# Bouteloua
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{{Short description|Genus of grasses}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|name = Grama grass
|image = Bouteloua curtipendula.jpg
|image_caption = ''[Bouteloua curtipendula](/source/Bouteloua_curtipendula)''
|display_parents = 3
|parent_authority = Stapf
|taxon = Bouteloua
|authority = [Lag.](/source/Mariano_Lagasca_y_Segura) 1805 not Hornem. ex P. Beauv. 1812[{{GRIN |accessdate=2018-07-13}}][{{Tropicos}}]
|type_species = ''[Bouteloua racemosa](/source/Bouteloua_racemosa)''
|type_species_authority = [Lag.](/source/Mariano_Lagasca_y_Segura)
|synonyms_ref = [{{Cite POWO|title=''Bouteloua'' Lag..|id=328303-2|access-date=2024-11-22|mode=cs1}}][Lagasca y Segura, Mariano. 1805. Variedades de Ciencias, Literatura y Artes 2(4,21): 134][{{cite web|url= http://delta-intkey.com/grass/www/boutelou.htm |title=The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references |access-date=2009-08-19 |author=Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. |year=2008 |work=The Grass Genera of the World }}] Members of the genus are commonly known as '''grama grass'''.[{{ITIS |id=41491 |taxon=''Bouteloua'' |accessdate=2011-03-04}}]
==Description==
[[File:Bouteloua hirsuta (4087876904).jpg|thumb|The top of a flower spike of ''[Bouteloua hirsuta](/source/Bouteloua_hirsuta)'' ([hairy grama), showing the flattened rachis]]
''Bouteloua'' includes both annual and perennial grasses, which frequently form [stolons](/source/Stolon).[{{eFloras|2 |family=Poaceae |first1=Bi-xing |last1=Sun |first2=Sylvia M. |last2=Phillips}}]
== Taxonomy ==
The genus was first described by [Mariano Lagasca](/source/Mariano_Lagasca) in 1805.[ It was named for [Claudio](/source/Claudio_Boutelou) and [Esteban Boutelou](/source/Esteban_Boutelou), 19th-century Spanish botanists.][Peterson, P. M. & Y. Herrera-Arrieta. 2001. Bouteloua. In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): II. Subfamily Chloridoideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 41: 20–33][Gould, F. W. 1980. The genus ''Bouteloua'' (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66(3): 348–416] [David Griffiths](/source/David_Griffiths_(botanist)) produced a 1912 [monograph](/source/monograph) on the genus.[{{Cite book|title=Grasses of Southwestern United States|last=Gould|first=Frank W.|work=University of Arizona Bulletin|publisher=University of Arizona|year=1951|location=Tucson|pages=139–140}}]
===Species===
Species of ''Bouteloua'' include:[{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1622 |title=Species Records of ''Bouteloua'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2011-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508041431/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1622 |archive-date=2009-05-08 |url-status=dead }}][{{BONAP|ref |genus=Bouteloua}}][Gould, F. W. & R. Moran. 1981. The grasses of Baja California, Mexico. Memoir San Diego Society of Natural History 12: 1–140]
* ''[Bouteloua alamosana](/source/Bouteloua_alamosana)'' Vasey – [Mesoamerica](/source/Mesoamerica)
* ''[Bouteloua americana](/source/Bouteloua_americana)'' (L.) Scribn. – American grama – southern Mexico, [Central America](/source/Central_America), [West Indies](/source/West_Indies), northern [South America](/source/South_America)
* ''[Bouteloua annua](/source/Bouteloua_annua)'' Swallen – [Baja California Sur](/source/Baja_California_Sur), [Sonora](/source/Sonora)
* ''[Bouteloua arizonica](/source/Bouteloua_arizonica)'' (M.E.Jones) Cuellar & Columbus
* ''[Bouteloua aristidoides](/source/Bouteloua_aristidoides)'' (Kunth) Griseb. – needle grama – United States ([California](/source/California), [Arizona](/source/Arizona), [Nevada](/source/Nevada), [Utah](/source/Utah), [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico), [Texas](/source/Texas)); Mexico, South America, [Aruba](/source/Aruba)
* ''[Bouteloua barbata](/source/Bouteloua_barbata)'' Lag. – six-weeks grama – United States, Mexico
