# Bronze (racial classification)

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Racial classification

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**Bronze race** ([Spanish](/source/Spanish_language): *raza de bronce*) is a term used since the early 20th century by [Hispanic American](/source/Hispanic_America) writers of the *[indigenista](/source/Indigenismo)* and *[americanista](/source/Americanismo)* schools to refer to the [mestizo](/source/Mestizo) population that arose in the [Americas](/source/Americas) with the arrival of [Latin European](/source/Romance-speaking_Europe) (particularly [Spanish](/source/Spanish_people)) settlers and their intermingling with the [New World](/source/New_World)'s [Amerindian](/source/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) peoples.

[Mexican](/source/Mexico) poet [Amado Nervo](/source/Amado_Nervo) wrote "La Raza de Bronce" ("The [Bronze](/source/Bronze_(color)) Race") as an [elegiac poem](/source/Elegiac) in honor of former president [Benito Juárez](/source/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez) in 1902. [Bolivian](/source/Bolivia) *indigenista* writer [Alcides Arguedas](/source/Alcides_Arguedas) used the term in his 1919 work, *La Raza de Bronce*,[1] a study of the natives of the [Andean Altiplano](/source/Altiplano). It was later used by Mexican luminary [José Vasconcelos](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Vasconcelos) in *La Raza Cósmica* (1925).

The term was revived in the 1960s by [Chicano](/source/Chicano) ethnic group [MEChA](/source/MEChA) to refer to [Mexican Americans](/source/Mexican_Americans) in the [United States](/source/United_States) and the people in Mexico as a unified "race", similar to the black and white races. In this sense it is largely synonymous to the notion of the Chicano nation. The decision to call it a separate "race" may have been influenced by the contemporary negative views of "ethnic" or "nation" based nationalism and positive views of "race" based nationalism. The notion was first enunciated in the [Plan Espiritual de Aztlán](/source/Plan_Espiritual_de_Aztl%C3%A1n) document.

## See also

- [Brown (racial classification)](/source/Brown_(racial_classification))

- [La raza cósmica](/source/La_raza_c%C3%B3smica)

- [Melting pot](/source/Melting_pot) (as metaphor for cultural fusion)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Arguedas, Alcides (2006). [*Raza de bronce*](https://books.google.com/books?id=fw91kqETl4EC&q=%22raza+de+bronce%22) (in Spanish). Fundacion Biblioteca Ayacuch. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-980-276-428-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-980-276-428-0).

v t e Chicano and Mexican American topics Terms Chicano Indigenismo Mexican American La Raza Cholo Pachuco Pinto Blaxican Xicanx Californio (California) Tejano (Texas) Neomexicano (New Mexico) Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bracero program Korean War La Matanza Lynching Mexican Repatriation Operation Wetback Plan de San Diego Porvenir Massacre Sleepy Lagoon trial Zoot Suit Riots Chicano Movement Aztlán Católicos por La Raza Centro de Arte Público Chicanismo Chicana feminism Chicano Blowouts Chicano Moratorium Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts PCUN Plan Espiritual de Aztlán Plan de Santa Bárbara Farm workers' rights campaign Land grant struggle Colegio César Chávez Los Siete de la Raza Los Seis de Boulder Occupation of Catalina Island Post-Chicano Movement Aztlán 1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike 1992 Drywall Strike 2019 El Paso Walmart shooting Abolish ICE Arizona SB 1070 Castro 2020 DACA Great American Boycott IRCA Justice for Janitors Killing of Adam Toledo Murder of Selena Party crews Proposition 187 Xicanx Culture Anti-Mexican sentiment Caló Chicano art Chicano cinema Chicano literature Chicano names Chicano poetry Chicano Park Chicano rock Chicano rap Cinco de Mayo Estrada Courts murals Lowrider Mexican-American cuisine Mexican-American folklore Mexican-American women's fashion Mexican muralism New Mexican cuisine New Mexico music Paño Regional Mexican Skull art Teatro Campesino Tejano music Tex-Mex cuisine Tortilla art Zoot suit Chicana/o Theory Barrioization Coyolxauhqui imperative Gringo justice Nepantla New tribalism Rasquachismo Spiritual activism Vergüenza Youth control complex Supreme Court cases Botiller v. Dominguez Hernandez v. Texas San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce Plyler v. Doe Medellín v. Texas Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. Leal Garcia v. Texas Mendez v. Westminster Bernal v. Fainter DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. By city and region Arizona Tucson California (Californios • Los Angeles • San Francisco • San Diego) Colorado Illinois (Chicago) Kansas Maryland (Baltimore) Michigan (Detroit) Nebraska (Omaha) New Mexico New York (New York City) Pennsylvania Philadelphia Texas Dallas–Fort Worth Houston Tejanos Utah Lists Chicano films Chicano poets U.S. communities with Hispanic majority Mexican Americans Writers List of Hispanic and Latino Americans Bibliography List of Mexican-American communities List of Mexican-American political organizations List of Chicano and Mexican monuments and memorials in California Category:Chicano Category:American people of Mexican descent

