# Bob Cottam > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Bob_Cottam > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Bob_Cottam.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Cottam > Source revision: 1356189203 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|English cricketer (born 1944)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Use British English|date=May 2012}} {{Infobox cricketer | name = Bob Cottam | image = | country = England | fullname = Robert Michael Henry Cottam | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|10|16|df=yes}} | birth_place = [Cleethorpes](/source/Cleethorpes), [Lincolnshire](/source/Lincolnshire), England | family = [Andy Cottam](/source/Andy_Cottam) (son)
[Michael Cottam](/source/Michael_Cottam) (son) | heightft = 6 | heightinch = 3{{cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002511/19610706/302/0022|title=Fast Bowler Adrift?|work=[Harrow Observer](/source/Harrow_Observer)|page=22|date=6 July 1961|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=[British Newspaper Archive](/source/British_Newspaper_Archive)}} | international = true | testdebutdate = 21 February | testdebutyear = 1969 | testdebutagainst = Pakistan | testcap = 441 | lasttestdate = 30 December | lasttestyear = 1972 | lasttestagainst = India | batting = Right-handed | bowling = Right-arm [fast-medium](/source/Fast_bowling) | club1 = [Hampshire](/source/Hampshire_County_Cricket_Club) | year1 = 1963–1971 | club2 = [Northamptonshire](/source/Northamptonshire_County_Cricket_Club) | year2 = 1972–1976 | club3 = [Devon](/source/Devon_County_Cricket_Club) | year3 = 1977–1978 | columns = 3 | column1 = [Test](/source/Test_cricket) | matches1 = 4 | runs1 = 27 | bat avg1 = 6.75 | 100s/50s1 = 0/0 | top score1 = 13 | deliveries1 = 903 | wickets1 = 14 | bowl avg1 = 23.35 | fivefor1 = 0 | tenfor1 = 0 | best bowling1 = 4/50 | catches/stumpings1 = 2/– | column2 = [FC](/source/First-class_cricket) | matches2 = 289 | runs2 = 1,278 | bat avg2 = 6.98 | 100s/50s2 = 0/1 | top score2 = 62[*](/source/not_out) | deliveries2 = 53,053 | wickets2 = 1,010 | bowl avg2 = 20.91 | fivefor2 = 58 | tenfor2 = 6 | best bowling2 = 9/25 | catches/stumpings2 = 153/– | column3 = [LA](/source/List_A_cricket) | matches3 = 133 | runs3 = 262 | bat avg3 = 5.57 | 100s/50s3 = 0/0 | top score3 = 23[*](/source/not_out) | deliveries3 = 6,605 | wickets3 = 180 | bowl avg3 = 22.55 | fivefor3 = 8 | tenfor3 = 0 | best bowling3 = 4/9 | catches/stumpings3 = 37/– | date = 9 May | year = 2010 | source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/10824.html ESPNcricinfo }} '''Robert Michael Henry Cottam''' (born 16 October 1944) is an English former professional cricketer who played in four [Test matches](/source/Test_cricket) between 1969 and 1972 and in English county cricket with [Hampshire](/source/Hampshire_County_Cricket_Club) from 1963 to 1971 and [Northamptonshire](/source/Northamptonshire_County_Cricket_Club) from 1972 to 1976, before spending two years playing [minor counties cricket](/source/National_Counties_(cricket)) with [Devon](/source/Devon_County_Cricket_Club) in 1977 and 1978. Brown was born in Cowley and made his debut in first-class cricket for Hampshire in 1908. During the 1960s with Hampshire, Cottam was part of a three-pronged pace [bowling](/source/bowling_(cricket)) attack that consisted of himself, [Derek Shackleton](/source/Derek_Shackleton), and [Butch White](/source/Butch_White). Against [Lancashire](/source/Lancashire_County_Cricket_Club) in the [1965 County Championship](/source/1965_County_Championship), he took figures of 9 wickets for 25 runs, the best innings bowling figures by a Hampshire player as of {{year}}. He made his Test debut for [England](/source/England_cricket_team) against [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan_national_cricket_team) in February 1969 on the [winter tour to Ceylon and Pakistan](/source/English_cricket_team_in_Ceylon_and_Pakistan_in_1968%E2%80%9369), playing two of the three Test matches on the tour and finishing as England's leading wicket-taker. Having felt unsettled at Hampshire, Cottam moved to Northamptonshire ahead of the [1972 season](/source/1972_English_cricket_season). While playing for Northamptonshire, Cottam earned a recall to the Test team, playing two further Test matches against [India](/source/India_national_cricket_team) on the [1972–73 winter tour](/source/English_cricket_team_in_India%2C_Pakistan_and_Sri_Lanka_in_1972%E2%80%9373). He left Northamptonshire at the end of the [1976 season](/source/1976_English_cricket_season), and briefly played minor counties cricket for Devon. In 289 [first-class matches](/source/first-class_cricket), he took over 1,000 wickets, and in 133 [List A one-day matches](/source/List_A_cricket) he took 180 wickets. At Test level, he took 14 wickets. Moving into coaching, Cottam was the National Cricket Association's chief coach for the [West Country](/source/West_Country). In 1988, he was appointed cricket manager at [Warwickshire](/source/Warwickshire_County_Cricket_Club), where he won the [1989 NatWest Trophy](/source/1989_NatWest_Trophy). He left the county at the end of the [1991 season](/source/1991_English_cricket_season), following a dispute with its [captain](/source/captain_(cricket)) [Andy Lloyd](/source/Andy_Lloyd_(cricketer)) and their cricket committee. He then joined Somerset as their director of coaching in December 1991, a role he held until the conclusion of the [1996 season](/source/1996_English_cricket_season). After leaving Someset, he was bowling coach for the England team between 1998 and 2001, later assisting [Scotland](/source/Scotland_national_cricket_team) in 2005. ==Early life== Cottam was born in [Cleethorpes](/source/Cleethorpes) on 16 October 1944. His family moved south to [Alperton](/source/Alperton) near [Wembley](/source/Wembley) as a child, where he was educated at Lyon Park Primary School and [captained](/source/captain_(cricket)) a combined Wembley Primary Schools side. He then spent a year at [Alperton County School](/source/Alperton_Community_School), before his parents relocated to [Berkshire](/source/Berkshire), where Cottam was attended [The Piggott School](/source/The_Piggott_School),{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002471/19770726/308/0016|title=Berks First After Child Decides He's Fit|work=[Reading Evening Post](/source/Reading_Post)|page=16|date=26 July 1977|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} and represented combined Berkshire schools.