# Bisbee Group

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The **Bisbee Group** is a [geologic group](/source/Group_(geology)) in [Arizona](/source/Arizona),[1] [Mexico](/source/Mexico), and [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico).[2] It preserves [fossils](/source/Fossils) dating back to the [early Cretaceous](/source/Early_Cretaceous) [period](/source/Period_(geology)).[3]

## Description

The group consists of [sandstone](/source/Sandstone), [claystone](/source/Claystone), [limestone](/source/Limestone), and [conglomerate](/source/Conglomerate_(geology)),[1] with a maximum thickness of 1,770 meters (5,810 ft) in the [Chiricahua Mountains](/source/Chiricahua_Mountains).[4] In the [Tombstone, Arizona](/source/Tombstone,_Arizona), area, it overlies the [Naco Formation](/source/Naco_Formation).[5] In the Bisbee area, the group is divided into four formations, which in ascending stratigraphic order are the [Glance Conglomerate](/source/Glance_Conglomerate), the [Morita Formation](/source/Morita_Formation), the [Mural Limestone](/source/Mural_Limestone), and the [Cintura Formation](/source/Cintura_Formation).[3] These extend into northern [Sonora](/source/Sonora).[6] The group is overlain by the [Bronco Volcanics](/source/Bronco_Volcanics),[7] the [Nipper Formation](/source/Nipper_Formation), or the [Faraway Ranch Formation](/source/Faraway_Ranch_Formation).[8][2]

In the Chiricahua Mountains, where the thickest section is found, the [Crystal Cave Formation](/source/Crystal_Cave_Formation) and [Onion Saddle Formation](/source/Onion_Saddle_Formation) are found between the Glance Conglomerate and the Morita Formation. A [thrust fault](/source/Thrust_fault) has placed the lower Jurassic beds over the Cretaceous beds.[4]

In southwestern New Mexico, the group thickens to 21,000 feet (6,400 m) and is divided into the Glance Conglomerate, the [Hell-to-Finish Formation](/source/Hell-to-Finish_Formation), the [U-Bar Formation](/source/U-Bar_Formation), and the [Mojado Formation](/source/Mojado_Formation).[9][10][11][2]

In northwestern Sonora, in addition to the Glance Conglomerate, the Morita Formation, the Mural Limestone, and the Cintura Formation, the group includes the [Cerro de Oro Formation](/source/Cerro_de_Oro_Formation) and [Arroyo Sásabe Formation](/source/Arroyo_S%C3%A1sabe_Formation).[12]

The group was deposited in the Bisbee basin, which was the central basin of the Jurassic-Cretaceous border rift belt. This rift belt was located between the Mogollon Highlands of central Arizona and New Mexico, which formed the northern shoulder of the belt, and Cordilleran (or Alisitos) volcanic arc along what is now the western side of the Gulf of California.[13] Deposition began in the late Jurassic with the Glance Conglomerate. This was followed by at least three additional [marine transgressions](/source/Marine_transgression). The second of these was restricted to western Sonora and deposited the Cerro de Oro Formation. This was followed by deposition of typical fluvial, tidal flat, and delta deposits of the Morita Formation to the west and marine beds to the east. The third and largest incursion formed the [lagoon](/source/Lagoon) belt of the Arroyo Sásabe Formation and the marine Mural Limestone. This was followed by delta deposits of the Cintura Formation. A final small fourth incursion affected only northeastern Sonora.[12]

## Fossils

The group contains fossils such as the mollusc *[Exogyra](/source/Exogyra)* and the clam *[Trigonia](/source/Trigonia)* characteristic of the [Cretaceous](/source/Cretaceous).[1] The limestone formations contain fossils of [scleractinian corals](/source/Scleractinia) from a diversity of genera, including several species not found elsewhere.[14]

## History of investigation

The Bisbee beds were first named by E.T. Dumble in 1902 for exposures around [Bisbee, Arizona](/source/Bisbee,_Arizona).[1] In 1904, [Frederick Leslie Ransome](/source/Frederick_Leslie_Ransome) divided the Bisbee Group into formations in the Bisbee area.[3] By 1938, the group had been mapped into the [Tombstone, Arizona](/source/Tombstone,_Arizona) area[5] and into southwestern New Mexico.[9] Samuel G. Lasky defined several new formations within the group, but some of these were synonyms for each other due to fault doubling.[10]

## See also

- [List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arizona](/source/List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Arizona)
- [List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Mexico](/source/List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Mexico)
- [Paleontology in Arizona](/source/Paleontology_in_Arizona)

