# Biobreeding rat

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Laboratory rat strain

**Biobreeding rat**, also known as the **BB or BBDP rat**, is an inbred [laboratory rat](/source/Laboratory_rat) strain that spontaneously develops [autoimmune](/source/Autoimmune) [Type 1 Diabetes](/source/Type_1_Diabetes). Like the [NOD mice](/source/NOD_mice), BB [rats](/source/Rat) are used as an [animal model](/source/Animal_model) for [Type 1 diabetes](/source/Type_1_diabetes). The strain re-capitulates many of the features of human type 1 diabetes, and has contributed greatly to the research of T1D pathogenesis.[1]

Two T1D susceptibility genes have been identified in the BB rat. The susceptible MHC class II RT1u haplotype on chromosome 20 [2] and a null mutation in the [GIMAP5](/source/GIMAP5) gene on chromosome 4.[3] The Gimap5 mutation results in severe T cell lymphopenia in the BB rat and is thought to contribute to T1D pathogenesis through impaired development and function and regulatory T cells.[4] Recently, 8 additional loci on rat chromosomes 1,2,3,6 (2 loci), 12 and 14 have been shown to be linked to Type 1 Diabetes in the BB rat.[5]

## History

BB rats are the most extensively studied rat model of T1D. They were originally derived from a Canadian colony of outbred [Wistar rats](/source/Wistar_rats) that spontaneously develop [hyperglycemia](/source/Hyperglycemia) and [ketoacidosis](/source/Ketoacidosis), characteristic of clinical onset of T1D.[6] Subsequent BB rat colonies were established. One in [Worcester, Massachusetts](/source/Worcester%2C_Massachusetts), has been inbred and known as BBDP/Wor and another one in Ottawa, Canada, an outbred strain known as BBdp.[7]

## Modulation of diabetes

Diabetes in BB rats can be prevented by a single injection of mycobacterial adjuvants such as complete Freund's adjuvant (FCA).[8]

## See also

- [NOD mice](/source/NOD_mice)

- [Type 1 Diabetes](/source/Type_1_Diabetes)

- [Autoimmunity](/source/Autoimmunity)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Mordes JP, Poussier P, Blankenhorn EP, Greiner DL: Rat models of type 1 diabetes: Genetics, environment and autoimmunity. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2007

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Colle, E., R.D. Guttmann, and T. Seemayer, Spontaneous diabetes mellitus syndrome in the rat. I. Association with the major histocompatibility complex. The Journal of experimental medicine, 1981. 154(4): p. 1237-42.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Poussier, P., et al., Lymphopenia and abnormal lymphocyte subsets in the "BB" rat: relationship to the diabetic syndrome. Endocrinology, 1982. 110(5): p. 1825-7.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Poussier, P., et al., Impaired post-thymic development of regulatory CD4+25+ T cells contributes to diabetes pathogenesis in BB rats. Journal of Immunology, 2005. 174(7): p. 4081-9.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Wallis RH, Wang K, Marandi L, Hsieh E, Ning T, Chao GY, Sarmiento J, Paterson AD, Poussier P (Apr 2009). "Type 1 diabetes in the BB rat: a polygenic disease". *Diabetes*. **58** (4): 1007–17.{{[cite journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Mordes, J.P., et al., Rat models of type 1 diabetes: genetics, environment, and autoimmunity. ILAR J, 2004. 45(3): p. 278-91.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Mordes, J.P., et al., Rat models of type 1 diabetes: genetics, environment, and autoimmunity. ILAR J, 2004. 45(3): p. 278-91.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Sadelain MW, Qin HY, Sumoski W, Parfrey N, Singh B, Rabinovitch A (1990). "Prevention of diabetes in the BB rat by early immunotherapy using Freund's adjuvant". *J Autoimmun*. **3**: 671–80. [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [2088390](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2088390).{{[cite journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

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