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003511/19631213/225/0016|title=Big Chance for Stuart Lott|work=Reading Standard|page=16|date=13 December 1963|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He received coaching from [Alf Gover](/source/Alf_Gover) and at the [Middlesex](/source/Middlesex_County_Cricket_Club) indoor school in [Finchley](/source/Finchley); despite the latter, he came to the attention of [Hampshire](/source/Hampshire_County_Cricket_Club), and began playing for their Second XI in 1961. ==Cricket career== ===Early years at Hampshire=== Cottam made his debut in first-class cricket for Hampshire against [Kent](/source/Kent_County_Cricket_Club) at [Southampton](/source/County_Ground%2C_Southampton) in the [1963 County Championship](/source/1963_County_Championship).{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/First-Class_Matches.html|title=First-Class Matches Played by Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} With fast bowler [Derek Shackleton](/source/Derek_Shackleton) playing for [England](/source/England_cricket_team) during the summer, Cottam gained opportunities to play in the first team throughout the summer,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002136/19630623/280/0033|title=Sydenham May Get a Shock|work=[Sunday Mirror](/source/Sunday_Mirror)|location=London|page=33|date=23 June 1963|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} making 13 appearances in the Championship. With his right-arm [fast-medium bowling](/source/Fast_bowling), he took 48 wickets at a [bowling average](/source/bowling_average) of 24.04; he took [five-wickets or more](/source/five-wicket_haul) in an [innings](/source/innings) on three occasions,{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/f_Bowling_by_Season.html|title=First-Class Bowling in Each Season by Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} with his season-best figures of 6 wickets for 10 runs taking Hampshire to victory against [Leicestershire](/source/Leicestershire_County_Cricket_Club) at [Portsmouth](/source/United_Services_Recreation_Ground) in August.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000769/19630820/407/0034|title=Cottam's Best|work=[Coventry Evening Telegraph](/source/Coventry_Telegraph)|page=34|date=20 August 1963|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He played less in the first eleven during the [1964 season](/source/1964_English_cricket_season), making 11 appearances and taking 25 wickets at 27.52. He debuted in [List A one-day cricket](/source/List_A_cricket) in 1964, against [Wiltshire](/source/Wiltshire_County_Cricket_Club) in the first round of the [1964 Gillette Cup](/source/1964_Gillette_Cup), with his 4 for 9 leading Hampshire to victory.{{cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002134/19640505/334/0016|title=K.O. Cup Boost for Durham|work=[Birmingham Daily Post](/source/Birmingham_Post)|date=5 May 1964|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He then played in their second-round defeat to [Warwickshire](/source/Warwickshire_County_Cricket_Club).{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/List_A_Matches.html|title=List A Matches Played by Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} Cottam established himself in the side in 1965, making 22 first-class appearances. Against [Lancashire](/source/Lancashire_County_Cricket_Club) in the [County Championship](/source/1965_County_Championship) at [Old Trafford](/source/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground), he took 9 for 25 in their first innings to trigger a batting collapse from 102 for 2 to 136 all out;{{sfn|Martin-Jenkins|1996|page=204}}{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000769/19650610/578/0049|title=Cottam Takes 9–25 Against Lancs.|work=Coventry Evening Telegraph|page=49|date=10 June 1965|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} in Lancashire's unsuccessful chase of 116 runs, Cottam did not take any further wickets.{{cite web|url=https://www.utilitabowl.com/cricket/match-highlights-all/club/records-and-achievements/bowling-records/|title=Bowling Records|publisher=[Hampshire County Cricket Club](/source/Hampshire_County_Cricket_Club)|access-date=19 May 2026}} His 9 for 25 were the best innings figures by a Hampshire bowler, a record which remains as of {{year}}. Across the season, he took 73 wickets at 18.31, with three further five-wicket hauls; he took [ten-wickets in a match](/source/ten-wicket_haul) for the first time, against [Kent](/source/Kent_County_Cricket_Club) in July, taking 6 for 38 and 4 for 36.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/27/27676.html|title=Kent v Hampshire, County Championship 1965|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} In one-day cricket, he made three appearances in Hampshire's run to the quarter-final of the [Gillette Cup](/source/1965_Gillette_Cup), taking 8 wickets at 14.37.