# Brazil Squadron

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Military unit of the United States Navy

Brazil Squadron A wash painting of the brig USS Bainbridge. Active 1826–1905 Country United States of America Branch United States Navy Type Naval squadron

Military unit

The **Brazil Squadron**, the **Brazil Station**, or the **South Atlantic Squadron** was an overseas military station established by the United States in 1826 to protect American commerce in the South Atlantic during a war between [Brazil](/source/Brazil) and [Argentina](/source/Argentina). When the [Cisplatine War](/source/Cisplatine_War) between Argentina and Brazil ended, the station remained and continued to protect American interests during several other conflicts. The squadron was also active in the [Blockade of Africa](/source/Blockade_of_Africa) suppressing the [Atlantic slave trade](/source/Atlantic_slave_trade).[1][2] Under [French Chadwick](/source/French_Chadwick), the South Atlantic Squadron was involved in the 1904 [Perdicaris Incident](/source/Perdicaris_Incident) in [Tangier](/source/Tangier), [Morocco](/source/Morocco). It ceased to exist when it was absorbed into the [North Atlantic Fleet](/source/North_Atlantic_Fleet) in 1905.[3]

## Falklands Expedition

Main article: [Falklands Expedition](/source/Falklands_Expedition)

An [expedition](/source/Falklands_Expedition) to the [Falkland Islands](/source/Falkland_Islands) was launched in late 1831 when the [sloop-of-war](/source/Sloop-of-war) [USS *Lexington*](/source/USS_Lexington_(1825)) was sent to [Puerto Soledad](/source/Puerto_Soledad) to investigate the capture and possible armament of two American [whalers](/source/Whaler). When the sailors arrived at the settlement, its Argentine population was found to be suffering from starvation so [Commander](/source/Commander_(United_States)) [Silas Duncan](/source/Silas_Duncan) evacuated the colonists to the mainland. Because of this the Falklands were left unpopulated and open for British colonization a few years later. Argentina's dispute with the United Kingdom over rights to the islands culminated in the 1982 [Falklands War](/source/Falklands_War) which left the British in control. Argentine accounts claim that the USS *Lexington* destroyed the town with naval gunfire, while American accounts differ.[4]

## Slave trade

Main articles: [Blockade of Africa](/source/Blockade_of_Africa) and [African Slave Trade Patrol](/source/African_Slave_Trade_Patrol)

v t e Slave trade suppression Abolitionism Firman of 1830 Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf Firman of 1854 Firman of 1857 Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 Blockade of Africa Kanunname of 1889 Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 Brussels Conference Act of 1890 West Africa Squadron (UK) African Slave Trade Patrol (US) Africa Squadron (US) Brazil Squadron (US) Eastern Naval Division (Brazil) Slave Trade Acts Capture of the Providentia Capture of the Presidente Capture of the El Almirante Capture of the Marinerito Capture of the Veloz Passagera Capture of the Brillante Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919 Creole case La Amistad Incident Capture of the Emanuela Bombardment of Johanna Mary Carver Affair Edward Barley Incident Battle of Little Bereby Hamerton Treaty Frere Treaty Treaty of Jeddah (1927) Moresby Treaty Temporary Slavery Commission 1926 Slavery Convention Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

Slave trading vessels captured by Brazil Squadron[5] Vessel Captor Date Location Porpoise Raritan 23 January 1845 Rio de Janeiro Albert Bainbridge June 1845 Bahia Laurens Onkahye 23 January 1848 Rio de Janeiro A.D. Richardson Perry 11 December 1848 Rio de Janeiro Independence Perry 13 December 1848 Rio de Janeiro Susan Perry 6 February 1849 Rio de Janeiro

## Commanders

### Brazil Squadron

- Commodore [Jesse D. Elliott](/source/Jesse_D._Elliott) 1825-1826

- Commodore [James Biddle](/source/James_Biddle) 1826-1828

- Commodore [John Orde Creighton](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Orde_Creighton&action=edit&redlink=1) 1828-1829

- Commodore [Stephen Cassin](/source/Stephen_Cassin) 1829-1831

- Commodore [George W. Rodgers](/source/George_W._Rodgers) 1830–1832

- Commodore [Melancthon Taylor Woolsey](/source/Melancthon_Taylor_Woolsey) 1832-1834

