# Boulevard

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For other uses, see [Boulevard (disambiguation)](/source/Boulevard_(disambiguation)).

"Blvd" redirects here. For other uses, see [BLVD (disambiguation)](/source/BLVD_(disambiguation)).

A **boulevard** is a type of broad [avenue](/source/Avenue_(landscape)) planted with rows of trees, or in parts of [North America](/source/North_America), any urban [highway](/source/Highway) or wide [road](/source/Road) in a [commercial](/source/Commerce) district.

In Europe, boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former [city walls](/source/Defensive_wall).

In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lane [thoroughfares](/source/Thoroughfares) divided with only a central median.

## Etymology

The word *boulevard* is borrowed from [French](/source/French_language). In France, it originally meant the flat surface of a [rampart](/source/Rampart_(fortification)), and later a [promenade](/source/Promenade) taking the place of a demolished fortification. It is a borrowing from the [Dutch](/source/Dutch_language) word *bolwerk* '[bulwark](/source/Bastion)'.[1]

## Notable examples

### Asia

#### Azerbaijan

- [Baku Boulevard](/source/Baku_Boulevard)

#### Bangladesh

- [Manik Mia Avenue](/source/Manik_Mia_Avenue)

#### Cambodia

- [Norodom Boulevard](/source/Norodom_Boulevard)
- [Monivong Boulevard](/source/Monivong_Boulevard)
- [Sihanouk Boulevard](/source/Sihanouk_Boulevard)
- [Xi Jinping Boulevard](/source/Xi_Jinping_Boulevard)

#### India

- [M G Road](/source/M_G_Road,_Bangalore)
- [Anna Salai](/source/Anna_Salai)
- [Indira Gandhi Sarani](/source/Indira_Gandhi_Sarani)
- [Marine Drive](/source/Marine_Drive,_Mumbai)
- [Krishnaraja Boulevard](/source/Krishnaraja_Boulevard)
- [Rajpath](/source/Rajpath)
- [Necklace Road](/source/Necklace_Road)
- [Mahatma Gandhi Road](/source/Mahatma_Gandhi_Road,_Vijayawada)
- [Foreshore Road](/source/Foreshore_Road)

#### Indonesia

- [Jalan Jenderal Sudirman](/source/Jalan_Jenderal_Sudirman)
- [Jalan M.H. Thamrin](/source/Jalan_M.H._Thamrin)
- [Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto](/source/Jalan_Jenderal_Gatot_Subroto)
- [Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said](/source/Jalan_H.R._Rasuna_Said)
- [Jalan Gajah Mada](/source/Jalan_Gajah_Mada)/[Jalan Hayam Wuruk](/source/Jalan_Hayam_Wuruk)
- [Jalan Prof. Dr. Satrio](/source/Jalan_Prof._Dr._Satrio)
- [Jalan Plaza Boulevard](/source/Jalan_Plaza_Boulevard)

#### Vietnam

- [Thang Long Boulevard](/source/Thang_Long_Boulevard)

#### Iran

- [Keshavarz Boulevard](/source/Keshavarz_Boulevard)

#### Philippines

- [Roxas Boulevard](/source/Roxas_Boulevard)
- [Shaw Boulevard](/source/Shaw_Boulevard)
- [España Boulevard](/source/Espa%C3%B1a_Boulevard)
- [Quezon Boulevard](/source/Quezon_Boulevard)
- [Aurora Boulevard](/source/Aurora_Boulevard)
- [Osmeña Boulevard](/source/Osme%C3%B1a_Boulevard)[2]

### Australia and Oceania

#### Australia

- [St Kilda Road](/source/St_Kilda_Road), [Melbourne](/source/Melbourne)
- [Royal Parade](/source/Royal_Parade,_Melbourne), Melbourne
- [Victoria Parade](/source/Victoria_Street,_Melbourne), Melbourne
- [Flemington Road](/source/Flemington_Road), Melbourne
- [Mount Alexander Road](/source/Mount_Alexander_Road), Melbourne
- [The Boulevard](/source/The_Boulevard,_Perth), Perth

#### New Zealand

- The [Four Avenues](/source/Four_Avenues), [Christchurch](/source/Christchurch)
- [Anzac Avenue](/source/Dunedin_Railway_Station#Anzac_Square_and_Anzac_Avenue), [Dunedin](/source/Dunedin)
- [Marine Parade](/source/Marine_Parade,_Napier,_New_Zealand), [Napier](/source/Napier,_New_Zealand)