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/a_Bowling_by_Season.html|title=List A Bowling in Each Season by Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} Cottam's form in 1965 led to speculation that he might be selected for [England's winter tour to Australia](/source/English_cricket_team_in_Australia_in_1965%E2%80%9366), but he was not chosen in the 12-man touring party.{{cite news|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS50555138/TTDA?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-TTDA&pg=3&xid=cdd784aa|title=Parfitt And Cartwright In England Test 12|work=[The Times](/source/The_Times)|location=London|page=3|issue=56389|date=2 August 1965|url-access=subscription|via=[Gale](/source/Gale_(publisher))}} At the beginning of the [1966 season](/source/1966_English_cricket_season), he played for the [Marylebone Cricket Club](/source/Marylebone_Cricket_Club) (MCC) against [Yorkshire](/source/Yorkshire_County_Cricket_Club) at [Lord's](/source/Lord's). For Hampshire that season, he made 18 appearances in the [County Championship](/source/1966_County_Championship), taking 61 wickets at 19.32.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/0/County_Championship_1966/Hampshire_Bowling.html|title=Bowling for Hampshire, County Championship 1966|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=19 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} He also made four one-day appearances in Hampshire's run to the semi-final in the [Gillette Cup](/source/1966_Gillette_Cup), taking 9 wickets at 17.22. Cottam took over a hundred first-class wickets in the [1967 season](/source/1967_English_cricket_season), with 102 from 28 matches, averaging 19.76. Across the season, he took five or more wickets in an innings on five occasions, with best figures of 7 for 50 against [Nottinghamshire](/source/Nottinghamshire_County_Cricket_Club) in the [County Championship](/source/1967_County_Championship) in May,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003893/19670526/024/0024|title=Notts Hit Back, and Take Quick Wickets|first=Neville|last=Foulger|work=[Nottingham Evening Post](/source/Nottingham_Post)|page=24|date=26 May 1967|access-date=20 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} in a performance the ''[Nottingham Evening Post](/source/Nottingham_Post)'' desrcibed as "hostile".{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003893/19670601/022/0022|title=Brisk Start — Then Cottam Strikes|first=Neville|last=Foulger|work=Nottingham Evening Post|page=22|date=1 June 1967|access-date=20 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} Against [Middlesex](/source/Middlesex_County_Cricket_Club) in the Championship in August, Cottam was last-man out in Hampshire's chase of 167, with his dismissal to [Bob Herman](/source/Bob_Herman_(cricketer)) resulting in the first tied first-class match since December 1961.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19670826/388/0011|title=Trueman Finds that Old Fire – Goes on Top Again|work=Daily Express|location=London|page=11|date=26 August 1967|access-date=20 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He played three matches in the [1967 Gillette Cup](/source/1967_Gillette_Cup), taking 5 wickets as Hampshire reached the competition's quarter-final. The [1968 season](/source/1968_English_cricket_season) was to be his most successful as a bowler, with Cottam taking 130 wickets at an average of 17.56 from 31 first-class matches; he was the leading wicket-taker in the [Championship in 1968](/source/1968_County_Championship), with 122 wickets, 18 more than [Ken Higgs](/source/Ken_Higgs).{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/0/County_Championship_1968/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|title=Bowling in County Championship 1968 (Ordered by Wickets)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=20 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} Amongst his the nine five wicket hauls he took in 1968, was his 6 for 35 in the final afternoon of the Championship match against [Gloucestershire](/source/Gloucestershire_County_Cricket_Club), that set up Hampshire's five wicket victory.{{cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004769/19680525/023/0023|title=Batting is Downfall|work=[Bristol Evening Post](/source/Bristol_Post)|page=23|date=25 May 1968|access-date=20 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} In June at [Basingstoke](/source/May's_Bounty), he took 7 for 61 against Warwickshire, with overall match figures of 10 for 87,{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/29/29492.html|title=Hampshire v Warwickshire, County Championship 1968|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} and in July, he took 6 for 14 to dismiss Nottinghamshire for 85 runs.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000564/19680726/161/0009|title=Yorks in Trouble at Westcliffe|work=[Dundee Courier](/source/The_Courier_(Dundee))|page=9|date=26 July 1968|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} His form during the season led to his selection for the MCC President's XI against the touring [Australians](/source/Australia_national_cricket_team) at Lord's in August,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005262/19680808/068/0004|title=Shuttleworth in MCC President's Team|work=Newton and Earlestown Guardian|location=Newton-le-Willows|page=4|date=8 August 1968|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} where he took two wickets.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/29/29679.html|title=Marylebone Cricket Club President's XI v Australians, Australia in British Isles 1968|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} He was named [Cricket Writers' Club Young Cricketer of the Year](/source/Cricket_Writers'_Club_Young_Cricketer_of_the_Year) in October 1968.