# Boeing-Stearman Model 75

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American biplane military training aircraft in use 1934 through WWII

Model 75 (Stearman Kaydet) Boeing Stearman N7058Q in U.S. Navy markings General information Type Biplane trainer Manufacturer Stearman Aircraft / Boeing Number built 10,626 (includes model 70, 75 and 76)[1] History Introduction date 1934 Variant American Airmotive NA-75

The **Stearman (Boeing) Model 75** is an American [biplane](/source/Biplane) formerly used as a military [trainer aircraft](/source/Trainer_(aircraft)), of which at least 10,626 were built in the [United States](/source/United_States) during the 1930s and 1940s.[2] [Stearman Aircraft](/source/Stearman_Aircraft) became a [subsidiary](/source/Subsidiary) of [Boeing](/source/Boeing) in 1934. Widely known as the **Stearman**, **Boeing Stearman**, or **Kaydet**, it served as a primary trainer for the [United States Army Air Forces](/source/United_States_Army_Air_Forces), the [United States Navy](/source/United_States_Navy) (as the NS and N2S), and with the [Royal Canadian Air Force](/source/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force) as the Kaydet throughout [World War II](/source/World_War_II). After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civilian market. In the immediate postwar years, they became popular as [crop dusters](/source/Aerial_application) and sports planes, and for [aerobatic](/source/Aerobatics) and [wing walking](/source/Wing_walking) use in [air shows](/source/Air_show).

## Design and development

A [WAVE](/source/WAVES) in a Boeing Stearman N2S United States Navy training aircraft

United States Navy N2S-2 at [NAS Corpus Christi, 1943](/source/Naval_Air_Station_Corpus_Christi)

United States Navy NS-1s of the [NAS Pensacola Flight School](/source/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola), 1936

Boeing Stearman E75 (PT-13D) of 1944

Vintage Boeing-Stearman Model 75, [Breitling SA](/source/Breitling_SA)

Boeing Stearman (PT-13D) of the TALOA in [Dirgantara Mandala Museum](/source/Dirgantara_Mandala_Museum), Indonesia

Boeing Stearman (PT-13) of the Israeli Air Force

United States Navy N2S ambulance at [NAS Corpus Christi](/source/Naval_Air_Station_Corpus_Christi), 1942

Boeing Stearman PT-17, Museum of Historical Studies Institute of Aerospace in Perú – Lima

PT-17 "Kaydet" on display at the [Museum of Aviation](/source/Museum_of_Aviation_(Warner_Robins)), [Robins AFB](/source/Robins_AFB)

Boeing Stearman PT-17 Kaydet – [Aeronautics Museum of Maracay](/source/Aeronautics_Museum_of_Maracay)

In late 1933, Stearman engineers Mac Short, Harold W. Zipp, and J. Jack Clark took a 1931 [Lloyd Stearman](/source/Lloyd_Stearman) design, and added [cantilever](/source/Cantilever) landing gear and adjustable [elevator](/source/Elevator_(aeronautics)) [trim tabs](/source/Trim_tab), to produce the Model 70. Able to withstand +12g and -9g, the aircraft was powered by a 210-hp [Lycoming R-680](/source/Lycoming_R-680), first flew on 1 January 1934, before flight tests were conducted at [Wright Field](/source/Wright_Field), [Naval Air Station Anacostia](/source/Naval_Air_Station_Anacostia), and Pensacola. The Navy then requested a similar model built to Navy specifications, including a 200-hp Wright J-5 engine. The resultant Model 73, was designated NS-1 by the Navy, of which 41 were ordered, including enough spares to build another 20 aircraft.[3]

In the summer of 1934, Stearman engineers refined the Model 73 into the Model X75. The Army Air Corps evaluated the plane that autumn, powered by a 225-hp Wright R-760 or a 225-hp Lycoming R-680. In July 1935, the Army Air Corps ordered 26 with the Lycoming engine, designated the PT-13A, while the navy ordered an additional 20. In August 1936, the Army ordered an additional 50 PT-13As, followed by another 30 in October, and another 28 in December. Simultaneously, the company received orders for its primary trainer from the Argentinian navy, the [Philippine Army Air Corps](/source/Philippine_Army_Air_Corps), and the Brazilian Air Force. In January 1937, the army ordered another 26 PT-13As.[3]

On 6 June 1941, the U.S. government issued Approved [Type Certificate](/source/Type_Certificate) No. 743 for the civilian version of the Model 75. Designated the Model A75L3 (PT-13) and Model A75N1 (PT-17), about 60 were sold to civilian flights schools such as [Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology](/source/Parks_College_of_Engineering%2C_Aviation_and_Technology), and for export.[3]: 148

On 15 March 1941, the company delivered the 1000th trainer to the Army, and the 1001st trainer to the Navy. Then on 27 August 1941, the company delivered the 2000th trainer to the Army. On 27 July 1944, the company delivered its 10,000th primary trainer.[3]: 145–148, 168

The Kaydet was a conventional biplane of rugged construction, with a large, fixed tailwheel undercarriage, and accommodation for the student and instructor in open [cockpits](/source/Cockpit) in tandem. The radial engine was usually not cowled, although some Stearman operators choose to cowl the engine, most notably the [Red Baron Stearman Squadron](https://aerobaticteams.net/en/teams/i137/Red-Baron-Squadron.ht).

## Operational history

### Post-war usage

After World War II, thousands of surplus PT-17s were auctioned off to civilians and former military pilots. Many were modified for crop-dusting use, with a hopper for pesticide or fertilizer fitted in place of the front cockpit. Additional equipment included pumps, spray bars, and nozzles mounted below the lower wings. A popular approved modification to increase the maximum takeoff weight and climb performance involved fitting a larger [Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior](/source/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-985_Wasp_Junior) engine and a [constant-speed propeller](/source/Constant-speed_propeller).

## Variants

*Data from:* United States Navy aircraft since 1911,[4] Boeing aircraft since 1916[5] 8,584 Model 70s, 75s and 76s were built, with additional "spares" bringing the number up to the sometimes quoted 10,346.[1]

### USAAC/USAAF designations

The U.S. Army Air Forces Model 75 Kaydet had three different designations, PT-13, PT-17 and PT-18, depending on which type of radial engine was installed.

**PT-13**
- Initial production version with [Lycoming R-680](/source/Lycoming_R-680)-B4B engine, 26 built in 1936 - **PT-13A** Model A75 with R-680-7 engine, 92 delivered from 1937 to 1938. - **PT-13B** R-680-11 engine, 255 delivered from 1939 to 1941. - **PT-13C** Six PT-13Bs modified for instrument flying. - **PT-13D** Model E75 with R-680-17 engine, 793 delivered

**PT-17**
- Version with [Continental R-670](/source/Continental_R-670)-5 engine, 2,942 delivered. - **PT-17A** 136 PT-17s modified with blind-flying instrumentation. - **PT-17B** Three PT-17s modified with agricultural spraying equipment for pest control near army bases. - **PT-17C** Single PT-17 conversion with standardized Army-Navy equipment.