### Europe

#### Austria

- [Vienna Ring Road](/source/Vienna_Ring_Road)

#### Denmark

Boulevards in [Copenhagen](/source/Copenhagen):

- [Nørre Voldgade](/source/N%C3%B8rre_Voldgade)
- [H. C. Andersens Boulevard](/source/H._C._Andersens_Boulevard)
- [Vesterbrogade](/source/Vesterbrogade)
- [Sønder Boulevard](/source/S%C3%B8nder_Boulevard)
- [Dalgas Boulevard](/source/Dalgas_Boulevard)
- [Strandboulevarden](/source/Strandboulevarden)
- [Frederiksberg Allé](/source/Frederiksberg_All%C3%A9)

#### France

Main article: [Boulevards of Paris](/source/Boulevards_of_Paris)

- [Boulevard Beaumarchais](/source/Boulevard_Beaumarchais)
- [Boulevard du Temple](/source/Boulevard_du_Temple)
- [Boulevard Montmartre](/source/Boulevard_Montmartre)
- [Boulevard des Italiens](/source/Boulevard_des_Italiens)
- [Boulevard des Capucines](/source/Boulevard_des_Capucines)
- [Boulevard de la Madeleine](/source/Boulevard_de_la_Madeleine)

#### Germany

- [Unter den Linden](/source/Unter_den_Linden), Berlin
- [Kurfürstendamm](/source/Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm), Berlin
- [Karl-Marx-Allee](/source/Karl-Marx-Allee), Berlin
- [Boulevard der Stars](/source/Boulevard_der_Stars), Berlin
- [Königsallee](/source/K%C3%B6nigsallee), Düsseldorf
- [Goerdelerring](/source/Goerdelerring), [Leipzig](/source/Leipzig)
- [Brienner Straße](/source/Brienner_Stra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)), [Munich](/source/Munich)
- [Leopoldstraße](/source/Leopoldstra%C3%9Fe), Munich
- [Maximilianstraße](/source/Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)), Munich
- [Prinzregentenstraße](/source/Prinzregentenstra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)), Munich

#### Hungary

- [Little Boulevard](/source/Little_Boulevard_(Budapest)), [Budapest](/source/Budapest)
- [Grand Boulevard](/source/Grand_Boulevard_(Budapest)), Budapest
- [Hungária Boulevard](/source/Hung%C3%A1ria_Boulevard), Budapest[3]

#### Ireland

- [O'Connell Street](/source/O'Connell_Street), Dublin

#### Italy

- [Viali di Circonvallazione](/source/Viali_di_Circonvallazione), [Florence](/source/Florence)
- [Foro Buonaparte](/source/Foro_Buonaparte), [Milan](/source/Milan)
- [Stradone Martiri della Libertà](/source/Stradone_Martiri_della_Libert%C3%A0), [Parma](/source/Parma)
- [Via Merulana](/source/Via_Merulana), [Rome](/source/Rome)

#### Netherlands

- [Lange Voorhout](/source/Lange_Voorhout), [The Hague](/source/The_Hague)

#### Spain

- [Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes](/source/Gran_Via_de_les_Corts_Catalanes), [Barcelona](/source/Barcelona)
- [Avenida de la Granvia de Hospitalet](/source/Avenida_de_la_Granvia_de_Hospitalet), Barcelona
- [Avinguda Diagonal](/source/Avinguda_Diagonal), Barcelona
- [Alameda Principal](/source/Alameda_Principal), [Málaga](/source/M%C3%A1laga)

#### Portugal

- [Avenida da Liberdade](/source/Avenida_da_Liberdade_(Lisbon)), [Lisbon](/source/Lisbon)

#### Russia

- [Boulevard Ring](/source/Boulevard_Ring), Moscow - [Tverskoy Boulevard](/source/Tverskoy_Boulevard)[4]
- [Garden Ring](/source/Garden_Ring), Moscow

#### Ukraine

- [Lesya Ukrainka Boulevard](/source/Lesya_Ukrainka_Boulevard)
- Sections of [Small Ring Road, Kyiv](/source/Small_Ring_Road,_Kyiv)