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005475/19681029/014/0014|title=Bob Cottam Gets Award|work=[Liverpool Daily Post](/source/Liverpool_Daily_Post)|page=14|date=29 October 1968|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} ===Test debut=== Cottam's form in 1968 led to his selection for the MCC winter tour to South Africa,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002471/19680829/433/0020|title=Another MCC Selection Shrouded in Controversy|work=[Reading Post](/source/Reading_Post)|page=20|date=29 August 1968|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}}{{refn|The MCC held the responsibility of organising overseas tours from 1903 to 1977. All matches on a tour were played as MCC, except for Test matches, where the side played as England.{{sfn|Williams|2012|page=21}}|group=note}} though the tour was ultimately cancelled in the wake of the [D'Oliveira affair](/source/D'Oliveira_affair).{{sfn|Williams|2001|page=61}} He went on the MCC tour to [Ceylon and Pakistan](/source/English_cricket_team_in_Ceylon_and_Pakistan_in_1968%E2%80%9369) in early 1969, where he made his [Test](/source/Test_cricket) debut for [England](/source/England_cricket_team) against [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan_national_cricket_team) at [Lahore](/source/Gaddafi_Stadium) on 21 February,{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/Test_Matches.html|title=Test Matches Played by Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} taking 4 for 50 and 2 for 35 in the Pakistani first and second innings respectively.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/29/29929.html|title=Pakistan v England, MCC in Ceylon and Pakistan 1968/69 (1st Test)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} Four days after the conclusion of the first Test, Cottam played in the second Test at [Dacca](/source/National_Stadium%2C_Dhaka), taking three wickets across the match.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/29/29929.html|title=Pakistan v England, MCC in Ceylon and Pakistan 1968/69 (1st Test)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} He did not play in the third Test at [Karachi](/source/National_Stadium%2C_Karachi).{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000324/19690306/014/0014|title=Milburn 100 — The Test Riot|work=[Hull Daily Mail](/source/Hull_Daily_Mail)|page=14|date=6 March 1969|access-date=24 March 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} With 9 wickets, Cottam was England's leading wicket taker in the Test matches.{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-pakistan-1968-69-61760/stats|title=England tour of Pakistan 1968/69 - Stats|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 May 2026}} Prior to the Test series, he played in the first-class fixture against [Ceylon](/source/Sri_Lanka_national_cricket_team) at [Colombo](/source/Paikiasothy_Saravanamuttu_Stadium), and in Pakistan he played in three first-class matches. Cottam made 25 first-class appearances in the [1969 English season](/source/1969_English_cricket_season), taking over a hundred wickets (109 at 21.04) in consecutive seasons; he was the second highest wicket-taker in the [County Championship](/source/1969_County_Championship), with 100 wickets, three behind [Mike Procter](/source/Mike_Procter).{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/0/County_Championship_1969/Bowling_by_Average.html|title=Bowling in County Championship 1969 (Ordered by Wickets)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} Amongst the eight five wicket hauls he took during the season was 7 for 32 in a defeat against Nottinghamshire at Basingstoke in the final Championship match of the season.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/30/30503.html|title=Hampshire v Nottinghamshire, County Championship 1969|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} With further proliferation of the one-day game in county cricket during the 1969 season, which came via the introduction of [Sunday League](/source/Pro40), Cottam found played regular one-day cricket. He made 17 one-day appearances in 1969, helping Hampshire finish second in the [inaugural Player's County League](/source/1969_Player's_County_League). In these, he took 22 wickets at an average of 21. Alongside fellow fast bowler [Butch White](/source/Butch_White), Cottam had threatened to leave Hampshire in 1969, unless his wages were bought up into line with [Barry Richards](/source/Barry_Richards); both Cottam and White reached an amicable agreement and remained with Hampshire heading into the 1970s.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000760/19691128/038/0038|title=Cricket|work=[Leicester Daily Mercury](/source/Leicester)|page=38|date=28 November 1969|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} Following the retirement of Shackleton after the 1969 season, Cottam led the Hampshire attack alongside White, however, an injury in July ruled White out for the remainder of the season.