## References

1. Dumble 1902.

1. Lawton 2004.

1. Ransome 1904.

1. Lawton & Olmstead 1995.

1. Butler, Wilson & Rasor 1938.

1. Madhavaraju et al. 2010.

1. Gilluly 1945.

1. Sabins 1957.

1. Lasky 1938.

1. Zeller 1970.

1. Drewes 1991.

1. Jacques-Ayala 1995, p. 79.

1. Dickinson, Lawton & Gehrels 2009.

1. Baron-Szabo & González-León 1999.

## External links

- Baron-Szabo, R.C. & González-León, C.M. (August 1999). "Lower Cretaceous corals and stratigraphy of the Bisbee Group (Cerro de Oro and Lampazos areas), Sonora, Mexico". *Cretaceous Research*. **20** (4): 465–497. [Bibcode:1999CrRes..20..465B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999CrRes..20..465B). [doi:10.1006/cres.1999.0159](https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.1999.0159)
- Butler, B.S.; Wilson, E.D.; Rasor, C.A. (1938). ["Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, Arizona"](https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/630975). *Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin*. **143**. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- Dickinson, William R.; Lawton, Timothy F.; Gehrels, George E. (June 2009). "Recycling detrital zircons: A case study from the Cretaceous Bisbee Group of southern Arizona". *Geology*. **37** (6): 503–506. [Bibcode:2009Geo....37..503D](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Geo....37..503D). [doi:10.1130/G25646A.1](https://doi.org/10.1130/G25646A.1)
- Drewes, Harald (1991). "Geologic map of the Big Hatchet Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico". *U.S. Geological Survey Report*. [doi:10.3133/i2144](https://doi.org/10.3133/i2144)
- Dumble, E.T. (1902). "Notes on the geology of southeastern Arizona". *American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers Transactions*. **31**: 103–105.
- Gilluly, J. (1 December 1945). "Emplacement of the Uncle Sam porphyry, Tombstone, Arizona". *American Journal of Science*. **243** (12): 643–666. [Bibcode:1945AmJS..243..643G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1945AmJS..243..643G). [doi:10.2475/ajs.243.12.643](https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.243.12.643)
- Jacques-Ayala, C. (1995). ["Paleogeography and provenance of the lower Cretaceous Bisbee Group in the Caborca-Santa Ana area, northwestern Sonora"](https://books.google.com/books?id=QxdHAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Bisbee+Group%22&pg=PA79). *Geological Society of America Special Papers*. **301**: 79–98. ISBN 9780813723013. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- Lasky, Samuel G. (1938). "Newly Discovered Section of Trinity Age in Southwestern New Mexico". *AAPG Bulletin*. **22**. [doi:10.1306/3D932F80-16B1-11D7-8645000102C1865D](https://doi.org/10.1306/3D932F80-16B1-11D7-8645000102C1865D)
- Lawton, Timothy F. (2004). "Upper Jurassic and lower Cretaceous strata of southwestern New Mexico and Northern Chihuaua, Mexico". *The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11*. pp. 95–136. ISBN 9781585460106.
- Lawton, T.F. & Olmstead, G.A. (1995). ["Stratigraphy and structure of the lower part of the Bisbee Group, northeastern Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona"](https://books.google.com/books?id=QxdHAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Bisbee+Group%22&pg=PA21). *Geological Society of America Special Papers*. **301**: 21–39. ISBN 9780813723013. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- Madhavaraju, J.; González-León, C.M.; Lee, Yong Il; Armstrong-Altrin, J.S.; Reyes-Campero, L.M. (August 2010). "Geochemistry of the Mural Formation (Aptian-Albian) of the Bisbee Group, Northern Sonora, Mexico". *Cretaceous Research*. **31** (4): 400–414. [Bibcode:2010CrRes..31..400M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CrRes..31..400M). [doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.006)
- Ransome, F.L. (1904). ["The geology and ore deposits of the Bisbee quadrangle, Arizona"](https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm_nAAAAMAAJ&q=The+geology+and+ore+deposits+of+the+Bisbee+quadrangle%2C+Arizona&pg=PA9). *U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper*. **21**. Professional Paper. [doi:10.3133/pp21](https://doi.org/10.3133/pp21). [hdl:2346/61697](https://hdl.handle.net/2346/61697). Retrieved 10 September 2020.
- Sabins, Floyd F. (1957). "Geology of the Cochise Head and Western Part of the Vanar Quadrangles, Arizona". *Geological Society of America Bulletin*. **68** (10): 1315. [Bibcode:1957GSAB...68.1315S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1957GSAB...68.1315S). [doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68\[1315:GOTCHA](https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68%5B1315:GOTCHA%5D2.0.CO;2)2.0.CO;2]
- Zeller, R.A. Jr. (1970). ["Geology of the Little Hatchet Mountains, Hidalgo and Grant Counties, New Mexico"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210914192032/https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/monographs/bulletins/downloads/96/Bulletin96.pdf). *New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin*. **96**. Archived from [the original](https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/monographs/bulletins/downloads/96/Bulletin96.pdf) on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bisbee Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisbee_Group) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisbee_Group?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.