### North America

#### Canada

- [Lake Shore Boulevard](/source/Lake_Shore_Boulevard), [Toronto](/source/Toronto)
- [Pie-IX Boulevard](/source/Pie-IX_Boulevard), [Montreal](/source/Montreal)
- [King George Boulevard](/source/King_George_Boulevard), [Surrey](/source/Surrey,_British_Columbia)

#### Mexico

- [Paseo de la Reforma](/source/Paseo_de_la_Reforma), Mexico City

#### United States

- [Ocean Parkway](/source/Ocean_Parkway_(Brooklyn)), [Brooklyn](/source/Brooklyn)
- [Broadway](/source/Broadway_(Manhattan)), [Manhattan](/source/Manhattan)
- [West Side Highway](/source/West_Side_Highway), Manhattan
- [FDR Drive](/source/FDR_Drive), Manhattan (future project)
- [Sunset Boulevard](/source/Sunset_Boulevard), [Los Angeles](/source/Los_Angeles)
- [Santa Monica Boulevard](/source/Santa_Monica_Boulevard), Los Angeles
- [Wilshire Boulevard](/source/Wilshire_Boulevard), Los Angeles
- [Hollywood Boulevard](/source/Hollywood_Boulevard), Los Angeles
- [Chicago Boulevard System](/source/Chicago_Boulevard_System)
- [Benjamin Franklin Parkway](/source/Benjamin_Franklin_Parkway), [Philadelphia](/source/Philadelphia)
- [Roosevelt Boulevard](/source/Roosevelt_Boulevard_(Philadelphia)), Philadelphia
- [Southern Boulevard Park](/source/Southern_Boulevard_Park), Philadelphia
- [Boulevard](/source/Boulevard_(Atlanta)), [Atlanta](/source/Atlanta)
- [Park Avenue](/source/Park_Avenue), [New York City](/source/New_York_City)
- [Las Vegas Boulevard](/source/Las_Vegas_Boulevard), [Las Vegas](/source/Las_Vegas)
- [Ohio River Boulevard](/source/Ohio_River_Boulevard), [Pittsburgh](/source/Pittsburgh)

### South America

#### Argentina

- [Avenida 9 de Julio](/source/Avenida_9_de_Julio), [Buenos Aires](/source/Buenos_Aires)

#### Uruguay

- [Artigas Boulevard](/source/Artigas_Boulevard), [Montevideo](/source/Montevideo)

#### Brazil

- [Avenida Rio Branco](/source/Avenida_Rio_Branco), [Rio de Janeiro](/source/Rio_de_Janeiro)

- [Avenida São João](/source/Avenida_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o), [São Paulo](/source/S%C3%A3o_Paulo)

## References

1. *[Wiktionnaire](/source/Wiktionnaire)*, [\[1\]](https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/boulevard#:~:text=Fran%C3%A7ais-,%C3%89tymologie,l'anglais%20ou%20le%20n%C3%A9erlandais.)

1. ["Buses to Bring Change"](http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/215883/buses-to-bring-change). Cebu Daily News. 20 June 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2017.

1. ["Húsvét után jön a nagykörúti káosz"](https://index.hu/belfold/budapest/nagykor0414/). *Index.hu*. 17 April 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2017.

1. ["Некоммерческий проект бульвары Москвы."](https://web.archive.org/web/20170918121544/http://bulwar.ru/). *Bulwar.ru*. Archived from [the original](http://www.bulwar.ru/) on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.

## Books

- Jacobs, Allan B.; Elizabeth Macdonald; Yodan Rofé (2003). *The Boulevard Book*. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-60023-1.
- Fiaccadori, Gianfranco; Malinverni, Alessandro; Mambriani, Carlo (2012). [*Guglielmo du Tillot: regista delle arti nell'età dei Lumi*](https://books.google.com/books?id=g_4wmgEACAAJ) (in Italian). Parma: Fondazione Cariparma. ISBN 978-88-7898-064-8. [OCLC 889616353](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/889616353)
- Pastega, Agostino Brotto (2010). *Antonio Gaidon 1738–1829. Un professionista ante litteram dal rilievo mappale al boulevard*. Bassano: Associazione Interprofessionale Bassanese.

## External links

- [Boulevards in Vietnam](https://teccorp.vn/boulevard/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Boulevard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.