**PT-18**
- Version with [Jacobs R-755](/source/Jacobs_R-755)-7 engine, 150 built. Further production was cancelled as the engines were needed for other types of trainers. - **PT-18A** Six PT-18s modified with blind-flying instrumentation.

**PT-27**
- USAAF paperwork designation given to 300 D75N1/PT-17 aircraft supplied under [Lend-Lease](/source/Lend-Lease) to the [Royal Canadian Air Force](/source/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force). The last example built, FK108, had a canopy installed.[a][6]

### US Navy designations

**NS**
- Up to 61 Model 73B1 delivered, powered by 220 hp (160 kW) [Wright J-5/R-790 Whirlwind](/source/Wright_R-790_Whirlwind) radials[7]

**N2S**
- Known colloquially as the "Yellow Peril" from its overall yellow paint scheme. - **N2S-1** Model A75N1 with Continental R-670-14 engine, 250 delivered. - **N2S-2** Model B75 with Lycoming R-680-8 engine, 125 delivered in 1941. - **N2S-3** Model B75N1 with Continental R-670-4 engine, 1,875 delivered. - **N2S-4** Model A75N1 with Continental R-670-4 and -5 engines, 457 delivered of 579 ordered, including 99 PT-17s diverted from U.S. Army orders. - **N2S-5** Model E75 with Lycoming R-680-17 engine, 1,450 delivered.

### Company designations

**Stearman 70**
- Company designation for prototype, powered by 215 hp (160 kW) Lycoming radial engine, designated XPT-943 for evaluation[8]

**Model 73**
- Initial production version, 61 built for U.S. Navy as **NS** plus export variants[7] **Model 73L3** - Version for the Philippines, powered by 200 hp (150 kW) R-680-4 or R-680C1 engines, seven built[9] **Model A73B1** - Seven aircraft for [Cuban Air Force](/source/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force) powered by 235 hp (175 kW) [Wright R-790 Whirlwind](/source/Wright_R-790_Whirlwind), delivered 1939–1940[9] **Model A73L3** - Improved version for the Philippines, three built[10]

**Stearman 75**
- (or X75) Evaluated by the U.S. Army as a primary trainer, the X75L3 became the PT-13 prototype. Variants of the 75 formed the PT-17 family.

**Stearman 76**
- Export trainer and armed version of the 75 with a gun ring and one or two fixed forward firing machine guns. **A76B4** - 5 built for Venezuela. **A76C3** - 15 built for Brazil. **B76C3** - 15 built with cameras for Brazil. **76D1** - 16 built for Argentina and three for Philippines as BT-1. **S76D1** - seaplane version of 76D1 for Argentina **76D3** - 24 built for Philippine Constabulary as BT-1 armed advanced trainer, and 24 built for Cuba.

### Other designations

**Stearman XPT-943**
- Designation assigned to the X70 evaluated at Wright Field

**Stearman Kaydet**
- Name used for aircraft in Royal Canadian Air Force service

**[American Airmotive NA-75](/source/American_Airmotive_NA-75)**
- Single-seat agricultural conversion of Model 75, fitted with new, high-lift wings[11]

## Operators

**[Argentina](/source/Argentina)**

- [Argentine Air Force](/source/Argentine_Air_Force)

- [Argentine Navy](/source/Argentine_Navy) received 16 Model 76D1s 1936 to 1937[12] and 60 N2S Kaydet post-war; all were retired by the early 1960s[13]

**[Bolivia](/source/Bolivia)**

- [Bolivian Air Force](/source/Bolivian_Air_Force)[14]

**[Brazil](/source/Brazil)**
- [Brazilian Air Force](/source/Brazilian_Air_Force) Model A75L3 and 76.[15]

**[Canada](/source/Canada)**
- [Royal Canadian Air Force](/source/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force) received 301 PT-27s under Lend Lease.[16]

**[Republic of China](/source/Taiwan)**
- [Republic of China Air Force](/source/Republic_of_China_Air_Force) received 150 PT-17s under Lend-Lease,[17] and 104 refurbished aircraft post war in Taiwan. The ROCAF used them until 1958.[18]

**[Colombia](/source/Colombia)**
- [Colombian Air Force](/source/Colombian_Air_Force)[14]

**[Cuba](/source/Cuba)**

- [Cuban Air Force](/source/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force)[14]

**[Dominican Republic](/source/Dominican_Republic)**

- [Dominican Air Force](/source/Dominican_Air_Force)[14]

**[Greece](/source/Greece)**

- [Hellenic Air Force](/source/Hellenic_Air_Force)

**[Guatemala](/source/Guatemala)**

- [Guatemalan Air Force](/source/Guatemalan_Air_Force)[14]

**[Honduras](/source/Honduras)**

- [Honduran Air Force](/source/Honduran_Air_Force)

**[Iran](/source/Iran)**
- [Imperial Iranian Air Force](/source/History_of_the_Iranian_Air_Force#Imperial_era)

**[Israel](/source/Israel)**
- [Israeli Air Force](/source/Israeli_Air_Force) purchased 20 PT-17s.[19]

**[Mexico](/source/Mexico)**
- [Mexican Air Force](/source/Mexican_Air_Force)

**[Nicaragua](/source/Nicaragua)**
- [Nicaraguan Air Force](/source/Nicaraguan_Air_Force)[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

**[Paraguay](/source/Paraguay)**
- [Paraguayan Air Force](/source/Military_of_Paraguay)[14]

**[Peru](/source/Peru)**
- [Peruvian Air Force](/source/Peruvian_Air_Force)[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

**[Philippines](/source/Philippines)**
- [Philippine Constabulary Air Corps](/source/Philippine_Constabulary)

- [Philippine Army Air Corps](/source/Philippine_Army_Air_Corps)[15]

- [Philippine Air Force](/source/Philippine_Air_Force)

**[United States](/source/United_States)**
- [United States Army Air Corps](/source/United_States_Army_Air_Corps)/[United States Army Air Forces](/source/United_States_Army_Air_Forces)[15]

- [United States Marine Corps](/source/United_States_Marine_Corps)[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

- [United States Navy](/source/United_States_Navy)[15]

**[Venezuela](/source/Venezuela)**
- [Venezuelan Air Force](/source/Venezuelan_Air_Force)[15]

**[Yugoslavia](/source/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia)**
- [Yugoslav Air Force](/source/Yugoslav_Air_Force)

## Surviving aircraft

A considerable number of Stearmans remain in flying condition throughout the world, as the type remains a popular sport plane and [warbird](/source/Warbird).

