# Berdkunk

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Place in Gegharkunik, Armenia

Berdkunk Բերդկունք Scenery around Berdkunk Fortress Berdkunk Show map of Armenia Berdkunk Show map of Gegharkunik Coordinates: 40°26′40″N 45°06′02″E / 40.44444°N 45.10056°E / 40.44444; 45.10056 Country Armenia Province Gegharkunik Municipality Gavar Elevation 1,930 m (6,330 ft) Population (2011)[1] • Total 296 Time zone UTC+4 (AMT) Berdkunk at GEOnet Names Server

**Berdkunk** ([Armenian](/source/Armenian_language): Բերդկունք) is a village in the [Gavar Municipality](/source/Gavar_Municipality) of the [Gegharkunik Province](/source/Gegharkunik_Province) of [Armenia](/source/Armenia).

## Etymology

The village was previously known as *Aghkala[2]*[3] or *Aghgala* ([Azerbaijani](/source/Azerbaijani_language): *Ağqala*;[4] [Russian](/source/Russian_language): Агкала;[5] [Armenian](/source/Armenian_language): Աղկալա[6]), consisting of [Turkic](/source/Turkic_languages) *agh* ([ağ](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/a%C4%9F#Azerbaijani), meaning "white") and [Arabic](/source/Arabic_language) *gala* ([qala](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/qala#Azerbaijani), meaning "castle" or "tower"). Berdkunk is a combination of two words in Armenian: *berd* ([բերդ](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4#Armenian), meaning "fortress") and *kunk* ([կունք](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84), meaning "place" or "foundation").

## History

The village was once a transit point on the ancient road between [Dvin](/source/Dvin_(ancient_city)) and [Partev](/source/Barda%2C_Azerbaijan). There are cyclopean fortresses nearby with megalithic tombs. One of the fortresses in particular, Berdkunk Fortress (also known as *Ishkhanats Amrots* and *Spitak Berd* lit. 'White fortress'), is located along the eastern edge of the village and was built in the 10th century BC.[2][7] There is also an 11–12th century church, a 12–20th century cemetery, and 16–17th century tombstones in the village.[8]

Berdkunk, then known as Aghkala, was part of the [Nor Bayazet uezd](/source/Nor_Bayazet_uezd) of the [Erivan Governorate](/source/Erivan_Governorate) within the [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire).[5] [Bournoutian](/source/George_Bournoutian) presents the statistics of the village in the early 20th century as follows:[3]

Ownership Treasury Inhabited space 27 desyatinas (0.44 sq km) Unirrigated plowed fields 633 desyatinas (10.37 sq km) Yaylaks 233 desyatinas (3.82 sq km) Total land 893 desyatinas (14.63 sq km) Total households 62 (All Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani)) Total income 1,436.50 rubles Total land taxes 320.12 rubles Army tax 18.87 rubles Upkeep of officials 215.39 rubles Total revenue 554.38 rubles Large livestock 620 Small livestock 990

## Economy

The population of the village is engaged with animal husbandry, cultivation of forage crops and potatoes.[8]

## Demographics

The population of the village since 1831 is as follows:[6][8] [*[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources)*]

Year Population Note 1831 39 100% Muslim 1873 191 100% Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani) 1886 253 1897 331 100% Muslim 1904 424 1914 507 Mainly Tatar. Also recorded as 448 1916 520 1919 0 Formerly Turkish 1922 34 31 Armenians, 3 Turkish-Tatars 1926 224 105 Armenians, 76 Turks, 43 others 1931 368 202 Turks, 111 Armenians, 55 others 2001 253 2004 265 2011[1] 296