* ''[Bouteloua bracteata](/source/Bouteloua_bracteata)'' (McVaugh) Columbus – [Michoacán](/source/Michoac%C3%A1n)
* ''[Bouteloua breviseta](/source/Bouteloua_breviseta)'' Vasey – United States, Mexico
* ''[Bouteloua chasei](/source/Bouteloua_chasei)'' Swallen
* ''[Bouteloua chondrosioides](/source/Bouteloua_chondrosioides)'' (Kunth) Benth. ex S.Watson – sprucetop grama – United States ([AZ](/source/Arizona) [TX](/source/Texas)); Mesoamerica
* ''[Bouteloua curtipendula](/source/Bouteloua_curtipendula)'' (Michx.) Torr. – sideoats grama – widespread in USA, Canada, Mexico
* ''[Bouteloua dactyloides](/source/Bouteloua_dactyloides)'' ([Nutt.](/source/Thomas_Nuttall)) [Columbus](/source/James_Travis_Columbus) – buffalograss – USA, Canada, Mexico
* ''[Bouteloua dimorpha](/source/Bouteloua_dimorpha)'' Columbus – [Great Plains](/source/Great_Plains) in USA, Canada, Mexico, [Honduras](/source/Honduras), [Cuba](/source/Cuba), [Trinidad](/source/Trinidad)
* ''[Bouteloua distans](/source/Bouteloua_distans)'' Swallen – Mexico
* ''[Bouteloua disticha](/source/Bouteloua_disticha)'' (Kunth) Benth. – from southern Mexico to [Ecuador](/source/Ecuador); also Cuba, [Galápagos](/source/Gal%C3%A1pagos)
* ''[Bouteloua diversispicula](/source/Bouteloua_diversispicula)'' Columbus
* ''[Bouteloua elata](/source/Bouteloua_elata)'' Reeder & C.Reeder
* ''[Bouteloua eludens](/source/Bouteloua_eludens)'' Griffiths – USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico ([Chihuahua](/source/Chihuahua_(state)), [Coahuila](/source/Coahuila), [Sonora](/source/Sonora))
* ''[Bouteloua erecta](/source/Bouteloua_erecta)'' (Vasey & Hack.) Columbus
* ''[Bouteloua eriopoda](/source/Bouteloua_eriopoda)'' (Torr.) Torr. – United States, Mexico
* ''[Bouteloua eriostachya](/source/Bouteloua_eriostachya)'' (Swallen) Reeder
* ''[Bouteloua gracilis](/source/Bouteloua_gracilis)'' (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths – blue grama – [Great Plains](/source/Great_Plains) in USA, Canada, Mexico
* ''[Bouteloua griffithsii](/source/Bouteloua_griffithsii)'' Columbus
* ''[Bouteloua herrera-arrietae](/source/Bouteloua_herrera-arrietae)'' P.M.Peterson & Romasch.
* ''[Bouteloua hirsuta](/source/Bouteloua_hirsuta)'' Lag. – USA (Great Plains, Southwest), Mexico, Guatemala
* ''[Bouteloua johnstonii](/source/Bouteloua_johnstonii)'' Swallen – Coahuila
* ''[Bouteloua juncea](/source/Bouteloua_juncea)'' (Desv. ex Beauv.) A.S.Hitchc. – lamilla – Cuba, [Hispaniola](/source/Hispaniola), [Puerto Rico](/source/Puerto_Rico)
* ''[Bouteloua karwinskyi](/source/Bouteloua_karwinskyi)'' (E.Fourn.) Griffiths
* ''[Bouteloua kayi](/source/Bouteloua_kayi)'' Warnock
* ''[Bouteloua media](/source/Bouteloua_media)'' (E.Fourn.) Gould & Kapadia – from central Mexico to [Uruguay](/source/Uruguay)
* ''[Bouteloua megapotamica](/source/Bouteloua_megapotamica)'' (Spreng.) Kuntze – [Argentina](/source/Argentina), [Brazil](/source/Brazil), [Uruguay](/source/Uruguay), [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia)
* ''[Bouteloua mexicana](/source/Bouteloua_mexicana)'' (Scribn.) Columbus – Mexico, [Belize](/source/Belize), [Guatemala](/source/Guatemala), Honduras
* ''[Bouteloua multifida](/source/Bouteloua_multifida)'' (Griffiths) Columbus – from Sonora to [Oaxaca](/source/Oaxaca)
* ''[Bouteloua nervata](/source/Bouteloua_nervata)'' Swallen – [Hidalgo](/source/Hidalgo_(state)), [México State](/source/M%C3%A9xico_State)
* ''[Bouteloua parryi](/source/Bouteloua_parryi)'' (E. Fourn.) Griffiths – Parry's Grama, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Northern Mexico
* ''[Bouteloua pectinata](/source/Bouteloua_pectinata)'' (''Bouteloua hirsuta'' var. ''pectinata'') – tall grama, eyebrow grass – Texas
* ''[Bouteloua pedicellata](/source/Bouteloua_pedicellata)'' Swallen – [Puebla](/source/Puebla), Hidalgo, [Guanajuato](/source/Guanajuato), [Tlaxcala](/source/Tlaxcala), [Nuevo León](/source/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n), [Veracruz](/source/Veracruz)
