# Botta's serotine
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{{short description|Species of bat}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Botta's serotine
| image = Bottas-serotine-Eptesicus-bottae-mistnetted-from-Kalat-er-Rahba.png
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref=[{{cite iucn |author=Bouillard, N. |date=2021 |title=''Eptesicus bottae'' |volume=2021 |article-number=e.T85197425A22114599 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T85197425A22114599.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}]
| genus = Eptesicus
| species = bottae
| authority = ([Peters](/source/Wilhelm_Peters), 1869)
| synonyms = {{species list
| Vesperus bottae | Peters, 1869
| Vesperugo serotinus| [Schreber](/source/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber), 1775}}
}}
'''Botta's serotine''' ('''''Eptesicus bottae''''') is a [species](/source/species) of [vesper bat](/source/vesper_bat), one of 25 in the genus ''Eptesicus''.
It is found in rocky areas and temperate [desert](/source/desert).
==Taxonomy and etymology==
It was [described](/source/species_description) as a new species in 1869 by German naturalist [Wilhelm Peters](/source/Wilhelm_Peters). Peters placed it in the now-defunct bat genus ''Vesperus'' with a binomial of ''V. bottae''. The [holotype](/source/holotype) was collected in southwestern [Yemen](/source/Yemen).by [Paul-Émile Botta](/source/Paul-%C3%89mile_Botta) in 1837.[{{cite journal| last1= Benda| first1= P.| last2= Al-Jumaily| first2= M. M.| last3= Reiter| first3= A.| last4= Nasher| first4= A. K.| year= 2010| title= Noteworthy records of bats from Yemen with description of a new species from Socotra| journal= Hystrix: The Italian Journal of Mammalogy| volume= 22| issue= 1| url= http://www.nm.cz/admin/files/PM/download/zivotopisy-publikace/benda2011hys.pdf| access-date= 2018-09-26| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170808144945/http://www.nm.cz/admin/files/PM/download/zivotopisy-publikace/benda2011hys.pdf| archive-date= 2017-08-08}}] Botta is the [eponym](/source/eponym) for the [species name](/source/specific_epithet_(zoology)) "''bottae''".[{{cite journal|last=Peters|first=W.| year=1869| title=Las Bemerkungen über neue oder weniger bekannte Flederthiere, besonders des Pariser Museums| trans-title=Comments on new or less well-known bats, especially from the Parisian Museum|language=German| journal= Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin| page=406| url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36276619}}] In 1878, [George Edward Dobson](/source/George_Edward_Dobson) wrote that he considered it [synonymous](/source/synonym_(taxonomy)) with the [serotine bat](/source/serotine_bat), ''Vesperugo'' (=''Eptesicus'') ''serotinus''.[{{cite book| url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37695383| title=Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum| last=Dobson| first=G. E.| year=1878|publisher=Printed by Order of the Trustees| page=191}}] By 1967, it was referred to as its present name combination, ''Eptesicus bottae''.[{{cite journal|last=Lay|first=D. M.| year=1967| title=A study of the mammals of Iran, resulting from the Street Expedition of 1962-63|journal=Fieldiana: Zoology| volume=54|page=233|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2768526}}]
From 1976 until 2006, the closely related species ''[Eptesicus anatolicus](/source/Eptesicus_anatolicus)'' was widely considered a part of ''E. bottae'', despite ''E. anatolicus'' being separately identified in 1971. This conception was largely overturned by Benda and colleagues in 2006.[{{cite journal|last1=Benda|first1=P.|last2=Andreas|first2=M.|last3=Kock|first3=D.|last4=Lučan|first4=R. K.|last5=Munclinger|first5=P.|last6= Nová|first6=P.| last7=Obuch|first7=Ján|last8=Ochman|first8=Katarzyna|last9=Reiter|first9=Antonín|last10=Uhrin|first10=Weinfurtová|year=2006|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235993996 |title=Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 4. Bat fauna of Syria: distribution, systematics, ecology |journal=Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae|volume= 70 |number=1 | pages=1–329}}] Until 2013, [Ognev's serotine](/source/Ognev's_serotine) (''E. ognevi'') was also considered a part of ''E. bottae'', until genetic analyses confirmed both as distinct species.[{{Cite journal|last1=Juste|first1=Javier|last2=Benda|first2=Petr|last3=Garcia-Mudarra|first3=Juan Luis|last4=Ibáñez|first4=Carlos|date=2013|title=Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus Eptesicus, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zsc.12020|journal=Zoologica Scripta|language=en|volume=42|issue=5|pages=441–457|doi=10.1111/zsc.12020|hdl=10261/80441 |s2cid=52950923 |issn=1463-6409|hdl-access=free}}]
==Description==
Individuals weigh {{cvt|8-9|g|oz}} and have wingspans of {{cvt|28.2|cm|in}}.[{{cite book| last1=Kingdon| first1= J.| last2= Happold| first2= D.| last3= Butynski| first3= T.| last4= Hoffmann| first4= M.| last5= Happold| first5= M.| last6= Kalina| first6= J.| date= 2013| title= Mammals of Africa| volume=4| publisher= A&C Black| pages=552–553|isbn=978-1-4081-8996-2}}] It has an average flight speed of {{cvt|5.7|m/s|mi/h}}.[{{cite journal|doi=10.1242/jeb.01528|pmid=15781892|title=Echolocation call intensity in the aerial hawking bat Eptesicus bottae (Vespertilionidae) studied using stereo videogrammetry|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology|volume=208|issue=7|pages=1321–1327|year=2005|last1=Holderied|first1=M. W.|last2=Korine|first2=C.|last3=Fenton|first3=M. B.|last4=Parsons|first4=S.|last5=Robson|first5=S.|last6=Jones|first6=G.|bibcode=2005JExpB.208.1321H |doi-access=free}}]
==Range and habitat==
It is found in several countries bordering the eastern part of the [Mediterranean Sea](/source/Mediterranean_Sea) and the [Middle East](/source/Middle_East). It can be found in [Egypt](/source/Egypt), [Iran](/source/Iran), [Iraq](/source/Iraq), [Israel](/source/Israel), [Jordan](/source/Jordan), [Oman](/source/Oman), [State of Palestine](/source/State_of_Palestine), [Saudi Arabia](/source/Saudi_Arabia), [Syrian Arab Republic](/source/Syrian_Arab_Republic), the [United Arab Emirates](/source/United_Arab_Emirates), [Yemen](/source/Yemen), and possibly [Lebanon](/source/Lebanon). It has been documented at a range of elevations up to {{cvt|2100|m|ft}} above sea level.