{{cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19700804/237/0009|title=Hampshire|work=[Daily Express](/source/Daily_Express)|location=London|page=9|date=4 August 1970|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} Cottam took 77 wickets at 25.81 in 22 first-class matches, whilst in 15 one-day appearances he took 12 wickets at 39.25, which was the lowest one-day return of his career. Following the 1970 season, Cottam toured Pakistan with an International XI, playing three first-class matches against a [BCCP XI](/source/Pakistan_Cricket_Board), taking 12 wickets across the matches. In the [1971 season](/source/1971_English_cricket_season), he made 23 first-class appearances, taking 80 wickets at 22.30; he twice took ten-wickets in a match in 1971, against [Northamptonshire](/source/Northamptonshire_County_Cricket_Club) (11 for 80) in May,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19710522/646/0017|title=Francis Stuns Sussex|work=Daily Express|location=London|page=17|date=13 July 1971|access-date=22 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} and [Essex](/source/Essex_County_Cricket_Club) (10 for 95) in July.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19710713/264/0013|title=Tamed|work=Daily Express|location=London|page=13|date=13 July 1971|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He made 17 appearances in one-day cricket in 1971, taking 23 wickets at 21. Following the season, Cottam requested an immediate release from his contract, having felt unsettled at Hampshire for the last two years.{{cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002135/19711030/376/0016|title=Cottam Wants to Leave Hampshire|work=Birmingham Daily Post|page=16|date=30 October 1971|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} ===Move to Northamptonshire=== Despite interest from Leicestershire and Middlesex, Cottam joined Northamptonshire.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000769/19711122/198/0018|title=Cottam Decides|work=Coventry Evening Telegraph|page=18|date=22 November 1971|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} His move, and that of [Bob Willis](/source/Bob_Willis) from Surrey to Warwickshire, paved the way for a change in the rule for players transferring between counties; they previously had to wait a year before they could appear in a competitive match for a new county.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004722/19720218/012/0012|title=Restrictions too Tight — Cricketers|work=[Nottingham Guardian Journal](/source/Nottingham_Guardian)|page=12|date=18 February 1972|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} Although their applications to forgo the one-year qualification period were not supported by their counties,{{sfn|Arlott|1985|page=219}} the registration sub-committee of the [Test and County Cricket Board](/source/Test_and_County_Cricket_Board) clear Cottam to play for Northamptonshire in the [County Championship](/source/1971_County_Championship) from 17 June 1971,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002139/19720222/018/0018|title=Willis Will Face Australians|first=W. G.|last=Wanklyn|work=Birmingham Mail|page=18|date=22 February 1972|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} causing him to miss a handful of matches at the beginning of the [1972 season](/source/1972_English_cricket_season). He made 15 first-class appearances for Northamptonshire during the season, taking 50 wickets at 18.36; he took five wickets or more six times and ten-wickets in a match once. His best figures, 8 for 14, came in a friendly first-class match against [Oxford University](/source/Oxford_University_Cricket_Club), prior to his Championship participation.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005765/19720522/361/0016|title=Surrey in Cup Trouble|work=[The Evening News](/source/The_Evening_News_(London_newspaper))|location=London|page=16|date=22 May 1972|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} In one-day cricket, he made seven appearances, taking 10 wickets at 19.80. Despite missing the start of the 1972 season, Cottam's form for its remainder earned him a recall for the [MCC's winter tour of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka](/source/English_cricket_team_in_India%2C_Pakistan_and_Sri_Lanka_in_1972%E2%80%9373).{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005475/19720819/014/0014|title=Still a Chance for Hayes or Lloyd|work=[Liverpool Daily Post](/source/Liverpool_Daily_Post)|page=14|date=19 August 1972|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} On the Indian leg of the tour, he featured in two first-class warm-up matches, before playing in the first Test against [India](/source/India_national_cricket_team) at [Delhi](/source/Arun_Jaitley_Cricket_Stadium), taking two wickets in the match.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/33/33001.html|title=India v England, MCC in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka 1972/73 (1st Test)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} He then played in the second Test at [Calcutta](/source/Eden_Gardens), taking three wickets across the game.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/33/33024.html|title=India v England, MCC in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka 1972/73 (2nd Test)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} He did not play in the final three Test matches against India, nor did he feature in the three Test matches that followed against Pakistan, having been dropped in favour of [Geoff Arnold](/source/Geoff_Arnold).{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003894/19730110/030/0030|title=Arnold Back for England in Test|work=Nottingham Evening Post|page=30|date=10 January 1973|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He did, however, play a handful of first-class matches following his Test apprearances. In the [1973 English season](/source/1973_English_cricket_season), Cottam made 24 first-class appearances, taking 76 wickets at 20.27, with four five wicket hauls. He played during the season for the MCC against the touring [New Zealanders](/source/New_Zealand_national_cricket_team), and at the second concluding [Scarborough Festival](/source/Scarborough_Festival) for [T. N. Pearce's XI](/source/T._N._Pearce's_XI) against the touring [West Indians](/source/West_Indies_cricket_team). In one-day cricket, he took 27 wickets at 18.77 from 17 matches. Cottam made just 14 first-class appearances in 1974, having torn ankle ligaments in June which were expected to rule him out for two to three weeks, but he ended up missing six.