### Argentina

Argentine Naval Aviation N2S-5 preserved in flight condititon

- 308 – N2S-5 airworthy at the Argentine Naval Aviation Museum in [Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires](/source/Bah%C3%ADa_Blanca%2C_Buenos_Aires).[13]

### Australia

- 75-6488 – B75N1 registered as VH-EYC, airworthy, owned by Steven Bradley, South Australia 5134[20]

- 75-7462 - B75N1 - registered as VH-PWS, airworthy, owned by Michael Murphy, Royal Aero Club of Victoria.

- 75-8314 – E75 Registered as VH-USE, airworthy, owned by Raalin, Western Australia 6208[21]

### Austria

- 75-2606 – Registered as OE-CBM, airworthy

- 75-5032 – PT-17 Registered as OE-AMM, airworthy at [Hangar-7](/source/Hangar-7), [Salzburg](/source/Salzburg)[22]

### Brazil

- K-132 – A75L3 on display at the [Museu Aeroespacial](/source/Museu_Aeroespacial) in [Rio de Janeiro](/source/Rio_de_Janeiro)[23]

- K-210 – A76C3 on display at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro[24]

- 38010 – N2S-3 on display at the [TAM Museum](/source/TAM_Museum) in [São Carlos, São Paulo](/source/S%C3%A3o_Carlos)[25]

### Canada

- 41-8621 – PT-17 airworthy at the [Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum](/source/Canadian_Warplane_Heritage_Museum) in [Hamilton, Ontario](/source/Hamilton%2C_Ontario).[26]

- 42-17456 – PT-13D owned by Daniel Jones of Lacombe, Alberta.[27][28]

- 5284 – N2S-3 under restoration to airworthy with Daniel Jones of [Lacombe, Alberta](/source/Lacombe%2C_Alberta)[29][30]

- 5293 – N2S-3 owned by J. Kurtin of [Collingwood, Ontario](/source/Collingwood%2C_Ontario)[31][32]

- 30083 – N2S-4 on display at the [Reynolds-Alberta Museum](/source/Reynolds-Alberta_Museum) in [Wetaskiwin, Alberta](/source/Wetaskiwin%2C_Alberta)[33][34]

- 61105 – N2S-5 with Bruce Bond of [Sarnia, Ontario](/source/Sarnia%2C_Ontario)[35][36]

- 75-3498 – PT-17 airworthy owned by Great River Aviation Ltd. of [Whitehorse, Yukon](/source/Whitehorse%2C_Yukon) o/a Klondike Airways.[37][38]

- PT-17 airworthy at the [Canadian Aviation Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Aviation_Museum_(Windsor)&action=edit&redlink=1) in [Windsor, Ontario](/source/Windsor%2C_Ontario).[39]

### Colombia

- FAC-62 – PT-17 airworthy[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

- FAC-1995 – PT-17 airworthy[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

### Czech Republic

- 75-3125 – former [RCAF](/source/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force) PT-27 airworthy at [Tocna airport](/source/To%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_Airport)[40]

### Iceland

- T5-1556 – PT-17 is airworthy with Erling Pétur Erlingsson in [Hafnarfjörður, Capital Region](/source/Hafnarfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur). It is the oldest airplane in Iceland. It was brought to the country in 1941 by the aircraft carrier [USS *Wasp*](/source/USS_Wasp_(CV-7)) and damaged in an accident in 1943.[41][42][43]

### Indonesia

- PT-13D is on display at [Dirgantara Mandala Museum](/source/Dirgantara_Mandala_Museum) in [Yogyakarta](/source/Yogyakarta). The aircraft is painted in [Taloa Academy of Aeronautics](/source/Transocean_Air_Lines) livery.[44][45]

### Israel

- 2752 – PT-17 is airworthy at the [Israeli Air Force Museum](/source/Israeli_Air_Force_Museum) in [Hatzerim](/source/Hatzerim_Airbase).[46]

### Mexico

- EPS-6084 – PT-17 on static display at the [Museo Militar de Aviación](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Museo_Militar_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n_(M%C3%A9xico)&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_Militar_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n_(M%C3%A9xico))] in [Santa Lucía, Zumpango](/source/Santa_Luc%C3%ADa%2C_Zumpango).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

### Netherlands

- 75-7027 – PT-13B is airworthy, registered as PH-TOX, owned by Joe Brewer and based at [Oostwold Airport](/source/Oostwold_Airport).[47]

- 75-7213 – N2S-3 is airworthy, registered as N9912H, owned by the Nordsiek family and based at [Breda International Airport](/source/Breda_International_Airport).[48]

- 75-5864 – PT-13D Kaydet is airworthy, registered as N1944S based at [Texel International Airport](/source/Texel_International_Airport)[49]

### New Zealand

- 75-647 – PT-17 airworthy with R. J. S. Jenkins in [Ardmore, Auckland](/source/Ardmore%2C_Auckland).[50]

- 75-2055 – PT-17 airworthy with R. B. Mackley in [Milford](/source/Milford%2C_New_Zealand).[51]

- 75-2100 – PT-17 airworthy with Classic Aircraft Sales Limited in [Blenheim](/source/Blenheim%2C_New_Zealand).[52]

- 75-2724 – PT-17 airworthy with B. L. Govenlock in [Hastings](/source/Hastings).[53]

- 75-3132 – PT-17 airworthy with the Antonievich Family Trust in [Pukekohe](/source/Pukekohe).[54]

- 75-3655 – PT-17 airworthy with M. P. Cantlon in [Mount Maunganui](/source/Mount_Maunganui).[55]

- 75-4245 – PT-17 airworthy with the Strome Farm Trust in [Drury](/source/Drury%2C_New_Zealand).[56]

- 75-5064 – PT-13D airworthy with the Stearman Syndicate in Drury.[57]

- 75-5907 – PT-13D airworthy with Stearman 03 Limited in Mount Maunganui.[58]

- 75-8025A – N2S-3 airworthy with M. J. Dean in Mount Maunganui.[59]

### Peru

- PT-17 is on display at the [Instituto de Estudios Históricos Aeroespaciales del Perú](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Instituto_de_Estudios_Hist%C3%B3ricos_Aeroespaciales_del_Per%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1), Miraflores, Lima.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

### Spain

- PT-13 on display at the [Fundación Infante de Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3n_Infante_de_Orleans&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n_Infante_de_Orleans)] in [Cuatro Vientos, Madrid](/source/Cuatro_Vientos).[60]

- PT-17 on display at the Fundación Infante de Orleans in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.[61]

### Switzerland

- 75-5436 – PT-13D is airworthy, registered as HB-RBG, and based at the Fliegermuseum [Altenrhein](/source/Altenrhein).[62] Built in 1943 and restored to airworthiness in 1989 after sustaining considerable damage during an emergency landing in the grounds of the [Stadler Rail](/source/Stadler_Rail) factory in Altenrhein due to engine failure.[63]