- Commodore [Daniel Turner](/source/Daniel_Turner_(naval_officer)) 1834-1835

- Commodore [James Renshaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Renshaw&action=edit&redlink=1) 1835-1837

- Commodore [John B. Nicolson](/source/John_B._Nicolson) 1838-1840

- Commodore [Charles G. Ridgely](/source/Charles_G._Ridgely) 1840–1842

- Commodore [Charles Morris](/source/Charles_Morris_(naval_officer)) 16 Dec 1841 - 19 Feb 1843

- Commodore [Edward Rutledge Shubrick](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Rutledge_Shubrick&action=edit&redlink=1) 14 Dec 1842- 27 Jun 1843

- Commodore [Charles W. Morgan](/source/Charles_W._Morgan_(naval_officer)) 3 May 1843 - 7 Aug 1843

- Commodore [Daniel Turner](/source/Daniel_Turner_(naval_officer)) 18 Apr 1844 – 28 Apr 1845

- Commodore [Lawrence Rousseau](/source/Lawrence_Rousseau) 25 Oct 1845 – 11 Oct 1847

- Commodore [George W. Storer](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_W._Storer&action=edit&redlink=1) 22 Nov 1847 – 26 Dec 1850

- Commodore [Silas H. Stringham](/source/Silas_H._Stringham) 26 Dec 1850 - 1851

- Commodore [Isaac McKeever](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac_McKeever&action=edit&redlink=1) 1 Jun 1851 – 20 Jul 1853

- Commodore [William D. Salter](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_D._Salter&action=edit&redlink=1) 19 Feb 1853 - 22 Apr 1856

- Captain [Samuel Mercer](/source/Samuel_Mercer) 24 Apr 1856 - 3 Dec 1856 (acting)

- Commodore [French Forrest](/source/French_Forrest) 8 Oct 1856 - 8 May 1858

- Commodore [William B. Shubrick](/source/William_B._Shubrick) 9 Sep 1858 - 16 May 1859

- Commodore [Joshua R. Sands](/source/Joshua_R._Sands) 7 Jul 1859 - 24 Aug 1860

- Commodore [Louis M. Goldsborough](/source/Louis_M._Goldsborough) 1860 - 12 Apr 1861

### Special Squadron

- Rear Admiral [Sylvanus Godon](/source/Sylvanus_William_Godon) (12 Apr 1865-12 Jun 1865)

### South Atlantic Squadron

- Rear Admiral [William Radford](/source/William_Radford) (12 Aug 1865-15 Oct 1865)

- Rear Admiral [Sylvanus Godon](/source/Sylvanus_William_Godon) (Oct 1865-Dec 1866)

- Rear Admiral [Charles H. Davis](/source/Charles_Henry_Davis) (17 Jun 1867-22 Jul 1869)

- Commodore [Melancthon Brooks Woolsey](/source/Melancthon_Brooks_Woolsey) (23 Jul 1869-21 Dec 1869) acting

- Rear Admiral [Joseph Lanman](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Lanman&action=edit&redlink=1) (3 Sep 1869-27 Jun 1872)

- Rear Admiral [Melancthon Brooks Woolsey](/source/Melancthon_Brooks_Woolsey) (27 Jun 1872-31 Oct 1873)

- Rear Admiral [James Hooker Strong](/source/James_Hooker_Strong) (4 Nov 1873-27 Jul 1874)

- Rear Admiral [William E. Le Roy](/source/William_E._Le_Roy) (22 Jul 1874-11 Jan 1876)

- Commodore [Charles Henry Bromedge Caldwell](/source/Charles_Henry_Bromedge_Caldwell) (20 Oct 1876-18 Sep 1877)

- Rear Admiral [Edward T. Nichols](/source/Edward_T._Nichols) (28 Feb 1878-16 Nov 1879)

- Rear Admiral [Andrew Bryson](/source/Andrew_Bryson) (10 Oct 1879-25 Jul 1881)

- Rear Admiral [James H. Spotts](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_H._Spotts&action=edit&redlink=1) (25 Jul 1881-21 Feb 1882)

- Captain [Aaron W. Weaver](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aaron_W._Weaver&action=edit&redlink=1) (13 Mar 1882-7 Jun 1882) acting