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005095/19740603/525/0032|title=Cottam Blow|work=Kent Evening Post|location=Chatham|page=32|date=3 June 1974|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} Despite injury, he managed to take 56 first-class wickets at 19.66, claiming five wickets or more in an innings on four occasions, whilst in 15 one-day matches, he took 23 wickets at 18.04. The following season, he made 18 first-class appearances, taking 30 wickets at 32.73, and took 16 wickets at 32.25 from 17 one-day matches. In the [1976 season](/source/1976_English_cricket_season), he made just eight first-class appearances. After a strong start to the season, including performances of 6 for 55 and 7 for 39 in Northamptonshire's opening [Championship](/source/1976_County_Championship) match against Lancashire,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005765/19760429/772/0035|title=Thrasher Nash|work=Evening News|location=London|page=35|date=29 April 1976|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} and 7 for 100 against Kent.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/36/36310.html|title=Essex v Northamptonshire, County Championship 1976|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} Cottam suffered an injury in early July, at which point in the season he had taken 36 first-class wickets at 16.22, and 11 one-day wickets at 39.09 from 12 matches. He was released by Northamptonshire later in July.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000769/19760723/154/0012|title=Cottam to Quit|work=[Liverpool Echo](/source/Liverpool_Echo)|page=26|date=23 July 1976|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} ===Minor Counties cricket=== Cottam joined [minor county](/source/National_Counties_(cricket)) [Devon](/source/Devon_County_Cricket_Club) as their professional ahead of the [1977 season](/source/1977_English_cricket_season).{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001329/19770120/013/0013|title=Cottam Plans Off-Cutter Assault|work=Torbay Express and South Devon Echo|location=Torquay|page=13|date=20 January 1977|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He made eight appearances in the 1977 [Minor Counties Championship](/source/National_Counties_Cricket_Championship),{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/Minor_Counties_Championship_Matches.html|title=Minor Counties Championship Matches Played by Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} and was the second highest wicket-taker in the competition with 43 at 12.44, two behind [Suffolk's](/source/Suffolk_County_Cricket_Club) [Robin Hobbs](/source/Robin_Hobbs).{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/4/Minor_Counties_Championship_1977/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|title=Bowling in Minor Counties Championship 1977 (Ordered by Wickets)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} The following season, he made one appearance in the Minor Counties Championship, and made a one-day appearance in the [Gillette Cup](/source/1978_Gillette_Cup) first round defeat to [Staffordshire](/source/Staffordshire_County_Cricket_Club). He was the last professional to be employed by Devon until [Peter Trego](/source/Peter_Trego) and [Wayne White](/source/Wayne_White_(cricketer)) in 2019.{{cite web|url=https://www.devoncricket.co.uk/page.php?Id=3588|title=Trego the 'Right Man' for Devon as Professional Says Skipper Thompson|publisher=[Devon County Cricket Club](/source/Devon_County_Cricket_Club)|date=23 February 2019|access-date=25 May 2026}}{{cite web|url=https://devoncricket.co.uk/page.php?Id=4029|title=Ex-pro White Makes Devon Debut|publisher=Devon County Cricket Club|date=25 February 2019|access-date=25 May 2026}} ==Playing style and statistics== Cottam was a tall 6 foot 3 inches (1.9 metres), right-arm fast-medium bowler who bowled with a slingy action.{{sfn|Frindall|1989|page=90}} The cricket writer [Christopher Martin-Jenkins](/source/Christopher_Martin-Jenkins) described him as a "persistent" bowler with good stamnia,{{sfn|Martin-Jenkins|1996|page=204}} with fellow cricket writer Martin Williamson noting that he bowled with "unerring accuracy".{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/bob-cottam-10824|title=Bob Cottam|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 May 2026}} Writing in the ''[Sports Argus](/source/Sports_Argus)'', the journalist W. C. Wanklyn observed that his bowling was a "great deal quicker" than it looked.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002192/19670729/117/0007|title=A 'Home' Cap for Ibadulla|first=W. G.|last=Wanklyn|work=Sports Argus|location=Birmingham|page=7|date=29 July 1967|access-date=25 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} When he moved to Northamptonshire, he reduced the speed of his bowling and came to rely more upon delivering cutters to dismiss batsmen.{{sfn|Martin-Jenkins|1996|page=204}}{{sfn|Frindall|1989|page=90}} The cricket writer [Bill Frindall](/source/Bill_Frindall) opined that he was a "daunting prospect on responsive [pitches](/source/cricket_pitch)", where he was able to extract sharp [bounce](/source/Bouncer_(cricket)).{{sfn|Frindall|1989|page=90}} Martin-Jenkins later wrote the Cottam was an effective one-day bowler.