### Taiwan

- PT-17 is on static display at the Aviation Education Exhibition Hall in [Gangshan District, Kaohsiung City](/source/Gangshan_District).[64]

### United States

Boeing-Stearman NS2-S at the [Arkansas Air & Military Museum](/source/Arkansas_Air_%26_Military_Museum) in [Fayetteville, Arkansas](/source/Fayetteville%2C_Arkansas)

Boeing-Stearman Kaydet at the [Air Zoo](/source/Air_Zoo)

Boeing Stearman at the [Cavanaugh Flight Museum](/source/Cavanaugh_Flight_Museum)

Boeing Stearman at the [College Park Aviation Museum](/source/College_Park_Aviation_Museum)

- Model 70 is airworthy at the [Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum](/source/Western_Antique_Aeroplane_%26_Automobile_Museum) in [Hood River, Oregon](/source/Hood_River%2C_Oregon). It is the original prototype of the Model 75.[65]

- 37-0099 – PT-13A is on static display at the [Museum of Flight](/source/Museum_of_Flight) in [Seattle, Washington](/source/Seattle%2C_Washington).[66][67]

- 41-7121 - PT-17 is on static display at the [US Army Aviation Museum](/source/United_States_Army_Aviation_Museum) in [Fort Novosel, Alabama](/source/Fort_Novosel).

- 41-7960 – PT-17 is airworthy at [Mississippi State University](/source/Mississippi_State_University) in [Starkville, Mississippi](/source/Starkville%2C_Mississippi). It is used as a research aircraft and glider tow-plane.[68][69]

- 41-8786 – PT-17 is in storage at the [New England Air Museum](/source/New_England_Air_Museum) in [Windsor Locks, Connecticut](/source/Windsor_Locks%2C_Connecticut).[70]

- 41-8882 – PT-17 on static display at the [Pima Air and Space Museum](/source/Pima_Air_and_Space_Museum) in [Tucson, Arizona](/source/Tucson%2C_Arizona).[71]

- 41-25254 – PT-17 is airworthy at the [Military Aviation Museum](/source/Military_Aviation_Museum) in [Pungo, Virginia](/source/Pungo%2C_Virginia).[72][73][74]

- 41-25284 – PT-17 is on static display at the [Hill Aerospace Museum](/source/Hill_Aerospace_Museum) in [Roy, Utah](/source/Roy%2C_Utah).[75]

- 41-25588 – PT-17 is airworthy at the [Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport](/source/Charles_M._Schulz%E2%80%93Sonoma_County_Airport) in [Santa Rosa, California](/source/Santa_Rosa%2C_California).[76][*[failed verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability)*]

- 41-25623 – PT-17 is on display at [Patriots Point](/source/Patriots_Point) in [Charleston, South Carolina](/source/Charleston%2C_South_Carolina).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

- 42-15687 – PT-27 is on display at the [Vintage Flying Museum](/source/Vintage_Flying_Museum) in [Fort Worth, Texas](/source/Fort_Worth%2C_Texas).[77]

- 42-16365 – PT-17 is on static display at the [Museum of Aviation](/source/Museum_of_Aviation_(Warner_Robins)) in [Warner Robins, Georgia](/source/Warner_Robins%2C_Georgia).[78][75]

- 42-16388 – PT-17D is on static display at the [March Field Air Museum](/source/March_Field_Air_Museum) near [Riverside, California](/source/Riverside%2C_California).[79]

- 42-16691 – PT-17 is on static display at the [Castle Air Museum](/source/Castle_Air_Museum) in [Atwater, California](/source/Atwater%2C_California).[75]

- 42-17591 – PT-13D is on static display at the [Planes of Fame Air Museum](/source/Planes_of_Fame_Air_Museum) in [Chino, California](/source/Chino%2C_California).[80][81][82]

- 42-17724 – PT-13D is on static display at the [National Museum of African American History and Culture](/source/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture) in [Washington, DC](/source/Washington%2C_DC). It was used in 1944 to train members of the Tuskegee Airmen.[83][84][85]

- 42-17763 – PT-13D is on static display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in [Valle, Arizona](/source/Valle%2C_Arizona).[80][81][86]

- 42-17800 – PT-13D is on static display at the [National Museum of the United States Air Force](/source/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force) in [Dayton, Ohio](/source/Dayton%2C_Ohio). This aircraft is the 63rd to last aircraft built and was donated to the museum in 1959 by the [Boeing Aircraft Company](/source/Boeing), which purchased the Stearman Company in 1934.[87][88][89]

- 3514 – N2S-3 is airworthy with Neil Alan Raaz in [Colleyville, Texas](/source/Colleyville%2C_Texas).[90][91]

- 3558 – N2S-2 is under restoration to airworthy condition at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California.[80][81][92]

- 5369 – N2S-3 is on static display at the [National Naval Aviation Museum](/source/National_Naval_Aviation_Museum) in [Pensacola, Florida](/source/Pensacola%2C_Florida). It was flown by [George H. W. Bush](/source/George_H._W._Bush) during his initial training as a naval pilot.[93]

- 7591 – N2S-3 is airworthy at the [Valiant Air Command Warbird Museum](/source/Valiant_Air_Command_Warbird_Museum) in [Titusville, Florida](/source/Titusville%2C_Florida).[94][95]

- 7718 – N2S-3 is airworthy at the [Lone Star Flight Museum](/source/Lone_Star_Flight_Museum) in [Houston, Texas](/source/Houston%2C_Texas).[96][97]

- 15923 – N2S is on static display at the [Carolinas Aviation Museum](/source/Carolinas_Aviation_Museum) in [Charlotte, North Carolina](/source/Charlotte%2C_North_Carolina).[98][*[failed verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability)*]

- 29981 – N2S-4 is on display at the [Air Zoo](/source/Air_Zoo) in [Kalamazoo, Michigan](/source/Kalamazoo%2C_Michigan).[99][100]

- 38278 – N2S-3 is airworthy at the [Tri-State Warbird Museum](/source/Tri-State_Warbird_Museum) in [Batavia, Ohio](/source/Batavia%2C_Ohio).[101][102]

- 38490 – N2S-5 is airworthy at the Lone Star Flight Museum in Houston, Texas.[96][103]

- 43197 – N2S-5 is under restoration to airworthy condition with the [Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing](/source/CAF_Utah_Wing_Museum) in [Heber City, Utah](/source/Heber_City%2C_Utah).[104][105]

- 61064 – N2S-5 on static display at the [Udvar-Hazy Center](/source/Udvar-Hazy_Center) of the [National Air and Space Museum](/source/National_Air_and_Space_Museum) in [Chantilly, Virginia](/source/Chantilly%2C_Virginia).[106][107]

- 92468 – N2S-3 is on static display at the [Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor](/source/Pacific_Aviation_Museum_Pearl_Harbor) in [Honolulu, Hawaii](/source/Honolulu%2C_Hawaii). It was flown by George H. W. Bush during his initial training as a naval pilot.[108][109]

- 75-133 – PT-17 is airworthy at the [Simsbury Airport](/source/Simsbury_Airport) in [Simsbury, Connecticut](/source/Simsbury%2C_Connecticut).

