# Beleriand

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Fictional Western region in Tolkien's legendarium

Beleriand J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium location In-universe information Type large region Locations Arvernien, Doriath, Falas, Nargothrond, Nevrast, Ossiriand, Taur-im-Duinath Position northwestern Middle-earth Period Start of Years of the Trees to end of First Age

In [J. R. R. Tolkien](/source/J._R._R._Tolkien)'s fictional [legendarium](/source/Tolkien's_legendarium), **Beleriand** (Sindarin pronunciation: [\[bɛˈlɛ.ri.and\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA)) was a region in northwestern [Middle-earth](/source/Middle-earth) during the [First Age](/source/First_Age). Events in Beleriand are described chiefly in his work *[The Silmarillion](/source/The_Silmarillion)*: It tells the story of the early Ages of Middle-earth, in a style similar to that of the epics of Nordic literature—stories pervaded by a tone of impending doom. Beleriand also appears in the works *[The Book of Lost Tales](/source/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales)*, *[The Children of Húrin](/source/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin)*, and *[The Lays of Beleriand](/source/The_Lays_of_Beleriand)*.

In Tolkien's early writing, he coined many prospective names for the region. Among them were *[Broceliand](/source/Broc%C3%A9liande)*, the name of an enchanted forest in medieval romance, and *Ingolondë*—a play on the name *England*—when he hoped to root [a mythology for England](/source/A_mythology_for_England) in the region. The scholar [Gergely Nagy](/source/Gergely_Nagy_(scholar)) looked at the prose of the *Silmarillion* and found what may be evidence of the structure and syntax of Beleriand's poetry.

## Fictional history

Beleriand was lost beneath the sea at the end of the [First Age](/source/First_Age).[1] The outlines of the continents are purely schematic.

Further information: [Quenta Silmarillion](/source/Quenta_Silmarillion)

Events in Beleriand are described chiefly in the second half of the *[Quenta Silmarillion](/source/Quenta_Silmarillion)*,[T 1] which tells the story of the early ages of Middle-earth in a style similar to the epic hero tales of [Norse mythology](/source/Norse_mythology).[2] Beleriand also appears in the works *[The Book of Lost Tales](/source/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales)*,[3] *[The Children of Húrin](/source/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin)*,[4] and in the epic poems of *[The Lays of Beleriand](/source/The_Lays_of_Beleriand)*.[T 2]

The land is occupied by [Teleri](/source/Teleri) [Elves](/source/Elves_(Middle-Earth)) of King [Thingol](/source/Thingol) from the east, who founded the city of Menegroth in the [forest realm](/source/Trees_and_forests_in_Middle-earth) of Doriath. Other Elves, the [Vanyar](/source/Vanyar) and [Noldor](/source/Noldor), cross the [Belegaer](/source/Belegaer) sea to [Valinor](/source/Valinor). Some of the Noldor return to Beleriand to retrieve the [Silmarils](/source/Silmarils) from the evil [Vala](/source/Valar) [Morgoth](/source/Morgoth), but they are resented by the Teleri. Later, [Men](/source/Men_(Middle-earth)) arrive from the east.[5] Morgoth gathers an army of [Orcs](/source/Orc), [Balrogs](/source/Balrog) and [other monsters](/source/Tolkien's_monsters) in his fortress of Angband beneath the Thangorodrim mountains in the north of Beleriand, and attacks the Elves repeatedly. Despite the threat, Thingol refuses to fight alongside the Noldor. One by one, the realm of Doriath as well as the Noldor kingdoms Nargothrond and Gondolin fall to assaults, assisted by betrayals and disputes among Elves, Men, and [Dwarves](/source/Dwarves_(Middle-earth)).[6] Finally, Eärendil crosses the Belegaer Sea to ask the Valar to stop Morgoth. They send an army to overcome Morgoth in the [War of Wrath](/source/War_of_Wrath). This ends the [First Age](/source/First_Age) of Middle-earth: Angband is destroyed, and Morgoth is banished to the void. Beleriand's inhabitants flee, and much of Beleriand sinks into the sea.[T 3] Only a small section of the eastern edge of Beleriand survives, including part of the [Ered Luin](/source/Ered_Luin) (Blue Mountain) range and the land of [Lindon](/source/Lindon_(Middle-earth)), which became part of the far northwestern shore of Middle-earth.[T 4]

## Fictional geography

Further information: [Geography of Middle-earth](/source/Geography_of_Middle-earth)

Sketch map of Beleriand. The [Ered Luin](/source/Ered_Luin) on the right of the map are on extreme left of the [map of Middle-earth](/source/Geography_of_Middle-earth), marking the part of Beleriand not destroyed at the end of the [First Age](/source/First_Age).