- Rear Admiral [Peirce Crosby](/source/Peirce_Crosby) (9 Jun 1882-31 Jan 1883)

- Captain [Aaron W. Weaver](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aaron_W._Weaver&action=edit&redlink=1) (3 Feb 1883-2 Jun 1883) acting

- Rear Admiral [Thomas S. Phelps](/source/Thomas_S._Phelps) (5 Jun 1883-20 Oct 1884)

- (1884-1885)

- Rear Admiral [Daniel L. Braine](/source/Daniel_L._Braine) (12 Aug 1886-1888)

- Rear Admiral [James Henry Gillis](/source/James_Henry_Gillis) (1888-1890)

- Rear Admiral [John G. Walker](/source/John_Grimes_Walker) (1890-1892)

- Rear Admiral [Andrew E. K. Benham](/source/Andrew_E._K._Benham) (5 Jun 1892-May 1893)

- Rear Admiral [Oscar F. Stanton](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar_F._Stanton&action=edit&redlink=1) (Jul 1893-Apr 1894)

- Rear Admiral [William A. Kirkland](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_A._Kirkland&action=edit&redlink=1) (Apr 1894-Aug 1894)

- Rear Admiral [Bancroft Gherardi](/source/Bancroft_Gherardi) (Aug 1894-1895)

- Rear Admiral [Charles S. Norton](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_S._Norton&action=edit&redlink=1) (Jan 1895-May 1897)

- Captain [Yates Stirling](/source/Yates_Stirling) (Jul 1897-Dec 1897) (acting)

- Captain [Colby M. Chester](/source/Colby_M._Chester) (Dec 1897-Mar 1898) (acting)

- Rear Admiral [Henry L. Howison](/source/Henry_L._Howison) (30 Mar 1899-2 Oct 1899)

- Rear Admiral [Winfield S. Schley](/source/Winfield_S._Schley) (Nov 1899-9 Oct 1901)

- Rear Admiral [George W. Sumner](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_W._Sumner&action=edit&redlink=1) (5 Feb 1902-10 Oct 1903)

- Rear Admiral [Benjamin P. Lamberton](/source/Benjamin_P._Lamberton) (11 Oct 1903-1904)

- Captain [Richard Wainwright](/source/Richard_Wainwright_(Spanish%E2%80%93American_War_naval_officer)) (1 Feb 1904-1904) (acting)

- Rear Admiral [French E. Chadwick](/source/French_Ensor_Chadwick) (1904-1904)

- Rear Admiral [Charles D. Sigsbee](/source/Charles_D._Sigsbee) (1904-1905)

## See also

- [Charles G. Ridgely](/source/Charles_G._Ridgely)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Klafter, Craig E., *United States Involvement in the Falkland Islands Crisis of 1831–1833*, Journal of the Early Republic, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Winter, 1984), pp. 395-420

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Howarth, S. *To Shining Sea: A History of the United States Navy, 1775-1998*, University of Oklahoma Press, 1999.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Allen, Keith (2003). ["US Fleet Organization 1898–1941"](http://www.gwpda.org/naval/fdus0001.htm). *The Great War Primary Documents Archive*. Retrieved 17 March 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Silas Duncan and the Falklands' Incident"](http://www.ussduncan.org/silas_page13.htm). *ussduncan.org*. 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Canney, D.L., "Africa Squadron", Potomac Books, 2006, pp. 233–234

v t e United States Navy squadrons 19th century Africa Squadron Brazil Squadron Chesapeake Bay Flotilla East India Squadron Home Squadron Mediterranean Squadron Mosquito Fleet New Orleans Squadron Pacific Squadron West Indies Squadron Civil War Atlantic Blockading Squadron East Gulf Blockading Squadron Mississippi River Squadron North Atlantic Blockading Squadron Potomac Flotilla South Atlantic Blockading Squadron West Gulf Blockading Squadron West India Squadron Post-Civil War Asiatic Squadron Bering Sea Squadron European Squadron Flying Squadron North Atlantic Squadron North Pacific Squadron Pacific Station South Atlantic Squadron South Pacific Squadron Special Service Squadron Squadron of Evolution

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Brazil Squadron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_Squadron) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_Squadron?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.