- 75-3845 – PT-27 is under restoration to airworthy condition at the [Texas Air Museum](/source/Texas_Air_Museum) in [Slaton, Texas](/source/Slaton%2C_Texas).[110]

- 75-5337 – PT-13D is airworthy and owned by Sharon D. Smith. It is presumably located in [DeRidder, Louisiana](/source/DeRidder%2C_Louisiana).[111][112]

- 75-7540 – B75N1 is airworthy and resides at the Commemorative Air Force Airbase Arizona, Mesa, Arizona.

- 75-8234 - E75N1 is airworthy, owned by Ageless Aviation Dreams Foundation, Carson City, NV.

- 75-8498 – N2S-5 is airworthy at the CAF Big Easy Wing in [New Orleans, Louisiana](/source/New_Orleans).[113]

- A75N1 – PT-17 is on display at the [College Park Aviation Museum](/source/College_Park_Aviation_Museum) in [College Park, Maryland](/source/College_Park%2C_Maryland). It was flown by [Gus McLeod](/source/Gus_McLeod) for the first open-cockpit flight over the North Pole.[114]

- N2S-3 is on display at the Western Antique Aeroplane and Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon.[115]

- Stearman on display at Scottsdale Airport (KSDL)

## Specifications (PT-17)

3-view line drawing of the Boeing N2S-3

*Data from* United States Military Aircraft since 1909[116]

**General characteristics**

- **Crew:** 2

- **Length:** 24 ft 9 in (7.54 m)

- **Wingspan:** 32 ft 2 in (9.80 m)

- **Height:** 9 ft 8 in (2.95 m)

- **Wing area:** 298 sq ft (27.7 m2)

- **Empty weight:** 1,931 lb (876 kg)

- **Max takeoff weight:** 2,635 lb (1,195 kg)

- **Fuel capacity:** 46 US gal (38 imp gal; 170 L)

- **Powerplant:** 1 × [Continental R-670-5](/source/Continental_R-670-5) 7-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 220 hp (160 kW)

- **Propellers:** 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

**Performance**

- **Maximum speed:** 124 mph (200 km/h, 108 kn)

- **Cruise speed:** 96 mph (154 km/h, 83 kn)

- **Service ceiling:** 13,200 ft (4,000 m)

- **Time to altitude:** 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in 17 minutes 18 seconds

- **Wing loading:** 9.9 lb/sq ft (48 kg/m2)

## In popular culture

Main article: [Aircraft in fiction § Boeing-Stearman Model 75](/source/Aircraft_in_fiction#Boeing-Stearman_Model_75)

## See also

- [Aviation portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviation)

**Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era**

- [Arado Ar 66](/source/Arado_Ar_66)

- [Bücker Bü 131](/source/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131)

- [De Havilland Tiger Moth](/source/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth)

- [Fleet Finch](/source/Fleet_Finch)

- [Focke-Wulf Fw 44](/source/Focke-Wulf_Fw_44)

- [Gotha Go 145](/source/Gotha_Go_145)

- [Naval Aircraft Factory N3N](/source/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_N3N)

- [Repülőgépgyár Levente II](/source/Rep%C3%BCl%C5%91g%C3%A9pgy%C3%A1r_Levente_II)

- [Polikarpov Po-2](/source/Polikarpov_Po-2)

- [PWS-26](/source/PWS-26)

- [Stampe-Vertongen SV.4](/source/Stampe-Vertongen_SV.4)

## References

### Footnotes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** However, extensive publication of pictures of this airframe resulted in the misconception that all PT-27s had canopies.

### Notes

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bowers255_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bowers255_1-1) Bowers, 1989, p.255

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [National Museum of the United States Air Force](/source/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force) gives the figure 10,346 but this includes the equivalent airframes in manufactured spare parts.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ep_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ep_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-ep_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-ep_3-3) Phillips, Edward (2006). *Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History*. North Branch, MN: specialtypress. pp. 118–126. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781580070874](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781580070874).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Swanborough_4-0)** Bowers, Peter M.; Swanborough, Gordon (1990). *United States Navy aircraft since 1911*. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. pp. 494–495. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0870217925](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870217925).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Bowers_5-0)** Bowers, Peter M. (1989). *Boeing aircraft since 1916* (3rd ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 251–269. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0870210372](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0870210372).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Mayborn, Mitch; Bowers, Peter M. (1973). *Stearman Guidebook*. Dallas, Texas: Flying Enterprise Publications. p. 31.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bowers_pp._252–3_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bowers_pp._252–3_8-1) Bowers 1989, pp. 252–253.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Bowers_pp._251–2_9-0)** Bowers 1989, pp. 251–252.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bowers_p._253_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bowers_p._253_10-1) Bowers 1989, p. 253.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Bowers_p._254_11-0)** Bowers 1989, p. 254.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-JAWA65_p._178_12-0)** Taylor 1965, p. 178.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Bowers_p._268_13-0)** Bowers 1989, p. 268.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-BOEING_STEARMAN_N2S_KAYDET_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-BOEING_STEARMAN_N2S_KAYDET_14-1) Núñez Padín, Jorge (2000). ["BOEING STEARMAN N2S KAYDET"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140517145308/http://www.fuerzasnavales.com/magazine/stearman.html). *Fuerzas Navales* (in Spanish). Jorge N. Padín. Archived from [the original](http://www.fuerzasnavales.com/magazine/stearman.html) on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-andrade159_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-andrade159_15-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-andrade159_15-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-andrade159_15-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-andrade159_15-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-andrade159_15-5) Andrade 1979, p. 159

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-andrade158_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-andrade158_16-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-andrade158_16-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-andrade158_16-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-andrade158_16-4) Andrade 1979, p. 158

