# Bionectriaceae

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Bionectriaceae
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Bionectriaceae.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionectriaceae
> Source revision: 1354845316
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

The **Bionectriaceae** are a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of [fungi](/source/Fungus) in the order [Hypocreales](/source/Hypocreales). A 2008 estimate places 35 [genera](/source/Genus) and 281 [species](/source/Species) in the family.[1] Species in the family tend to grow on plant material, including woody debris, while some species associate with [algae](/source/Alga), [bryophytes](/source/Bryophyte), or other fungi.[2]

## History

*Bionectriaceae* was introduced by Rossman et al. (1999) to accommodate 26 genera.[3] It has been revised and refined by several studies based on phylogenetic analyses (Rossman et al. 2001;[4] Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016;[5] Wijayawardene et al. 2018).[6] The 2022 treatment of *Bionectriaceae* was provided by Wijayawardene et al. with the acceptance of 47 genera.[7]

## Genera

This is a list of the genera in the Bionectriaceae, based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal [classification](/source/Classification_(biology)) by Wijayawardene and colleagues.[7] Following the genus name is the [taxonomic authority](/source/Author_citation_(botany)) (those who first [circumscribed](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)) the genus; standardized [author abbreviations](/source/Author_citation_(botany)#Abbreviation) are used), year of publication, and the number of species:

- *[Acremonium](/source/Acremonium)* Link (1809) – ca. 150
- *[Anthonectria](/source/Anthonectria)* Döbbeler (2010) – 1 sp.
- *[Aphanotria](/source/Aphanotria)* Döbbeler (2007) – 1 sp.
- *[Battarrina](/source/Battarrina)* (Sacc.) Clem. & Shear (1931) – 1 sp.
- *[Bryocentria](/source/Bryocentria)* Döbbeler (2004) – 15 spp.
- *[Bryotria](/source/Bryotria)* Döbbeler & P.G.Davison (2017) – 2 spp.
- *[Bullanockia](/source/Bullanockia)* Crous (2016) – 1 sp.
- *[Chrysonectria](/source/Chrysonectria)* Lechat & J.Fourn. (2018) – 1 sp.
- *[Clibanites](/source/Clibanites)* (P.Karst.) P.Karst. (1871) – 1 sp.
- *[Clonostachys](/source/Clonostachys_(fungus))* Corda (1839) – 78 spp.
- *[Dimerosporiella](/source/Dimerosporiella)* Speg. (1908) – 8 spp.
- *[Fusariella](/source/Fusariella)* Sacc. (1884) – 17 spp.
- *[Geonectria](/source/Geonectria)* Lechat & J.Fourn. (2018) – 1 sp.
- *[Geosmithia](/source/Geosmithia)* Pitt (1979) – 24 spp.
- *[Gliomastix](/source/Gliomastix)* Guég. (1905) – 24 spp.
- *[Globonectria](/source/Globonectria)* Etayo (2002) – 1 sp.
- *[Gracilistilbella](/source/Gracilistilbella)* Seifert (2000) – 4 spp.
- *[Halonectria](/source/Halonectria)* E.B.G.Jones (1965) – 1 sp.
- *[Heleococcum](/source/Heleococcum)* C.A.Jørg. (1922) – 5 spp.
- *[Hydropisphaera](/source/Hydropisphaera)* Dumort. (1822) – 29 spp.
- *[Ijuhya](/source/Ijuhya)* Starbäck (1889) – 22 spp.
- *[Kallichroma](/source/Kallichroma)* Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. (1993) – 4 spp.
- *[Lasionectria](/source/Lasionectria)* (Sacc.) Cooke (1884) – 23 spp.
- *[Mycoarachis](/source/Mycoarachis)* Malloch & Cain (1970) – 2 spp.
- *[Mycocitrus](/source/Mycocitrus)* A.Møller (1901) – 3 spp.
- *[Nectriella](/source/Nectriella)* Nitschke ex Fuckel (1870) – 84 spp.
- *[Nectriopsis](/source/Nectriopsis)* Maire (1911) – 70 spp.
- *[Ochronectria](/source/Ochronectria)* Rossman & Samuels (1999) – 3 spp.
- *[Ovicuculispora](/source/Ovicuculispora)* Etayo (2010)[8] – 2 spp.
- *[Paranectria](/source/Paranectria)* Sacc. (1878) – 4 spp.
- *[Periantria](/source/Periantria)* Döbbeler & P.G.Davison (2017) – 2 spp.
- *[Peristomialis](/source/Peristomialis)* (W.Phillips) Boud. (1907) – 6 spp.
- *[Pronectria](/source/Pronectria)* Clem. (1931) – 44 spp.
- *[Protocreopsis](/source/Protocreopsis)* Yoshim.Doi (1977) – 12 spp.
- *[Roumegueriella](/source/Roumegueriella)* Speg. (1880) – 4 spp.
- *[Selinia](/source/Selinia_(fungus))* P.Karst. (1876) – 6 spp.
- *[Septofusidium](/source/Septofusidium)* W. Gams (1971) – 5 spp.[9]
- *[Stephanonectria](/source/Stephanonectria)* Schroers & Samuels (1999) – 1 sp.
- *[Stilbocrea](/source/Stilbocrea)* Pat. (1900) – 7 spp.
- *[Stromatonectria](/source/Stromatonectria)* Jaklitsch & Voglmayr (2011) – 1 sp.
- *[Synnemellisia](/source/Synnemellisia)* N.K.Rao, Manohar. & Goos (1989) – 2 spp.
- *[Trichonectria](/source/Trichonectria)* Kirschst. (1906) – 19 spp.
- *[Verrucostoma](/source/Verrucostoma)* Hirooka, Tak.Kobay. & P.Chaverri (2010)[10] – 2 spp.
- *[Xanthonectria](/source/Xanthonectria)* J.Fourn. & P.-A.Moreau (2016) – 1 sp.