Beleriand is a region in the far northwest of [Middle-earth](/source/Middle-earth), bordering the great sea, [Belegaer](/source/Belegaer). It is bounded to the north by the Ered Engrin, the Iron Mountains, and to the east by the Ered Luin, the Blue Mountains.[T 5]

Places in Beleriand Place Description Arvernien The southernmost region of Beleriand, bordered on the east by the Mouths of Sirion. It contained the birch forest of Nimbrethil, mentioned in the poem "Song of Eärendil", which Frodo hears in Rivendell: "Eärendil was a mariner / that tarried in Arvernien; / he built a boat of timber felled / in Nimbrethil to journey in; ..."[T 6][T 7] Dor Daedeloth ("Land of the Shadow of Dread") Far to the north, the area around Morgoth's fortress of Angband under the peaks of Thangorodrim, and the Ered Engrin, the Iron Mountains.[T 5] Doriath ("Land of the fence", i.e. the Girdle of Melian) The realm of the Sindar, the Grey Elves of King Thingol.[T 5][T 8] The Falas ("shore") The realm of Círdan the Shipwright and his Sindar Elves in the years of Starlight and the First Age of the Sun. They lived in two havens, Eglarest at the mouth of the River Nenning, and Brithombar at the mouth of the River Brithon. The Havens were besieged during the First Battle of Beleriand. When the Havens were destroyed, Círdan's people fled to the Mouths of Sirion and the Isle of Balar.[T 9] Gondolin ("hidden rock") A hidden city of Elves in the north of Beleriand, founded by Turgon, and hidden from Morgoth by mountains.[T 10] Hithlum ("mist-shadow") The region north of Beleriand near the icy Helcaraxë. It contains Mithrim, where the High Kings of the Noldor had their halls, and Dor-lómin, later a fief of Men of the House of Hador. Hithlum was cold and rainy, but fertile.[T 5] It is bordered by mountains; to the east and south by the Ered Wethrin, and to the west by the Ered Lómin.[T 11] Lammoth Shoreline west of the Ered Lómin. Named from Morgoth's great cry while fighting Ungoliant, the echoes of which ever lingered there.[T 12] March of Maedhros The northeastern border region of Beleriand. A great fortress was built on the hill of Himring, the chief stronghold of Maedhros, from which he guarded the area.[T 5] It was the only fortress to survive the Dagor Bragollach, the Battle of Sudden Flame; the forces of Angband captured it in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, the Battle of Unnumbered Tears.[T 13] After the Drowning of Beleriand, the peak of Himring remained above the waves as an island.[T 14] The gap in the mountains to the south of this area was known as Maglor's Gap.[T 5] Nargothrond ("underground fortress on the river Narog") Built by Finrod Felagund, delved into the banks of the river Narog in Beleriand.[T 15] Nevrast ("hither shore", as opposed to Aman) A coastal region in the north of Beleriand; its city is Vinyamar.[T 5] It was the centre of Turgon's Elven kingdom until people left for Gondolin.[7] Ossiriand ("land of seven rivers") The most easterly region of Beleriand during the First Age, between the Ered Luin and the river Gelion. It is a green and forested land.[T 5] The rivers are the Gelion, and its six tributaries: Ascar, Thalos, Legolin, Brilthor, Duilwen and Adurant.[T 11]

## Analysis

### Naming

Tolkien borrowed the [Arthurian](/source/Arthurian_legend) place-name [Brocéliande](/source/Broc%C3%A9liande), an enchanted forest, for an early version of Beleriand.[8] Detail of 1868 illustration by [Gustave Doré](/source/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9)

Further information: [England in Middle-earth](/source/England_in_Middle-earth)

