# Bodden

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{{Short description|Bodies of water near the Baltic Sea}}
{{other uses}}
{{see also|Haff (lagoon)}}
[[File:Hiddensee Landsat.jpg|thumb|200px|Part of the West Rügen bodden chain (centre), separated from the [Baltic Sea](/source/Baltic_Sea) (left) by the seahorse-shaped island of [Hiddensee](/source/Hiddensee); seen from [Landsat](/source/Landsat)]]
[[File:Zeesenboot Bodden.jpg|thumb|200px|[Zeesenboot](/source/Zeesenboot), a traditional type of fishing boat used in bodden areas]]
[[File:Hiddensee, Kloster (2011-05-21).JPG|thumb|200px|Island of [Hiddensee](/source/Hiddensee), Vitte Lagoon in the rear, [Baltic Sea](/source/Baltic_Sea) beach in the front.]]
[[File:Fischland Luftbild.jpg|thumb|200px|Aerial view of [Saaler Bodden](/source/Saaler_Bodden) with Permin Bay, separated from the [Baltic Sea](/source/Baltic_Sea) (bottom left) by the narrow [Fischland](/source/Fischland) peninsula]]

'''Bodden''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɔdn̩|-|De-Bodden.ogg}}) are [briny](/source/Brackish_water) bodies of [water](/source/water) often forming [lagoon](/source/lagoon)s, along the southwestern shores of the [Baltic Sea](/source/Baltic_Sea), primarily in [Germany](/source/Germany)'s state of [Mecklenburg-Vorpommern](/source/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). These lagoons can be found especially around the island of [Rügen](/source/R%C3%BCgen), [Usedom](/source/Usedom) and the [Fischland-Darss-Zingst](/source/Fischland-Darss-Zingst) peninsula. Some of them are protected reserves, forming the [Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park](/source/Western_Pomerania_Lagoon_Area_National_Park).

They have a distinctive geological origin and are enclosed by peninsulae, [spits](/source/Spit_(landform)) and islands, leaving only narrow connections to adjacent bodden or the open sea. Freshwater inflow from the mainland and saltwater inflow from the open sea, which depends on wind direction and force as well as the proximity of the bodden to the sea, result in fluctuating salt gradients and distinctive ecosystems.

During the [Littorina Sea](/source/Littorina_Sea) transgression, an island [archipelago](/source/archipelago) was formed by the carving of narrow glacial basins and channels resulting from [meltwater](/source/meltwater). Bodden were formed in a comparatively short period between spits and offshore sandbars. These shallow glacial scoops were then subjected to extensive sedimentation during the [Holocene](/source/Holocene), resulting in lakes with depths of no more than 4–6 metres. Thermal and saline stratification is extremely unstable under these conditions, and bodden have the typical dynamics of small bodies of water with a sea connection, which is a rapid filling and draining due to tidal and wind action, and inflow of fresh water. The frequent movement of water can lead to a scouring effect, but can also with heavy pollution show a tendency toward [eutrophication](/source/eutrophication).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lampe |first=R. |year=1990 |title=Symposium in Greifswald: The "Bodden" waters of the GDR — natural conditions and problems of their usage |url=https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00174986 |journal=GeoJournal |volume=20 |issue=4 |page=428 |doi=10.1007/BF00174986 |bibcode=1990GeoJo..20..428L |s2cid=153591927|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Due to erosion of cliffs and sedimentary deposition, the shape of the bodden coasts remains unstable. Sudden changes have been caused by stormfloods, which repeatedly closed connections to the sea or opened new ones in the past.