{{sfn|Martin-Jenkins|1996|page=204}} Cottam made 289 first-class appearances, taking 1,010 wickets at 20.91; he took five wickets or more in an innings 58 times, and ten wickets in a match six. He took over 1,000 wickets in a season three times. For Hampshire, he made 188 first-class appearances, taking 693 wickets at 20.71, taking 38 five wicket hauls for the county.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/f_Bowling_by_Team.html|title=First-Class Bowling For Each Team by Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=25 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} For Northamptonshire, he took 241 first-class wickets at 20.23 from 76 matches, with 17 five wicket hauls. In one-day cricket, he took 180 wickets at 22.55 from 133 matches. For Hampshire in one-day cricket, he took 91 wickets at 21.15 from 63 matches, while for Northamptonshire he made 68 appearances, taking 87 wickets at 23.74.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/a_Bowling_by_Team.html|title=List A Bowling For Each Team by Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=25 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} Although better suited to English conditions, his only Test [caps](/source/Cricket_cap) came on tours of the [subcontinent](/source/Indian_subcontinent), where the selectors favoured his cutters on turning wickets;{{sfn|Bateman|1993|page=43}} although it transpired that the pitches did not favour him, he still took 14 wickets at 23.35 at Test level.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/t_Bowling_by_Team.html|title=Test Bowling For Each Team by Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=25 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} A [tailend](/source/Batting_order_(cricket)) batsman, he scored 1,278 first-class runs in his career, at a [batting average](/source/batting_average_(cricket)) of 6.98; he made one half-century, an [unbeaten](/source/not_out) 62 runs. In the [field](/source/fielding_(cricket)), he took a total of 153 [catches](/source/catch_(cricket)) at first-class level. ==Coaching career== Following the end of his first-class playing career, Cottam took up a coaching position at a school in [Lyme Regis](/source/Lyme_Regis) in [Dorset](/source/Dorset), before coaching at [Seaton, Devon](/source/Seaton%2C_Devon).{{cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001329/19800806/017/0017|title=Can Bob Save Sidmouth?|work=Torbay Express and South Devon Echo|location=Torquay|page=17|date=6 August 1980|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} In December 1981, he was the National Cricket Association's chief cricket coach for the [West Country](/source/West_Country),{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004974/19811209/013/0013|title=Coach Cottam|work=[Western Daily Press](/source/Western_Daily_Press)|location=Bristol|date=9 December 1981|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} a role he held until 1987, when he was appointed Warwickshire's cricket manager.{{sfn|Frindall|1989|page=90}} The county won the [1989 NatWest Trophy](/source/1989_NatWest_Trophy) under his management.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002488/19890904/050/0006|title=On the Road to the Top|work=Sandwell Evening Mail|location=Birmingham|page=6|date=4 September 1989|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He left Warwickshire in October 1990, following a feud with [captain](/source/captain_(cricket)) [Andy Lloyd](/source/Andy_Lloyd_(cricketer)), and citing "a total lack of confidence" with their cricket committee.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003126/19901031/388/0040|title=Cottam Quits Edgbaston|first=Martin|last=Swain|publisher=[Express & Star](/source/Express_%26_Star)|location=Wolverhampton|page=40|date=31 October 1990|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} In December 1991, Cottam signed a five-year contract with Somerset to become their coaching director,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004769/19911213/068/0068|title=Someset Job for Cottam|first=Peter|last=Godsiff|work=[Bristol Evening Post](/source/Bristol_Post)|page=68|date=13 December 1991|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} but was released by Someset following the [1996 season](/source/1996_English_cricket_season), with one-year still left on his contract.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002135/19960911/019/0019|title=Cottam's Early Out|work=Birmingham Post|page=19|date=11 September 1996|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He returned to Warwickshire in November 1996, as a part-time bowling consultant.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002139/19961121/085/0085|title=Cottam Back|work=Birmingham Mail|page=85|date=21 November 1996|access-date=26 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He was chosen by England's coach [David Lloyd](/source/David_Lloyd_(cricketer)) in June 1998,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002139/19980601/039/0039|title=Cottam for England|work=Birmingham Mail|page=39|date=1 June 1998|access-date=24 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} a role he maintained until 2001;{{sfn|Wilde|2018|page=494}} He expressed his "utter disappointment" in being replaced by [Graham Dilley](/source/Graham_Dilley) for England's winter tours to [New Zealand](/source/English_cricket_team_in_New_Zealand_in_2001%E2%80%9302) and [India](/source/English_cricket_team_in_India_in_2001%E2%80%9302).