Beleriand had many different names in Tolkien's early writings, including [Broceliand](/source/Broc%C3%A9liande), the name of an enchanted forest in medieval romance,[8] Golodhinand, Noldórinan ("valley of the Noldor"), Geleriand, Bladorinand, Belaurien, Arsiriand, Lassiriand, and Ossiriand (later used for the easternmost part of Beleriand).[T 16]

One of Beleriand's early names was Ingolondë, a play on "England", part of Tolkien's long-held but ultimately unsuccessful aim to create what Shippey calls "a mighty patron for his country, a foundation-myth more far-reaching than [Hengest and Horsa](/source/Hengist_and_Horsa), one to which he could graft his own stories."[9] Tolkien's aim had been to root his [mythology for England](/source/England_in_Middle-earth) in the scraps of names and myths that had survived, and to situate it in a land in the northwest of the continent, by the sea.[9]

### A sense of doom

Men flee into Beleriand from the East: perhaps, Shippey writes, they were expelled from [Eden](/source/Garden_of_Eden).[5] Painting by [D. di Michelino](/source/Domenico_di_Michelino), c. 1460

Shippey writes that the *Quenta Silmarillion* has a tightly-woven plot, each part leading ultimately to tragedy. There are three Hidden Elvish Kingdoms in Beleriand, founded by relatives, and they are each betrayed and destroyed. The Kingdoms are each penetrated by a mortal Man, again all related to each other; and the sense of doom, which Shippey glosses as "future disaster", hangs heavy over all of the characters in the tale.[6]

Tom Shippey's analysis of the Hidden Kingdoms of Beleriand[6] Hidden Kingdom Elvish Kings (all relatives) Man who penetrates the Kingdom Result Nargothrond Finrod Túrin City destroyed Doriath Thingol Beren Gondolin Turgon Tuor

3 related Kings and 3 related intruders into their Hidden Kingdoms[T 17][T 18] Melian the Maia THINGOL of the Teleri (Doriath) House of Bëor House of Haleth House of Hador Finwë of the Noldor Indis of the Vanyar Barahir Belegund Hareth Galdor Fingolfin Finarfin Lúthien BEREN Rían Huor Húrin TURGON (Gondolin) FINROD (Nargothrond) TÚRIN TUOR Idril Key: Elves King (Realm) Men Intruder Maiar

Shippey writes that the human race seen in Beleriand in the [First Age](/source/First_Age) did not "originate 'on stage' in Beleriand, but drifts into it, already sundered in speech, from the East [the main part of Middle-earth]. There something terrible has happened to them of which they will not speak: 'A darkness lies behind us... and we have turned our backs upon it'".[5] He comments that the reader is free to [assume the Christian interpretation](/source/Christianity_in_Middle-earth) that the Satanic [Morgoth](/source/Morgoth) has carried out the [Biblical serpent](/source/Satan)'s temptation of [Adam and Eve](/source/Adam_and_Eve), and that "the incoming [Edain](/source/Edain) and [Easterlings](/source/Easterling_(Middle-earth)) are all descendants of Adam flying from [Eden](/source/Garden_of_Eden) and subject to the curse of [Babel](/source/Tower_of_Babel)."[5]

### "Lost" poetry

See also: [Tolkien's poetry](/source/Tolkien's_poetry) and [The Lays of Beleriand](/source/The_Lays_of_Beleriand)

The Tolkien scholar [Gergely Nagy](/source/Gergely_Nagy_(scholar)), writing in 2004, notes that *The Silmarillion* does not contain explicitly embedded samples of Beleriand's poetry in its prose, as Tolkien had done with his many [poems in *The Lord of the Rings*](/source/Poetry_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings). Instead, the prose of *The Silmarillion* hints repeatedly at the structure and syntax of its "lost" poetry. Nagy notes [David Bratman](/source/David_Bratman)'s description of the book as containing prose styles that he classifies as "the Annalistic, [the] Antique, and the Appendical". The implication of the range of styles is that *The Silmarillion* is meant to represent, in [Christopher Tolkien](/source/Christopher_Tolkien)'s words, "a compilation, a compendious narrative, made long afterwards from sources of great diversity (poems, and annals, and oral tales)".[10][T 4] Nagy infers from verse-like fragments of text in *The Silmarillion* that the poetry of Beleriand used [alliteration](/source/Alliteration), [rhyme](/source/Rhyme), and [rhythm](/source/Metre_(poetry)) including possibly [iambics](/source/Iambic_pentameter).[10]

