# Breda Formation

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{{Short description|Geologic formation in Netherlands}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name           = Breda Formation
| image          = Verbreiding Breda Formatie 150dpi.png
| caption        =
| type           = [Geological formation](/source/Geological_formation)
| age            = [Chattian](/source/Chattian)-[Pliocene](/source/Pliocene)<br>~{{fossil range|28|3.6}}
| period         = Miocene
| prilithology   = Marine [sandstone](/source/sandstone)s and [clay](/source/clay)s
| otherlithology = [Conglomerate](/source/Conglomerate_(geology))
| namedfor       = [Breda](/source/Breda) ([North Brabant](/source/North_Brabant))
| namedby        =
| region         = [Europe](/source/Europe)
| country        = [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands)
| coordinates    =
| unitof         = [Upper North Sea Group](/source/Upper_North_Sea_Group)
| subunits       = [Aalten Mb.](/source/Aalten_Member), [Delden Mb.](/source/Delden_Member), [Eibergen Mb.](/source/Eibergen_Member), [Zenderen Mb.](/source/Zenderen_Member)
| underlies      = [Oosterhout Fm.](/source/Oosterhout_Formation), [Kiezeloolite Fm.](/source/Kiezeloolite_Formation)
| overlies       = [Rupel Fm.](/source/Rupel_Formation), [Veldhoven Fm.](/source/Veldhoven_Formation)
| thickness      = up to more than {{convert|700|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| extent         =
| area           =
| map            =
| map_caption    =
}}
The '''Breda Formation''' ({{langx|nl|Formatie van Breda}}; abbreviation: BR) is an outdated [geologic formation](/source/formation_(stratigraphy)) in the [subsurface](/source/Subsurface_(geology)) of the [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands). It has also been recognized in adjacent areas in Germany. The formation consists of [marine](/source/marine_(ocean)) [glauconiferous](/source/glauconite) [sand](/source/sand)s and [clay](/source/clay)s that were deposited during the [Miocene](/source/Miocene) [epoch](/source/Epoch_(geology)). Although the formation is not very rich in fossils, sometimes bones of [fishes](/source/fishes), [mammal](/source/mammal)s ([''Leptophoca'' cf. ''proxima''](/source/Leptophoca), ''[Protophocaena minima](/source/Protophocaena)''),<ref name=FWLiessel>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=123486 Liessel] at [Fossilworks](/source/Fossilworks).org</ref> [shell](/source/exoskeleton)s and [shark teeth](/source/shark_teeth) (a.o of [megalodon](/source/megalodon)) are found.

== Stratigraphy and lithology ==
The Breda Formation was deposited in the shallow sea that covered the [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands) during the Miocene. It is mostly on top of the [Oligocene](/source/Oligocene) clays of the [Rupel Formation](/source/Rupel_Formation) or late Oligocene sands and clays of the [Veldhoven Formation](/source/Veldhoven_Formation). The Breda Formation can be a couple of meters (in the [Roerdal Graben](/source/Roerdal_Graben)) to more than {{convert|700|m|ft}} thick. The top is formed by an [erosion](/source/erosion)al [disconformity](/source/Unconformity) in the south and east of the Netherlands. In the west the contact with the [Pliocene](/source/Pliocene) [Oosterhout Formation](/source/Oosterhout_Formation) is more gradual. In the Roerdal Graben the mostly Pliocene [Kiezeloolite Formation](/source/Kiezeloolite_Formation) is sometimes on top of the Breda Formation.

Locally the Breda Formation can be subdivided into [members](/source/member_(stratigraphy)): the [Aalten Member](/source/Aalten_Member) ([silt](/source/silt)y calcareous clay, rich in shells), the [Eibergen Member](/source/Eibergen_Member) (clay alternating with thin sand layers, with a basal [conglomerate](/source/Conglomerate_(geology)) in which shark teeth and [whale](/source/whale) bones were found), the [Zenderen Member](/source/Zenderen_Member) (green, glauconiferous fine sand) and the [Delden Member](/source/Delden_Member) (sandy, glauconite and [goethite](/source/goethite) bearing clay and [loam](/source/loam).

The Breda Formation corresponds largely with the [Berchem Formation](/source/Berchem_Formation) of northern [Belgium](/source/Belgium).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{aut|Doppert, J.W.C.; Ruegg, G.H.J.; Staalduinen, C.J. van; Zagwijn, W.H. & Zandstra, J.G.}}; 1975: ''Formaties van het Kwartair en Boven-Tertiair in Nederland'', in: {{aut|Zagwijn, W.H. & Staalduinen, C.J. van}} (''eds.''): ''Toelichting bij geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland'', Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem, pp.&nbsp;11–56. ({{in lang|nl}})

== External links ==
* {{aut|Westerhoff, W.E.}}; 2003: [https://www.dinoloket.nl/stratigrafische-nomenclator/formatie-van-breda Formatie van Breda], [TNO](/source/Netherlands_Organisation_for_Applied_Scientific_Research) website {{in lang|nl}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Breda}}
Category:Cenozoic Netherlands
Category:Miocene geology
Category:Neogene Europe
Breda Formation
Category:Sandstone formations
Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Europe
Category:Paleontology in the Netherlands
Category:Geologic formations of the Netherlands

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Breda Formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breda_Formation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breda_Formation?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.