dagmar Mair unter der Eggen](/source/Dagmar_Mair_unter_der_Eggen) (born 1974) snowboarder, competed at the [1998 Winter Olympics](/source/1998_Winter_Olympics)
* [Manfred Reichegger](/source/Manfred_Reichegger) (born 1977) ski mountaineer, sky runner and mountain runner
* [Christof Innerhofer](/source/Christof_Innerhofer) (born 1984) World Cup alpine ski racer, world champion in super-G
* [Karin Knapp](/source/Karin_Knapp) (born 1987) retired tennis player
* [Dominik Windisch](/source/Dominik_Windisch) (born 1989) biathlete, bronze medallist in the [2014](/source/2014_Winter_Olympics) and [2018 Winter Olympics](/source/2018_Winter_Olympics)
* [Lukas Hofer](/source/Lukas_Hofer) (born 1989) biathlete, bronze medallist in the [2014](/source/2014_Winter_Olympics) and [2018 Winter Olympics](/source/2018_Winter_Olympics)
* [Dorothea Wierer](/source/Dorothea_Wierer) (born 1990) biathlete, bronze medallist at the [2014 Winter Olympics](/source/2014_Winter_Olympics)
==Gallery==
File:BruneckFuZone.jpg|Via Centrale - pedestrian area
File:Bruneck castle.jpg|Bruneck castle
File:Bruneck castle - courtyard.jpg|Bruneck castle – courtyard
File:Bruneck, Ursulinentor von Südwesten, 2.jpeg|''Ursulinen''-Gate seen from southwest
File:Bruneck, Passeggiata Tielt IMG 1267 2019-08-04 20.02.jpg|The river Rienz
File:BruneckFriedh.jpg|Bruneck Cemetery
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commonscat-inline|Bruneck}}
* {{in lang|de|it}} [http://www.gemeinde.bruneck.bz.it/ Homepage of the municipality]
{{South Tyrol}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Bruneck
Category:Municipalities of South Tyrol
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bruneck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruneck) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruneck?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.