This applies to the [Ainulindalë](/source/Ainulindal%C3%AB), Tolkien's account of the godlike [Ainur](/source/Ainur_in_Middle-earth):

Gergely Nagy's analysis of poem-like prose in the Ainulindalë[10] Ainulindalë,[T 19] with Nagy's emphasis Nagy's commentary and they built lands and Melkor destroyed them; valleys they delved and Melkor raised them up; mountains they carved and Melkor threw them down; seas they hollowed and Melkor spilled them; Prose adapted from poetry, with "rhetorics" and "stricter syntactic patterns"; parataxis and balanced clauses "bearing a structural and thematic similarity"

It applies, too, to the narrative of Elves and Men in the Beleriand landscape, in the *Quenta Silmarillion*:

Nagy's analysis of poem-like prose in the Quenta Silmarillion[10] Poem-like prose[T 20] with Nagy's emphasis Nagy's commentary But there was a deep way under the mountains delved in the darkness of the world by the waters that flowed out to join the streams of Sirion. "Alliteration and rhythm are beautifully seen together"

In a few places, it is possible to relate the adapted verse in the prose to actual verse in [Tolkien's legendarium](/source/Tolkien's_legendarium). This can be done, for instance, in parts of the story of [Túrin](/source/T%C3%BArin_Turambar). Here, he realizes he has just killed his friend [Beleg](/source/Beleg):[10]

Nagy's analysis of adapted verse lines in the Quenta Silmarillion[10] "Adapted verse lines"[T 21] with Nagy's emphasis The verse Túrin (1273–1274) Nagy's commentary Then Túrin stood stone still and silent, staring on that dreadful death, knowing what he had done. stone-faced he stood standing frozen on that dreadful death his deed knowing "Nearly all the alliterating words, together with the alliteration pattern itself, doubtless derive from the poem; the imagery and to some extent the very phrasing of this very moving central scene ... [are] virtually unchanged."

## See also

- [Belerion](/source/Belerion)

## References

### Primary

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), chs. 13–24

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Tolkien_1985_6-0)** [Tolkien 1985](#CITEREFTolkien1985), Preface

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Voyage_9-0)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), ch. 24 Of the Voyage of Earendil and the War of Wrath

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Foreword_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Foreword_10-1) [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), Foreword

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Beleriand_and_its_Realms_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Beleriand_and_its_Realms_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Beleriand_and_its_Realms_11-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Beleriand_and_its_Realms_11-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Beleriand_and_its_Realms_11-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Beleriand_and_its_Realms_11-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Beleriand_and_its_Realms_11-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Beleriand_and_its_Realms_11-7) [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), ch. 14 "Of Beleriand and its Realms"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Many_Meetings_12-0)** [Tolkien 1954a](#CITEREFTolkien1954a), book 2, ch. 1 "Many Meetings"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), "Index of Names", "Arvernien"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), "Index of Names", "Doriath"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sindar_15-0)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), ch. 10 "Of the Sindar"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), "Index of Names", "Gondolin"

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Map_of_Beleriand_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Map_of_Beleriand_17-1) [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), Map of Beleriand and the lands to the north

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Flight_of_the_Noldor_18-0)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), ch. 9 "Of the Flight of the Noldor"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** [Tolkien 1994](#CITEREFTolkien1994), "The Grey Annals", p. 77

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** See *[The Treason of Isengard](/source/The_Treason_of_Isengard)*, p. 124 and note 18, and *[Unfinished Tales](/source/Unfinished_Tales)*, note on map in Introduction.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Return_of_the_Noldor_21-0)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), ch. 13 "Of the Return of the Noldor"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** [Tolkien 1986](#CITEREFTolkien1986), "Commentary on Canto I"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Temp_Silm_26-0)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age": Family Trees I and II: "The house of Finwë and the Noldorin descent of Elrond and Elros", and "The descendants of Olwë and Elwë"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Temp_RotK_27-0)** [Tolkien 1955](#CITEREFTolkien1955), Appendix A: Annals of the Kings and Rulers, I The Númenórean Kings