Bodden-type bays can be found in [Mecklenburg](/source/Mecklenburg), and in [Denmark](/source/Denmark), where they are called [Nor](/source/Nor_(landform)) ([da](/source/%3Ada%3ANor)). However, the most typical bodden are located off the Pomeranian mainland between the mouth of the [Recknitz](/source/Recknitz) river and the island of [Usedom](/source/Usedom). Several adjacent bodden between the [Fischland-Darß-Zingst](/source/Fischland-Dar%C3%9F-Zingst) peninsula, [Hiddensee](/source/Hiddensee), the northern and western peninsulae of [Rügen](/source/R%C3%BCgen) and the Pomeranian mainland are grouped as Bodden chains (''Boddenketten''):
* '''[Darss-Zingst Bodden Chain](/source/Darss-Zingst_Bodden_Chain)''' (''Darß-Zingster Boddenkette''), consisting of (from west to east)
** [Saaler Bodden](/source/Saaler_Bodden) with [Ribnitzer See](/source/Ribnitzer_See) and [Permin](/source/Permin), connected by [Koppelstrom](/source/Koppelstrom) to
** [Bodstedter Bodden](/source/Bodstedter_Bodden) with [Redensee](/source/Redensee) and [Prerower Strom](/source/Prerower_Strom), connected by [Meiningen](/source/Meiningen_(Bodden)) to
** [Barther Bodden](/source/Barther_Bodden) with [Zingster Strom](/source/Zingster_Strom)
** [Grabow](/source/Grabow_(Bodden))
* '''[West Rügen bodden](/source/West_R%C3%BCgen_bodden) chain''' (''Westrügensche Boddenkette'' or ''Rügensche Außenboddenkette''), consisting of (from south to north)
** [Kubitzer Bodden](/source/Kubitzer_Bodden) with [Prohner Wiek](/source/Prohner_Wiek) and [Gellenstrom](/source/Gellenstrom)
** [Schaproder Bodden](/source/Schaproder_Bodden) with [Udarser Wiek](/source/Udarser_Wiek) and [Koselower See](/source/Koselower_See)
** [Vitter Bodden](/source/Vitter_Bodden), connected to the Baltic Sea by [Libben](/source/Libben)
* '''[North Rügen bodden](/source/North_R%C3%BCgen_bodden) chain''' (''Nordrügensche Boddenkette''), consisting of (from west to east)
** [Wieker Bodden](/source/Wieker_Bodden), connected by [Rassower Strom](/source/Rassower_Strom) to Schaproder Bodden and
** [Breetzer Bodden](/source/Breetzer_Bodden) with [Neuendorfer Wiek](/source/Neuendorfer_Wiek),
** [Breeger Bodden](/source/Breeger_Bodden)
** [Lebbiner Bodden](/source/Lebbiner_Bodden) with [Tetzitzer See](/source/Tetzitzer_See)
** [Großer Jasmunder Bodden](/source/Gro%C3%9Fer_Jasmunder_Bodden) with [Mittelsee](/source/Mittelsee) and [Spykerscher See](/source/Spykerscher_See), connected by a narrow ditch to
** [Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden](/source/Kleiner_Jasmunder_Bodden)

Another bodden is the [Bay of Greifswald](/source/Bay_of_Greifswald) (''Greifswalder Bodden''), the northern parts of which constitute the [Rügischer Bodden](/source/R%C3%BCgischer_Bodden) with [Schoritzer Wiek](/source/Schoritzer_Wiek), [Wreechensee](/source/Wreechensee), [Having Inlet](/source/Having_(inlet)) with [Neuensiener See](/source/Neuensiener_See) and [Selliner See](/source/Selliner_See_(R%C3%BCgen)), and [Hagensche Wiek](/source/Hagensche_Wiek). To the south, the Bay of Greifswald comprises [Gristower Inwiek](/source/Gristower_Inwiek), [Kooser See](/source/Kooser_See) and [Dänische Wieck](/source/D%C3%A4nische_Wieck) (''Danish Bay'').

The Bay of Greifswald is connected to the West Rügen bodden chain by the [Strelasund](/source/Strelasund), a bodden-type strait with [Glewitzer Wiek](/source/Glewitzer_Wiek), [Puddeminer Wiek](/source/Puddeminer_Wiek) and [Deviner See](/source/Deviner_See); it is further connected to the [Oder Lagoon](/source/Oder_Lagoon) by the [Peenestrom](/source/Peenestrom), another bodden-type strait with [Spandowerhagener Wiek](/source/Spandowerhagener_Wiek), [Krösliner See](/source/Kr%C3%B6sliner_See), [Hohendorfer See](/source/Hohendorfer_See), [Krumminer Wiek](/source/Krumminer_Wiek) and [Achterwasser](/source/Achterwasser).

The bodden are important sanctuaries for many species of birds and are especially important resting places for migratory birds like cranes and geese. This was the reason for the establishment of the [Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park](/source/Western_Pomerania_Lagoon_Area_National_Park) (''Nationalpark Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft''), comprising most of the bodden between [Darß](/source/Dar%C3%9F) and [Rügen](/source/R%C3%BCgen).

Traditionally bodden have been good fishing areas, rich in [Mesolithic](/source/Mesolithic) community sites, in particular the [Pomerania](/source/Pomerania)n bodden of [Rügen](/source/R%C3%BCgen), [Greifswald](/source/Greifswald) and [Peenestrom](/source/Peenestrom). From these waters anglers regularly land 10–15&nbsp;kg [pike](/source/Northern_pike).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.boot.de/cipp/md_boot/custom/pub/content,lang,2/oid,14329/ticket,g_u_e_s_t/~/The_Bodden_-_where_the_big_pikes_live.html |title=The Bodden - where the big pike live |access-date=2008-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230925/http://www.boot.de/cipp/md_boot/custom/pub/content,lang,2/oid,14329/ticket,g_u_e_s_t/~/The_Bodden_-_where_the_big_pikes_live.html |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*''Harvesting the Sea, Farming the Forest'' by Marek Zvelebil, Lucyna Domańska, Robin Dennell

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UerIVDTAYDA YouTube - Angling in the Bodden]

{{Coastal geography}}

{{Authority control}}
Category:Boddens
Category:Baltic Sea
Category:Lagoons

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bodden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodden) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodden?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.