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Bowers_p._265_17-0)** Bowers 1989, p. 265.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Bowers_p._262_18-0)** Bowers 1989, p. 262.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Bowers_pp._260–1_19-0)** Bowers 1989, pp. 260–261.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Nordeen_p._27_20-0)** Nordeen 1991, p. 27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Civil Aircraft Register entry VH-EYC"](https://www.casa.gov.au/aircraft-register?search_api_views_fulltext=&vh=&field_ar_serial=75-6488). *[Civil Aviation Safety Authority](/source/Civil_Aviation_Safety_Authority)*. Retrieved 27 March 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Civil Aircraft Register entry VH-USE"](https://www.casa.gov.au/aircraft-register?search_api_views_fulltext=&vh=&field_ar_serial=75-8314). *[Civil Aviation Safety Authority](/source/Civil_Aviation_Safety_Authority)*. Retrieved 27 March 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["PT-17 Stearman The Flying Bulls"](https://www.flyingbulls.at/en/fleet/pt-17-stearman). *[The Flying Bulls](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Flying_Bulls&action=edit&redlink=1)*. Retrieved 27 March 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["BOEING STEARMAN A75L3 – Kaydet"](http://www2.fab.mil.br/musal/index.php/aeronaves-em-exposicao/55-avioes/354-kaydet). *Museu Aeroespacial*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["BOEING STEARMAN A76C3"](http://www2.fab.mil.br/musal/index.php/aeronaves-em-exposicao/55-avioes/353-stearman). *Museu Aeroespacial*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 0131 ARA, c/n 75-7631, c/r LV-FGD"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=97884). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["Boeing PT-17 Stearman"](http://www.warplane.com/aircraft/collection/details.aspx?aircraftId=6). *Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details \[C-GVTI\]"](http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/saf-sec-sur/2/ccarcs-riacc/ADet.aspx?id=3076&rfr=RchSimp.aspx). *Transport Canada*. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17456 USAAF, c/n 75-5619, c/r C-GVTI"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=19759). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details \[C-GZAL\]"](http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/saf-sec-sur/2/ccarcs-riacc/ADet.aspx?id=3054&rfr=RchSimp.aspx). *Transport Canada*. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 05284 USN, c/n 75-6458, c/r C-GZAL"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=19787). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details \[C-FOXU\]"](http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/saf-sec-sur/2/ccarcs-riacc/ADet.aspx?id=44982&rfr=RchSimp.aspx). *Transport Canada*. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13B Kaydet, s/n 5293 USN, c/n 75-6467, c/r C-FOXU"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=35293). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** ["Aviation"](https://reynoldsmuseum.ca/aviation). *Reynolds Museum*. Government of Alberta. Retrieved 1 December 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-4 Kaydet, s/n 30083 USN, c/n 75-3522, c/r CF-UWK"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=19071). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** ["Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details \[C-GSDK\]"](http://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/saf-sec-sur/2/ccarcs-riacc/ADet.aspx?id=3074&rfr=RchSimp.aspx). *Transport Canada*. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 61105 USN, c/n 75-5227, c/r C-GSDK"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=19714). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details \[C-GQUA\]"](https://wwwapps.tc.gc.ca/Saf-Sec-Sur/2/CCARCS-RIACC/ADet.aspx?id=3058&rfr=RchSimp.aspx). *Transport Canada*. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** ["Klondike Airways Vintage Biplane Tours – The Stearman"](https://www.klondikeairways.ca/the-stearman/). *Klondike Airways*. Retrieved 16 July 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** ["Boeing Model 75 Stearman"](http://www.canadianaviationmuseum.ca/museum/aircraft/boeing-stearman). *Canadian Aviation Museum*. Retrieved 29 September 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** ["Boeing Stearman | Letiště Točná, Praha"](https://www.tocna.cz/boeing-stearman?lang=en). *Letiště Točná*. Retrieved 21 April 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Aircraft Registry Lookup \[TF-KAU\]"](http://www.icetra.is/aviation/aircraft/register?aq=TF-KAU). *Icelandic Transport Authority*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** Magnússon, Guðmundur (25 April 2019). ["The oldest airplane in Iceland"](http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2019/04/25/elsta_flughaefa_velin_a_islandi). *mbl.is* (in Icelandic). Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** Marteinsson, Ólafur; Marteinsson, Þorsteinn (23 April 2020). ["Stearman, Reykjavík Airfield. March 20, 1943"](http://stridsminjar.is/en/a-list-of-crash-sites-by-year/incidents-in-1943/114-stearman-reykjavik-airfield-march-20-1943). *World War II Crash Sites in Iceland*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** ["Museum TNI AU Dirgantara Mandala Yogyakarta Indonesia"](http://www.aviationmuseum.eu/Blogvorm/museum-pusat-tni-au-dirgantara-mandala/). *aviationmuseum.eu*. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** ["MAAM – The Widow's Web – Recovery"](http://www.maam.org/p61/p61_recovery.htm). *maam.org*. Retrieved 10 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-47)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 2752 IDF, c/n 75-5096, c/r 4X-AIK"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=5657). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** ["Boeing Stearman – Oostwold Airport"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210914160954/https://oostwold-airport.nl/historic-aircraft/historic-aircraft-rides/boeing-stearman/) (in Dutch). Archived from [the original](https://oostwold-airport.nl/historic-aircraft/historic-aircraft-rides/boeing-stearman/) on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-49)** Vlaanderen, Annelies (17 May 2020). ["Historisch vliegtuigje van Seppe naar Schiphol 100 jaar na eerste commerciële vlucht KLM"](https://www.bndestem.nl/roosendaal/historisch-vliegtuigje-van-seppe-naar-schiphol-100-jaar-na-eerste-commerciele-vlucht-klm~abfa329b/). *[BN DeStem](/source/BN_DeStem)*. Retrieved 28 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** ["Aerial Visuals – Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17701 USAAF, c/n 75-5864, c/r N1944S"](https://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=21858). *www.aerialvisuals.ca*. Retrieved 8 September 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-51)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-647"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=RJS). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-52)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-2055"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=BWR). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-53)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-2100"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=KJO). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-54)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-2724"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=STM). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-55)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-3132"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=TGA). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-56)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-3655"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=USN). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-57)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-4245"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=PJS). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-58)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-5064"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=BOE). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-59)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-5907"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=XAF). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-60)** ["Boeing-Stearman A75N1 75-8025A"](https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-registration/aircraft-register-search/querymark?Mark=USA). *[Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand](/source/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_New_Zealand)*. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-61)** ["Boeing Stearman Kaydet – IDA"](http://fio.es/2019/03/27/boeing-stearman-kaydet-aif). *Infante de Orleans*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-62)** ["Boeing – Stearman Kaydet"](http://fio.es/2019/03/27/stearmanfnm). *Infante de Orleans*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-63)** ["Swiss Aircraft Register entry HB-RBG"](https://app02.bazl.admin.ch/web/bazl/en/#/lfr/detail/HB-RBG-3413). *[Federal Office for Civil Aviation of Switzerland](/source/Federal_Office_for_Civil_Aviation_of_Switzerland)*. Retrieved 27 March 2021.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-66)** ["Stearman Model 70"](https://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/240-Stearman-Model-70). *Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-70)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-17 Kaydet, s/n 41-7960 USAAF, c/n 75-1519, c/r N53129"](http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=27031). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-71)** ["Stearman PT-17 (Model 75) 'Kaydet'"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150905094257/http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=905). *New England Air Museum*. Archived from [the original](http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=905) on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-73)** ["OUR WORLD WAR TWO AIRCRAFT"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200513022636/https://militaryaviationmuseum.org/aircraft/wwii-aircraft/). *Military Aviation Museum*. 13 April 2018. Archived from [the original](http://militaryaviationmuseum.org/aircraft/wwii-aircraft) on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-74)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-17 Kaydet, s/n 41-25254 USAAF, c/n 75-2743, c/r N41EE"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=24681). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 24 October 2022.