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ainulindalë_29-0)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), [Ainulindalë](/source/Ainulindal%C3%AB)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Noldor_in_Beleriand_30-0)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), ch. 15 Of the Noldor in Beleriand

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Túrin_Turambar_31-0)** [Tolkien 1977](#CITEREFTolkien1977), ch. 21 Of Túrin Turambar

### Secondary

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_p324_1-0)** [Shippey 2005](#CITEREFShippey2005), pp. 324–328

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Gardner, John (23 October 1977). ["Book Review: *The Silmarillion*, *The World of Tolkien*"](https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/23/archives/the-world-of-tolkien-tolkien.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Tritel, Barbara (24 May 1984). ["Book Review: *The Book of Lost Tales*, Language and Prehistory of the Elves"](https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/27/books/language-and-prehistory-of-the-elves.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Crace, John](/source/John_Crace_(writer)) (4 April 2007). ["Book Review: *The Children of Húrin* by JRR Tolkien"](https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/apr/28/jrrtolkien.fiction). *[The Guardian](/source/The_Guardian)*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005268_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005268_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005268_7-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005268_7-3) [Shippey 2005](#CITEREFShippey2005), p. 268.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005287–296_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005287–296_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005287–296_8-2) [Shippey 2005](#CITEREFShippey2005), pp. 287–296.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Garth_2020_22-0)** [Garth 2020](#CITEREFGarth2020), p. 65

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Fimi_2007_23-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Fimi_2007_23-1) [Fimi, Dimitra](/source/Dimitra_Fimi) (2007). "Tolkien's 'Celtic type of legends': Merging Traditions". *[Tolkien Studies](/source/Tolkien_Studies)*. **4**: 53–72. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1353/tks.2007.0015](https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ftks.2007.0015). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [170176739](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170176739).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005349–351_25-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShippey2005349–351_25-1) [Shippey 2005](#CITEREFShippey2005), pp. 349–351.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nagy_2004_28-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nagy_2004_28-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Nagy_2004_28-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Nagy_2004_28-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Nagy_2004_28-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Nagy_2004_28-5) [Nagy, Gergely](/source/Gergely_Nagy_(scholar)) (2004). ["The Adapted Text: The Lost Poetry of Beleriand"](https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ftks.2004.0012). *[Tolkien Studies](/source/Tolkien_Studies)*. **1** (1): 21–41. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1353/tks.2004.0012](https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ftks.2004.0012). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [170087216](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170087216).

## Sources

- [Garth, John](/source/John_Garth_(author)) (2020). [*The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien: The Places that Inspired Middle-earth*](/source/The_Worlds_of_J._R._R._Tolkien). London: [Frances Lincoln](/source/Frances_Lincoln). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-7112-4127-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7112-4127-5). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1181910875](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1181910875).

- [Shippey, Tom](/source/Tom_Shippey) (2005) [1982]. [*The Road to Middle-Earth: How J. R. R. Tolkien Created a New Mythology*](/source/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth) (Third ed.). [HarperCollins](/source/HarperCollins). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-261-10275-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0).

- [Tolkien, J. R. R.](/source/J._R._R._Tolkien) (1954a). *[The Fellowship of the Ring](/source/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring)*. *[The Lord of the Rings](/source/The_Lord_of_the_Rings)*. Boston: [Houghton Mifflin](/source/Houghton_Mifflin). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [9552942](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9552942).

- [Tolkien, J. R. R.](/source/J._R._R._Tolkien) (1955). *[The Return of the King](/source/The_Return_of_the_King)*. *[The Lord of the Rings](/source/The_Lord_of_the_Rings)*. Boston: [Houghton Mifflin](/source/Houghton_Mifflin). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [519647821](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/519647821).

- [Tolkien, J. R. R.](/source/J._R._R._Tolkien) (1977). [Christopher Tolkien](/source/Christopher_Tolkien) (ed.). *[The Silmarillion](/source/The_Silmarillion)*. Boston: [Houghton Mifflin](/source/Houghton_Mifflin). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-395-25730-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-25730-2).