{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005576/20010825/782/0051|title=Cottam is Discarded|work=Express & Star|location=Wolverhampton|page=51|access-date=21 August 2001|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} During his time with England, he developed the new ball bowling pair of [Andy Caddick](/source/Andy_Caddick) and [Darren Gough](/source/Darren_Gough), and helped [Dominic Cork](/source/Dominic_Cork) rediscover the ability to swing the ball. In March 2005, Cottam joined [Scotland's](/source/Scotland_national_cricket_team) coaching staff ahead of the [2005 ICC Trophy](/source/2005_ICC_Trophy),{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/scotland-appoint-cottam-146573|title=Scotland Appoint Cottam|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=31 March 2005|access-date=24 May 2026}} and in December of the same year he was coaching at the [International Cricket Council](/source/International_Cricket_Council)'s Winter Training Centre in [Pretoria](/source/Pretoria).{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/cottam-s-secret-of-eternal-youth-227934|title=Cottam's Secret of Eternal Youth|first=John|last=Long|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=1 December 2005|access-date=24 May 2026}} ==Personal life== Cottam has been married twice, firstly to Jackie,{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004973/19690122/011/0011|title=MCC Team Top Heavy, Says Ames|work=Western Daily Press|location=Bristol|page=11|date=22 January 1969|access-date=25 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} and secondly to Yvonne.{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004841/19970111/031/0031|title=A Bit of a Bum Note to End on for Music Man Tom|work=Torbay Express and South Devon Echo|location=Torquay|date=11 January 1997|access-date=25 May 2026|url-access=subscription|via=British Newspaper Archive}} He has three sons: [Andy](/source/Andy_Cottam), David, and [Michael](/source/Michael_Cottam).{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1325/1325.html|title=Bob Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=25 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} Andy played first-class cricket for Derbyshire and Somerset,{{sfn|Bateman|1993|page=43}}{{sfn|Martin-Jenkins|1996|page=204}} while Michael played minor counties cricket for Devon.{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/34/34543/34543.html|title=Michael Cottam|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=25 May 2026|url-access=subscription}} As of 2023, Cottam was living in [Dartmouth, Devon](/source/Dartmouth%2C_Devon).{{cite news|url=https://www.dartmouth-today.co.uk/news/yvonne-is-coronation-champion-610825|title=Yvonne is Coronation Champion|first=Richard|last=Harding|publisher=Dartmouth Chronicle|location=Kingsbridge|date=4 May 2023|access-date=25 May 2026}} ==Notes and references== ===Notes=== {{reflist|group=note}} ===References=== {{reflist}} ==Works cited== *{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/arlottoncricketh0000arlo|title=Arlott on Cricket: His Writings on the Game|first=John|last=Arlott|author-link=John Arlott|publisher=Fontana|location=London|year=1985|isbn=978-0-0063-7007-9|language=en|via=[Internet Archive](/source/Internet_Archive)}} *{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ifcapfits0000unse|title=If the Cap Fits|first=Colin|last=Bateman|publisher=Tony Williams Publications|location=Harrow|year=1993|isbn=978-1-8698-3321-3|language=en|via=Internet Archive}} *{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/englandtestcrick0000frin|title=England Test Cricketers: The Complete Record from 1877|first=Bill|last=Frindall|author-link=Bill Frindall|publisher=Willow|location=London|year=1989|isbn=978-0-0021-8339-0|language=en|via=Internet Archive}} *{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcricketersb0000mart|title=World Cricketers: A Biographical Dictionary|first=Christopher|last=Martin-Jenkins|author-link=Christopher Martin-Jenkins|publisher=[Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press)|year=1996|isbn=978-0-1921-0005-4|language=en|via=Internet Archive}} *{{cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/England_The_Biography/AjjeDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|title=England: The Biography|first=Simon|last=Wilde|author-link=Simon Wilde|publisher=[Simon & Schuster](/source/Simon_%26_Schuster)|location=London|year=2018|isbn=978-1-4711-5486-7|language=en}} *{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/cricketrace0000will|title=Cricket and Race|first=Jack|last=Williams|publisher=[Berg Publishers](/source/Berg_Publishers)|location=Oxford|year=2001|isbn=978-1-8597-3304-2|language=en|via=Internet Archive}} *{{cite book|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Cricket_and_England/dUMsBgAAQBAJ|title=Cricket and England: A Cultural and Social History of Cricket in England Between the Wars|first=Jack|last=Williams|publisher=[Taylor & Francis](/source/Taylor_%26_Francis)|location=Milton Park|year=2012|isbn=978-1-1363-1713-2|language=en}} ==External links== *{{ESPNcricinfo|id=10824}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cottam, Bob}} Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Cleethorpes Category:People educated at Alperton Community School Category:People educated at The Piggott School Category:English cricketers Category:England Test cricketers Category:Hampshire cricketers Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Category:Marylebone Cricket Club President's XI cricketers Category:Northamptonshire cricketers Category:Marylebone Cricket Club Touring Team cricketers Category:T. N. Pearce's XI cricketers Category:Devon cricketers Category:English cricket coaches --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bob Cottam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Cottam) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Cottam?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.