* ''[Bouteloua polymorpha](/source/Bouteloua_polymorpha)'' (E.Fourn.) Columbus – from Durango to Oaxaca
* ''[Bouteloua purpurea](/source/Bouteloua_purpurea)'' Gould & Kapadia – Guanajuato, [D.F.](/source/Distrito_Federal_de_M%C3%A9xico), [San Luis Potosí](/source/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD), México State, Hidalgo, [Querétaro](/source/Quer%C3%A9taro)
* ''[Bouteloua radicosa](/source/Bouteloua_radicosa)'' (E. Fourn.) Griffiths – purple grama – USA (Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (Chihuahua, Michoacán, Coahuila, [Morelos](/source/Morelos), Puebla, Durango, [Zacatecas](/source/Zacatecas), Distrito Federal de México, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas)
* ''[Bouteloua ramosa](/source/Bouteloua_ramosa)'' Scribn. ex Vasey
* ''[Bouteloua reederorum](/source/Bouteloua_reederorum)'' Columbus – Durango, Puebla, Zacatecas, Oaxaca
* ''[Bouteloua reflexa](/source/Bouteloua_reflexa)'' Swallen – Sonora, Sinaloa, [Baja California](/source/Baja_California), [Baja California Sur](/source/Baja_California_Sur), [Nayarit](/source/Nayarit)
* ''[Bouteloua repens](/source/Bouteloua_repens)'' (Kunth) Scribn. & Merr. – slender grama – Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Mesoamerica, [Colombia](/source/Colombia), [Venezuela](/source/Venezuela), [West Indies](/source/West_Indies)
* ''[Bouteloua rigidiseta](/source/Bouteloua_rigidiseta)'' (Steud.) Hitchc. – Texas grama – New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mexico ([Aguascalientes](/source/Aguascalientes), Durango)
* ''[Bouteloua scabra](/source/Bouteloua_scabra)'' (Kunth) Columbus – from Hidalgo to Honduras
* ''[Bouteloua scorpioides](/source/Bouteloua_scorpioides)'' Lag.
* ''[Bouteloua simplex](/source/Bouteloua_simplex)'' Lag. Much of southwestern and central United States, Central America, western South America
* ''[Bouteloua stolonifera](/source/Bouteloua_stolonifera)'' Scribn. – San Luis Potosí, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas
* ''[Bouteloua swallenii](/source/Bouteloua_swallenii)'' Columbus – from El Salvador to Venezuela
* ''[Bouteloua triaena](/source/Bouteloua_triaena)'' (Trin. ex Spreng.) Scribn. – from Sinaloa to Guatemala
* ''[Bouteloua trifida](/source/Bouteloua_trifida)'' Thunb. – Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Mexico
* ''[Bouteloua uniflora](/source/Bouteloua_uniflora)'' Vasey – Nealley grama, oneflower grama – Utah, Texas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nuevo León, [Querétaro](/source/Quer%C3%A9taro), Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas
* ''[Bouteloua vaneedenii](/source/Bouteloua_vaneedenii)'' Pilg. – Cuba, [Leeward Islands](/source/Leeward_Islands), Venezuela
* ''[Bouteloua varia](/source/Bouteloua_varia)'' (Swallen) Columbus
* ''[Bouteloua warnockii](/source/Bouteloua_warnockii)'' Gould & Kapadia – Warnock's grama – New Mexico, Texas, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas
* ''[Bouteloua williamsii](/source/Bouteloua_williamsii)'' Swallen – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
File:Bouteloua barbata (4191996700).jpg|''Bouteloua barbata'' (six-weeks grama)
File:Bouteloua curtipendula (3797569342).jpg|''Bouteloua curtipendula'' (sideoats grama)
File:Bouteloua eriopoda HC-1950.png|''Bouteloua eriopoda'' (black grama)
File:Bouteloua gracilis2.jpg|''Bouteloua gracilis'' (blue grama)
File:Eutriana multiseta - Species graminum - Volume 3.jpg|''Bouteloua megapotamica''
File:Bouteloua trifida HC-1950.jpg|''Bouteloua trifida'' (red grama)
== Distribution ==
''Bouteloua'' is found only in the [Americas](/source/Americas), with most diversity centered in the southwestern United States.[[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1801/ Ciénaga de Zapata National Park], on ''whc.unesco.org''.]
== Uses ==
Many species are important livestock [forage](/source/forage), especially ''[Bouteloua gracilis](/source/Bouteloua_gracilis)'' (blue grama).