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NMUSAFLoan_76-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NMUSAFLoan_76-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-NMUSAFLoan_76-2) ["LOANED AIRCRAFT BY LOC"](https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Portals/7/LOANED%20AIRCRAFT%20BY%20LOC.pdf) (PDF). *National Museum of the United States Air Force*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-77)** Hug, Robin (21 March 2012). ["New aviation company flying old planes"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180930154948/http://www.sonomawest.com/the_windsor_times/news/new-aviation-company-flying-old-planes/article_e001d9e2-7379-11e1-8891-001871e3ce6c.html). *Windsor Times*. Archived from [the original](http://www.sonomawest.com/the_windsor_times/news/new-aviation-company-flying-old-planes/article_e001d9e2-7379-11e1-8891-001871e3ce6c.html) on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-79)** ["PT-17 "Kaydet""](http://www.museumofaviation.org/portfolio/pt-17-kaydet). *Museum of Aviation Foundation*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-80)** ["PT-13D Stearman"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200922005249/https://www.marchfield.org/aircraft/trainer/pt-13d-stearman/). *March Field Air Museum*. Archived from [the original](http://www.marchfield.org/aircraft/trainer/pt-13d-stearman) on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-PoFS_81-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-PoFS_81-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-PoFS_81-2) ["Kaydet"](http://planesoffame.org/aircraft/plane-model-75). *Planes of Fame Air Museum*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-PoFA_82-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-PoFA_82-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-PoFA_82-2) ["Flying & Static Aircraft"](http://planesoffame.org/aircraft). *Planes of Fame Air Museum*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-83)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17591 USAAF, c/n 75-5754, c/r N5186N"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=26698). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-84)** ["Training aircraft used by Tuskegee Institute"](http://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2011.82.1-.2). *National Museum of African American History & Culture*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-85)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17724 USAAF, c/n 75-5887, c/r N36360"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=9839). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-86)** Edwards, Owen (November 2011). ["The Tuskegee Airmen Plane's Last Flight"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130419153402/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/The-Tuskegee-Airmen-Planes-Last-Flight.html#ixzz2JToZ35sC). *Smithsonian Magazine*. Archived from [the original](http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/The-Tuskegee-Airmen-Planes-Last-Flight.html#ixzz2JToZ35sC) on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-87)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17763 USAAF, c/n 75-5926, c/r N5279N"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=26943). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-88)** ["Stearman PT-13D Kaydet"](https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196291/stearman-pt-13d-kaydet/). *National Museum of the United States Air Force*. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-89)** ["AIRCRAFT, DRONES AND MISSILES AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE U.S. AIR FORCE"](https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Portals/7/documents/other/nmusaf_alpha_aircraft_list.pdf) (PDF). *National Museum of the United States Air Force*. June 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-90)** ["IMAGE GALLERY"](https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Upcoming/Photos/igphoto/2000833631/mediaid/757905/). *National Museum of the United States Air Force*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-91)** ["FAA Registry \[N75804\]"](http://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?NNumberTxt=75804). *Federal Aviation Administration*. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 24 October 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-92)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 3514 USN, c/n 75-1291, c/r N75804"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=32005). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 24 October 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-93)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-2 Kaydet, s/n 3558 USN, c/n 75-1335, c/r N61445"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29200). *Aerial Visuals*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-94)** ["N2S Kaydet"](http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/aircraft/n2s-kaydet). *National Naval Aviation Museum*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-95)** ["VAC COLLECTION"](http://www.valiantaircommand.com/flyingcollection). *Valiant Air Command, Inc*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-96)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 7591 USN, c/n 75-7195, c/r N5118N"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=26566). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-LSFM_97-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-LSFM_97-1) ["Boeing PT-17 Stearman"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201121183650/https://www.lonestarflight.org/aircraft/boeing-pt-17-stearman). *Lone Star Flight Museum*. Archived from [the original](http://lonestarflight.org/aircraft/boeing-pt-17-stearman) on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-98)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 07718 USN, c/n 75-7322, c/r N84LK"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=33006). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-99)** ["BOEING/STEARMAN PT-17 KAYDET"](http://www.carolinasaviation.org/exhibits/boeing-stearman-pt-17-kaydet). *Carolinas Aviation Museum*. 12 February 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-100)** ["WWII: 1930s-1945"](http://www.airzoo.org/wwii). *Air Zoo*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-101)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-4 Kaydet, s/n 29981 USN, c/n 75-3412, c/r N2PP {2}"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=21923). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-102)** ["Restored Aircraft"](http://www.tristatewarbirdmuseum.org). Tri-State Warbird Museum. Retrieved 27 July 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-103)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman Kaydet, s/n 38278 USN, c/n 75-7899, c/r N224DF"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=7623). *AerialVisuals.ca*. www.AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 25 April 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-104)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 38490 USN, c/n 75-8111, c/r N75272"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=31896). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-105)** ["Boeing Stearman N2S / PT-13 / PT-17"](http://www.cafutahwing.org/cafutstearman.html). *Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-106)** ["Challenge Coin Stearman 75-8291"](http://www.cafutahwing.org/coin-stearman-75-8291.html). *Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-107)** ["Boeing-Stearman N2S-5 Kaydet"](http://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/boeing-stearman-n2s-5-kaydet/nasm_A19610113000). *National Air and Space Museum*. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 12 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-108)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 61064 USN, c/n 75-5186"](http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=31714). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-109)** ["Boeing N2S-3 Stearman (Trainer)"](http://www.pearlharboraviationmuseum.org/exhibits/boeing-n2s-3-stearman-trainer). *Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-110)** ["2012 Annual Report"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150905081429/http://www.pacificaviationmuseum.org/img/annualreports/2012PAM_annualreport.pdf) (PDF). *PacificAviationMuseum.org*. Pacific Aviation Museum. Archived from [the original](http://www.pacificaviationmuseum.org/img/annualreports/2012PAM_annualreport.pdf) (PDF) on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-111)** ["Facebook"](https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=968903450786444&set=a.791071588569632). *[Facebook](/source/Facebook)*. Retrieved 16 April 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-112)** ["FAA Registry"](http://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=N13SS). *Federal Aviation Administration*. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 29 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-113)** ["Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17174 USAAF, c/n 75-5337, c/r N13SS"](https://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=20623). *Aerial Visuals*. Retrieved 29 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-114)** ["The Stearman"](https://bigeasywing.org/the-stearman/). *Commemorative Air Force-Big Easy Wing*. 4 September 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-115)** ["1941 Boeing A75N1/PT-17 "Stearman""](https://web.archive.org/web/20230830155832/https://www.mncppc.org/1656/1941-Boeing-A75N1PT-17-Stearman). College Park Aviation Museum (M-NCPPC). Archived from [the original](https://www.mncppc.org/1656/1941-Boeing-A75N1PT-17-Stearman) on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-116)** ["Stearman N2S-3"](http://www.waaamuseum.org/collections/airplanes/710-stearman-n2s-3). *Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum*. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Swan_Mil_p._443_117-0)** Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 443.

