# Boleron

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Boleron
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Boleron.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boleron
> Source revision: 1301731796
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Historical region in southwestern Thrace}}
[[File:Seal of Andronikos, protospatharios and krites of Boleron, Strymon, and Thessalonica (Schlumberger, 1891).png|thumb|Seal of Andronikos, ''[protospatharios](/source/protospatharios)'' and ''[krites](/source/krites)'' of Boleron, [Strymon](/source/Strymon_(theme)), and [Thessalonica](/source/Thessalonica_(theme))]]
'''Boleron''' ({{langx|el|Βολερόν}}) was the name of a region and a [Byzantine](/source/Byzantine_Empire) province in southwestern [Thrace](/source/Thrace) during the [Middle Ages](/source/Middle_Ages).

The region is first mentioned in the mid-9th century ''Life of Saint [Gregory of Dekapolis](/source/Gregory_of_Dekapolis)'', and designated the area enclosed between the [Nestos River](/source/Nestos_River) in the west, the [Rhodope Mountains](/source/Rhodope_Mountains) to the north, the Korpiles defile to the east, and the [Aegean Sea](/source/Aegean_Sea) to the south.{{sfn|Gregory|Kazhdan|1991|p=304}} In the early 11th century, it became a distinct administrative unit, but had a chequered history: a ''[dioikesis](/source/dioikesis)'' (fiscal district) in 1047, it is attested as a separate [theme](/source/theme_(Byzantine_district))—with at least two known ''[banda](/source/bandon_(Byzantine_Empire))'', [Mosynopolis](/source/Mosynopolis) and [Peritheorion](/source/Peritheorion)—in 1083, but most often it is found as part of a composite province along with the older themes of [Thessalonica](/source/Thessalonica_(theme)) and [Strymon](/source/Strymon_(theme)).{{sfn|Gregory|Kazhdan|1991|p=304}}

After the [dissolution](/source/Partitio_Romaniae) of the Byzantine Empire following the [Fourth Crusade](/source/Fourth_Crusade), the region fell to the [Kingdom of Thessalonica](/source/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica) and followed its fortunes until its conquest by the [Empire of Nicaea](/source/Empire_of_Nicaea). In ca. 1246, [John III Vatatzes](/source/John_III_Vatatzes) reconstituted Boleron as the separate province of '''Boleron-Mosynopolis'''. In the early 14th century, under the [Palaiologos](/source/Palaiologos) emperors, it was again united with Strymon and Serres into a broader theme, but by 1344 it had declined in status, as a document dated to that year considers Boleron (along with Serres, Strymon, and other localities) a mere ''kastron'' (a small district centred on a fortified settlement), rather than proper themes.{{sfn|Gregory|Kazhdan|1991|p=304}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources==
{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFGregoryKazhdan1991}}
* {{cite journal | last = Chatziantoniou | first = Elisavet | title = Παρατηρήσεις σχετικά με την οικονομική διοίκηση του ''θέματος'' Βολερού, Στρυμόνος και Θεσσαλονίκης (11ος αι.) | trans-title = Observations regarding the Fiscal Administration of the ''theme'' of Boleros, Strymon, and Thessalonike (11th century) | pages = 149–193 | journal = Byzantiaka | volume = 30 | location = Thessaloniki | year = 2012–2013 | publisher = Hellenic Historical Society | url = http://histsociety.web.auth.gr/30-5%20chatziantoniou.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211502/http://histsociety.web.auth.gr/30-5%20chatziantoniou.pdf | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | language= Greek}}
* {{ODB | last1 = Gregory | first1 = Timothy E. | last2 = Kazhdan | first2 = Alexander | title = Boleron | page = 304 }}

{{coord missing|Greece}}

Category:Themes of the Byzantine Empire
Category:Historical regions in Greece
Category:Western Thrace
Category:Geography of medieval Thrace

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Boleron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boleron) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boleron?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.