## References

1. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). *Dictionary of the Fungi*. 10th ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.

1. Cannon PF, Kirk PM (2007). [*Fungal Families of the World*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Lw1VLSH1xnAC&pg=PA36). CAB International. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5.

1. Rossman, A.Y.; Samuels, G.J.; Rogerson, C.T.; Lowen, R. (1999). "Genera of *Bionectriaceae*, *Hypocreaceae* and *Nectriaceae* (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes).". *Stud. Mycol.*. **42**: 1–260.

1. Rossman, A.Y.; McKemy, J.M.; Pardo-Schultheiss, R.A.; Schroers, H.J. (2001). "Molecular studies of the *Bionectriaceae* using large subunit rDNA sequences.". *Mycologia*. **93**: 100–110. [doi:10.1080/00275514.2001.12061283](https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2001.12061283). [S2CID 196597387](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:196597387)

1. Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Norphanphoun, Chada; Senanayake, Indunil C. (2016-06-03). "Families of Sordariomycetes". *Fungal Diversity*. **79** (1): 1–317. [doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6). [ISSN 1560-2745](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1560-2745). [S2CID 256070646](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:256070646)

1. Wijayawardene, N.N. (2018). ["Notes for genera: basal clades of fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)"](http://eprints.ibb.waw.pl/1573/1/2018%20Wijayawardene%20et%20al%20basal%20clades_proof.pdf). *Fungal Diversity*. **92**: 43–129. [doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5). [S2CID 256063936](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:256063936)

1. Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). ["Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332). *Mycosphere*. **13** (1): 53–453. [doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2](https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2). [hdl:10481/76378](https://hdl.handle.net/10481/76378). [S2CID 249054641](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249054641)

1. Etayo, J. (2010). "Hongos liquenícolas de Perú Homenaje a Rolf Santesson" (in Spanish). *Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence*. **61**: 2–46.

1. Perera, R.H.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E.B.G.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Bundhun, D.; Camporesi, E.; Akulov, A.; Liu, J.K.; Liu, Z.Y. (2023). "Profile of *Bionectriaceae*, *Calcarisporiaceae*, *Hypocreaceae*, *Nectriaceae*, *Tilachlidiaceae*, *Ijuhyaceae* fam. nov., *Stromatonectriaceae* fam. nov. and *Xanthonectriaceae* fam. nov.". *Fungal Divers.*. **In press**

1. Hirooka Y, Kobayashi T, Ono T, Rossman AY, Chaverri P (2010). ["*Verrucostoma*, a new genus in the Bionectriaceae from the Bonin Islands, Japan"](https://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=41886&content=PDF). *Mycologia*. **102** (2): 418–29. [doi:10.3852/09-137](https://doi.org/10.3852/09-137). [PMID 20361508](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20361508). [S2CID 21677597](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21677597)[dead link]

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bionectriaceae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionectriaceae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionectriaceae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.