### Bibliography

- Andrade, John. *U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909*, Midland Counties Publications, 1979, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0 904597 22 9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0_904597_22_9)

- Avis, Jim and Bowman, Martin. *Stearman: A Pictorial History*. Motorbooks, 1997. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-7603-0479-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-0479-3).

- [Bowers, Peter M.](/source/Peter_M._Bowers) *Boeing Aircraft since 1916*. London:Putnam, 1989. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-85177-804-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-804-6).

- Nordeen, Lon. *Fighters Over Israel*. London: Guild Publishing, 1991.

- Phillips, Edward H. *Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History*. Specialty Press, 2006. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-58007-087-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58007-087-6).

- Sapienza, Antonio Luis (May 2001). "L'aviation militare paraguayenne durant la seconde guerre mondiale" [Paraguayan Military Aviation During the Second World War]. *Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire* (in French) (98): 30–33. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1243-8650](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650).

- Swanborough, F.G. and Peter M. Bowers. *United States Military Aircraft since 1909*. London: Putnam, 1963.

- [Taylor, John W. R.](/source/John_W._R._Taylor) *Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66*. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965.

- *United States Air Force Museum*. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975.

### Videography

- Stearman, Lloyd. *Stearmans, You Gotta Love Them*. Lap Records, 2005. ([NTSC](/source/NTSC) Format)

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Boeing Stearman Kaydet](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Stearman_Kaydet).

External videos Primary Flight Training: Attitudes of Flight (Part 1) – training film featuring the N2S

- [Interview with Boeing PT-17 air show pilot John Mohr.](http://media.libsyn.com/media/airspeed/AirspeedMohr.mp3)

- [Netherlander Hans Nordsiek's "The Storyteller" homepage, featuring his "Old Crow" Stearman biplane](http://www.thestoryteller.nl/)

- [FAA Type Certificate](http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/1b66a9575ec373858525673000457610/$FILE/A-743.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161113001906/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/1b66a9575ec373858525673000457610/$FILE/A-743.pdf) 2016-11-13 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

v t e Stearman Aircraft Aircraft C1 C2 C3 M-2 LT-1 CAB-1 4 5 6 X-70 73 75 76 80 81 Sportster X-85 X-90 X-91 X-100 X-120 200 Military designations A-21 AT-15 BT-3 BT-5 BT-17 L-15 NS N2S OSS PT-9 PT-13 PT-17 PT-18 PT-27 XPT-943 Companies Stearman Aircraft United Aircraft and Transport Corporation Boeing Spirit AeroSystems

v t e Boeing aircraft model numbers Aircraft 1 2 3 4 5 6 6D/E 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 311 312 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 345-2/4/31 346 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 -76 367-80 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 490 493 495 497 498 701 707 -020 717 (I) -100/146/148/166 717 (II) 720 727 733 737 -253 Classic Next Generation -700W -800A MAX 739 747 SP -2G4B -400 -4G4F -8 757 -2G4 767 777 X 787 814 815 818 820 831 844 853-21 953 1041 1044 1046 1074 1080 2000 2020 2707 Turbine engines 8C 500 502 520 550 Missiles 600 601 602 621 624 631 641 Vessels 929 Other Boeing customer codes

v t e United States trainer aircraft designations, Army/Air Force and Tri-Service systems Advanced trainer (1925–1948) AT-1 AT-2 AT-3 AT-4 AT-5 AT-6 AT-7 AT-8 AT-9 AT-10 AT-11 AT-12 AT-13 AT-14 AT-15 AT-16 AT-17 AT-18 AT-19 AT-20 AT-21 AT-22 AT-23 AT-24 Basic combat (1936–1940) BC-1 BC-2 BC-3 Basic trainer (1930–1948) BT-1 BT-2 BT-3 BT-4 BT-5 BT-6 BT-7 BT-8 BT-9 BT-10 BT-11 BT-12 BT-13 BT-14 BT-15 BT-16 BT-17 Primary trainer (1924–1948) PT-1 PT-2 PT-3 PT-4 PT-5 PT-6 PT-7 PT-8 PT-9 PT-10 PT-11 PT-12 PT-13 PT-14 PT-15 PT-16 PT-17 PT-18 PT-19 PT-20 PT-21 PT-22 PT-23 PT-24 PT-25 PT-26 PT-27 Main sequence (1948–present) 1948 redesignations T-6 T-7 T-11 T-132 T-13A T-13B/D T-17 T-19 New designations T-28 T-29 T-30 T-31 T-32 T-33 T-34 T-35 T-36 T-37 T-38 T-39 T-40 T-412 Grumman T-41 Cessna T-41 T-42 T-43 T-44 T-45 T-46 T-472 T-47A OT-47B T-482 YT-48 T-48TS T-49 T-50 T-51 T-52 T-53 T-54 Alternate sequences 1962 redesignations T-1 T-2 Since 1990 T-1 T-21 T-3 T-41 T-51 T-6 T-7 1 Not assigned • 2 Assigned to multiple types

v t e USN/USMC trainer aircraft designations pre–1962 N-series (1922–1948) Boeing NB N2B Curtiss NC1 N2C Piper NE Huff-Daland HN Howard NH North American NJ Keystone NK Langley NL Martin NM1 N2M Naval Aircraft Factory NN1 N2N N3N N4N1 XN5N Spartan NP Fairchild NQ Ryan NR Stearman NS N2S New Standard NT Timm NT2 N2T Consolidated NY N2Y N3Y N4Y T-series (1948–1962) Edo TE Grumman TF -1W North American TJ T2J T3J Lockheed TO Temco TT Lockheed TV-1 TV-2 T2V 1 Not assigned 2 Assigned to a different manufacturer's type

v t e Wright Field project numbers (1930–1934) XP-900 XB-901 XP-902 XP-903 XP-904 9051 XB-906 XB-907 XB-908 XC-909 XC-910 XO-911 XPT-912 XPT-913 XPT-914 XPT-915 9161 XB-917 XC-918 9191 XC-920 XB-921 9221 XP-923 XO-924 XP-925 XO-926 XP-927 XC-928 XP-929 XPT-930 XPT-931 XO-932 XPT-933 XP-934 XBT-935 XP-936 XBT-937 XP-938 XO-939 XP-940 XC-941 XC-942 XPT-943 XP-944 XPT-945 9461 9471 XP-948 9491 XB-950 1 Not assigned

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Boeing-Stearman Model 75](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.