## Gallery

		- Front view of Berdkunk Fortress

		- A view of [Lake Sevan](/source/Lake_Sevan) and Berdkunk Fortress

		- Berdkunk Fortress

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-2011census_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-2011census_1-1) [Statistical Committee of Armenia](/source/Statistical_Committee_of_Armenia). ["The results of the 2011 Population Census of Armenia"](https://www.armstat.am/file/article/1._bajin_1_182-311.pdf) (PDF).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Kiesling_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Kiesling_2-1) Kiesling, Brady (June 2000). [*Rediscovering Armenia: An Archaeological/Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia*](https://corpora.tika.apache.org/base/docs/govdocs1/280/280968.pdf) (PDF). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211106180826/https://corpora.tika.apache.org/base/docs/govdocs1/280/280968.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 6 November 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_3-1) [Bournoutian, George A.](/source/George_Bournoutian) (2018). [*Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914*](https://m.vk.com/doc278943367_618038722?hash=jAqVew1rS2HAJ5umtdy6Q9oMhappCSV2wVQtujeUo6X). Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: [Routledge](/source/Routledge). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-351-06260-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-06260-2). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1037283914](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1037283914).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Nişanyan, Sevan. ["Berdkunk"](https://nisanyanyeradlari.com/?yer=66812&haritasi=berdkunk). *Index Anatolicus* (in Turkish). Retrieved 31 January 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_5-1) [*Кавказский календарь на 1910 год*](https://www.prlib.ru/item/417314) [*Caucasian calendar for 1910*] (in Russian) (65th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1910. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220315211448/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417314) from the original on 15 March 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_6-1) Korkotyan, Zaven (1932). [Խորհրդային Հայաստանի բնակչությունը վերջին հարյուրամյակում (1831-1931)](https://web.archive.org/web/20220202085400/http://haygirk.nla.am/upload/1512-1940/1901-1940/hayastani_bnakchutyuny_1932.pdf) [*[The population of Soviet Armenia in the last century (1831–1931)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110752153)*] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Pethrat. Archived from [the original](http://haygirk.nla.am/upload/1512-1940/1901-1940/hayastani_bnakchutyuny_1932.pdf) (PDF) on 2 February 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["HelpMe.am - Berdkunk (White Fortress)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031081413/https://helpme.am/en/place/detail/1656-reviews-attractions-yerevan-berdkunk-white-fortress). Archived from [the original](https://helpme.am/en/place/detail/1656-reviews-attractions-yerevan-berdkunk-white-fortress) on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2021-02-11.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-dictionary_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-dictionary_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-dictionary_8-2) [*Հայաստանի Հանրապետության բնակավայրերի բառարան*](https://web.archive.org/web/20180311232523/http://www.cadastre.am/storage/files/pages/pg_907871769_HH_bnak._bar..pdf) [*Republic of Armenia settlements dictionary*] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Cadastre Committee of the Republic of Armenia. 2008. Archived from [the original](http://www.cadastre.am/storage/files/pages/pg_907871769_HH_bnak._bar..pdf) (PDF) on 11 March 2018.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Berdkunk](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Berdkunk).

- [Report of the results of the 2001 Armenian Census](https://armstat.am/file/doc/146.pdf), [Statistical Committee of Armenia](/source/Statistical_Committee_of_Armenia)

- Kiesling, Brady (June 2000). [*Rediscovering Armenia: An Archaeological/Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia*](https://corpora.tika.apache.org/base/docs/govdocs1/280/280968.pdf) (PDF). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211106180826/https://corpora.tika.apache.org/base/docs/govdocs1/280/280968.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 6 November 2021.

v t e Gegharkunik Province Capital: Gavar Urban settlements Chambarak Gavar Martuni Sevan Vardenis Chambarak Municipality Antaramej Artsvashen Aygut Barepat Chapkut Dprabak Dzoravank Getik Kalavan Martuni (village) Ttujur Vahan Gavar Municipality Berdkunk Gandzak Gegharkunik Hayravank Karmirgyugh Lanjaghbyur Lchap Noratus Sarukhan Tsaghkashen Tsovazard Martuni Municipality Artsvanist Astghadzor Atdash Dzoragyugh Geghhovit Lernakert Lichk Madina Nerkin Getashen Nshkhark Tsakkar Tsovasar Tsovinar Vaghashen Vardadzor Vardenik Verin Getashen Yeranos Zolakar Sevan Municipality Chkalovka Ddmashen Gagarin Geghamavan Lchashen Norashen Semyonovka Tsaghkunk Tsovagyugh Varser Zovaber Shoghakat Municipality Aghberk Artanish Drakhtik Jil Shoghakat Tsapatagh Vardenis Municipality Akhpradzor Akunk Areguni Arpunk Avazan Ayrk Azat Daranak Geghakar Geghamabak Geghamasar Jaghatsadzor Kakhakn Karchaghbyur Khachaghbyur Kut Kutakan Lchavan Lusakunk Makenis Mets Masrik Nerkin Shorzha Norabak Norakert Pambak Pokr Masrik Shatjrek Shatvan Sotk Torfavan Tretuk Tsovak Vanevan Verin Shorzha Zariver

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