v t e Obsolete definitions of race Racism Scientific racism Pseudoscience Color terminology Black Bronze Brown Olive Red White Concepts Australoid Caucasoid Alpine Arabid Armenoid Aryan Atlantid Caspian Dinaric East Baltic Ethiopid Hamites Indid Iranid Mediterranean Nordic Semites Turanid Malay Mongoloid Proto-Mongoloid Sinodonty and Sundadonty Negroid Negrito Sociological in India Passing Racial discrimination Racism Racial stereotypes Colorism Master race Nazism and race Racial hygiene Whiteness studies Négritude Writers Louis Agassiz John Baker Erwin Baur John Beddoe Robert Bennett Bean François Bernier Renato Biasutti Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Franz Boas Daniel Garrison Brinton Paul Broca Alice Mossie Brues Halfdan Bryn Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon Charles Caldwell Petrus Camper Samuel A. Cartwright Houston Stewart Chamberlain Sonia Mary Cole Carleton S. Coon Georges Cuvier Jan Czekanowski Charles Davenport Joseph Deniker Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt Anténor Firmin Eugen Fischer Francis Galton Stanley Marion Garn Reginald Ruggles Gates George Gliddon Arthur de Gobineau Madison Grant John Grattan Hans F. K. Günther Ernst Haeckel Frederick Ludwig Hoffman Earnest Hooton Julian Huxley Thomas Henry Huxley Calvin Ira Kephart Robert Knox Robert E. Kuttner Georges Vacher de Lapouge Fritz Lenz Carl Linnaeus Cesare Lombroso Bertil Lundman Felix von Luschan Dominick McCausland John Mitchell Ashley Montagu Lewis H. Morgan Samuel George Morton Josiah C. Nott Karl Pearson Roger Pearson Oscar Peschel Isaac La Peyrère Charles Pickering Ludwig Hermann Plate Alfred Ploetz James Cowles Prichard Otto Reche Gustaf Retzius William Z. Ripley Alfred Rosenberg Benjamin Rush Henric Sanielevici Heinrich Schmidt Ilse Schwidetzky Charles Gabriel Seligman Giuseppe Sergi Samuel Stanhope Smith Herbert Spencer Morris Steggerda Lothrop Stoddard William Graham Sumner Thomas Griffith Taylor Paul Topinard John H. Van Evrie Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer Alexander Winchell Ludwig Woltmann Publications An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People in Different Climates (1744) The Outline of History of Mankind (1785) Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question (1849) An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1855) The Races of Europe (Ripley, 1899) The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899) Race Life of the Aryan Peoples (1907) Heredity in Relation to Eugenics (1911) Castes in India (1916) The Passing of the Great Race (1916) The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (1920) The Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930) Annihilation of Caste (1936) An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus (1943) The Race Question (1950) Related Ethnogenesis Eugenics Great chain of being History of anthropometry Miscegenation Monogenism Multiracial Polygenism Pre-Adamite Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness

v t e Human skin color Albino (I.) Light/Fair-White (I–II–III.) Beige/Olive/Copper-Brown/Pardo (III–IV–V.) Dark/Ebony-Black (V–VI.) Fitzpatrick scale Color terminology for race White Caboclo Brown/Pardo Bronze Black Olive Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bronze (racial classification)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_(racial_classification)) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_(racial_classification)?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.