# Bravo Lake Formation

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Large igneous province on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada

The **Bravo Lake Formation** is a [mafic](/source/Mafic) [volcanic belt](/source/Volcanic_belt) and [large igneous province](/source/Large_igneous_province)[1] located at the northern margin of the [Trans-Hudson orogeny](/source/Trans-Hudson_orogeny) on central [Baffin Island](/source/Baffin_Island), [Nunavut](/source/Nunavut), Canada. It is exposed along a nearly continuous east–west passage for 120 km (75 mi) and changes in stratigraphic thickness from 1 to 2.5 kilometers.[2] The [formation](/source/Formation_(geology)) is a rare alkaline-suite that formed as a result of submarine [rifting](/source/Rift) during the [Paleoproterozoic](/source/Paleoproterozoic) period.[3] The Bravo Lake Formation is surprisingly undeformed by the Himalayan-scale forming event during the Trans-Hudsonian orogeny.

The [stratigraphy](/source/Stratigraphy) of the Bravo Lake Formation starts with a basic section of iron-oxide rich [sandstones](/source/Sandstone), [psammites](/source/Psammite), and semi-[pelites](/source/Pelite) which cover a series of deformed [pillow lavas](/source/Pillow_lava) which expand in viscosity towards the west, and volcanic/clastic deposits and [ultramafic](/source/Ultramafic) [sills](/source/Sill_(geology)). The lower volcanic section is covered by [garnet](/source/Garnet) and [diopside](/source/Diopside) bearing [calc–silicate](/source/Calc%E2%80%93silicate_rock) layers and finely layered metasediments composed of coarse-grained [actinolite](/source/Actinolite), [hornblende](/source/Hornblende) and [biotite](/source/Biotite) followed by pelites and semi-pelites that are intruded by separate sills. In the [Ridge Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ridge_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1) area, the volcanic belt includes an interlayered series of [amphibolite](/source/Amphibolite), [gabbro](/source/Gabbro), [iron formation](/source/Banded_iron_formation), sulfidic [schist](/source/Schist) and metasediments.[2]

Geochemical results of [pillow lavas](/source/Pillow_lava) and chill boundaries along five transects across the volcanic belt suggest the existence of three chemically different [magma](/source/Magma) types within the Bravo Lake Formation.[2]

Lavas of the [volcanic belt](/source/Volcanic_belt) display [geochemical](/source/Geochemistry) characteristics similar to modern ocean-island–basalt groups. They range from moderately to intensely fractionated. [REE-profiles](/source/Rare-earth_element) are similar to those from [tholeiitic basalts](/source/Tholeiitic_basalt) to extremely [alkaline](/source/Alkaline) lavas in [Hawaii](/source/Hawaii).[2]

## See also

- [List of volcanoes in Canada](/source/List_of_volcanoes_in_Canada)

- [Volcanism of Canada](/source/Volcanism_of_Canada)

- [Volcanism of Northern Canada](/source/Volcanism_of_Northern_Canada)

- [Geography of Nunavut](/source/Geography_of_Nunavut)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Igneous rock associations in Canada 3. Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) in Canada and adjacent regions: 3](http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-124343378.html) Retrieved on 2007-01-10

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SI_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SI_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SI_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-SI_2-3) [Central Baffin Island 4-D Project - Projects](http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/baffin4d/proj/p21_e.php) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090416021920/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/baffin4d/proj/p21_e.php) 2009-04-16 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): Paleoproterozoic mafic magmatism in central Baffin Island. Retrieved on 2007-10-18

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Volcanology and geochemistry of the Bravo Lake Formation, Baffin Island, Nunavut](https://web.archive.org/web/20090415162029/http://gac.esd.mun.ca/gac_2004/search_abs/sub_program.asp?sess=98&form=10&abs_no=280). Retrieved on 2007-10-18

## External links

- [Paleoproterozoic alkaline magmatism of the Bravo Lake Formation of central Baffin Island, Nunavut](https://web.archive.org/web/20110706190020/http://gac.esd.mun.ca/gac_2003/search_abs/sub_program.asp?sess=98&form=10&abs_no=439)

[68°31′N 073°18′W / 68.517°N 73.300°W / 68.517; -73.300 (Bravo Lake Formation)](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bravo_Lake_Formation&params=68_31_N_073_18_W_type:landmark_scale:1000000_region:CA-NU&title=Bravo+Lake+Formation)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bravo Lake Formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravo_Lake_Formation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravo_Lake_Formation?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.