- [Tolkien, J. R. R.](/source/J._R._R._Tolkien) (1985). [Christopher Tolkien](/source/Christopher_Tolkien) (ed.). *[The Lays of Beleriand](/source/The_Lays_of_Beleriand)*. Boston: [Houghton Mifflin](/source/Houghton_Mifflin). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-395-39429-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-39429-5).

- [Tolkien, J. R. R.](/source/J._R._R._Tolkien) (1986). [Christopher Tolkien](/source/Christopher_Tolkien) (ed.). *[The Shaping of Middle-earth](/source/The_Shaping_of_Middle-earth)*. Boston: [Houghton Mifflin](/source/Houghton_Mifflin). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-395-42501-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-42501-5).

- [Tolkien, J. R. R.](/source/J._R._R._Tolkien) (1994). [Christopher Tolkien](/source/Christopher_Tolkien) (ed.). *[The War of the Jewels](/source/The_War_of_the_Jewels)*. Boston: [Houghton Mifflin](/source/Houghton_Mifflin). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-395-71041-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-71041-3).

## External links

- [Parma Endorion: Essays on Middle-earth](https://web.archive.org/web/20060512052308/http://www.ebookbroadcast.com/ebooks/parma_endorion.pdf) (3rd edition) by [Michael Martinez](/source/Michael_Martinez_(Tolkien_scholar))

v t e Middle-earth J. R. R. Tolkien Bibliography Canon Legendarium Outline Works In Tolkien's lifetime The Hobbit (1937) The Lord of the Rings (1954–55) The Fellowship of the Ring "The Shadow of the Past" "The Council of Elrond" The Two Towers The Return of the King "The Scouring of the Shire" "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (1962) Posthumous The Silmarillion (1977) "Ainulindalë" Unfinished Tales (1980) The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien (1981) Bilbo's Last Song (1990) The three "Great Tales" The Children of Húrin (2007) Beren and Lúthien (2017) The Fall of Gondolin (2018) The Fall of Númenor (2022) History of composition History of Middle-earth [1–2] The Book of Lost Tales (1983–84) Ælfwine [3] The Lays of Beleriand (1985) [4] The Shaping of Middle-earth (1986) [5] The Lost Road and Other Writings (1987) The Etymologies Lhammas [6–9] The History of The Lord of the Rings (1988–1992) The Notion Club Papers [10] Morgoth's Ring (1993) [11] The War of the Jewels (1994) [12] The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996) Others John D. Rateliff The History of The Hobbit (2007) Carl F. Hostetter The Nature of Middle-earth (2021) Fictional universe Peoples, monsters Ainur Maiar Balrogs Wizards Valar Dragons Ancalagon Smaug Dwarves Eagles Elves Half-elven Noldor Sundering Ents Hobbits Men Beornings Drúedain Dúnedain Orcs Trolls Characters First and Second Ages Celebrimbor Eärendil and Elwing Elendil Fëanor Fingolfin Finwë and Míriel Gil-galad Húrin Isildur Lúthien and Beren Melian Morgoth Thingol Tuor and Idril Túrin Turambar Ungoliant Third Age Elrond Galadriel Gandalf Glorfindel Goldberry Gollum Saruman Sauron Tom Bombadil Places First and Second Ages Beleriand Númenor Valinor Third Age Bree Esgaroth Gondor Harad Isengard Lonely Mountain Lothlórien Mirkwood Mordor Moria Rivendell Rohan The Shire Bag End Objects Mithril Palantír Red Book of Westmarch Rings of Power One Ring Silmarils Two Trees of Valinor List of weapons and armour Analysis Elements Artwork Family trees Heraldry Languages Adûnaic Black Speech Elvish Quenya Sindarin Khuzdul Valarin Westron Maps Tolkien's poetry Scripts Cirth Sarati Tengwar Themes Anachronism Ancestry as guide to character Architecture Christianity Cosmology Round World dilemma Death and immortality Decline and fall Dreams and visions Economy England Environmentalism Evil First World War Forests Frame stories Hell Heroism Light Luck and fate Magic Mental illness Modernism Moral dilemma Music Naming of weapons Northern courage Old Straight Road Paganism Plants Psychological journeys Quests Sound and language Time Trees Literary Tolkien's impact on fantasy Influences Beowulf Celtic Classical world Finnish language and literature Medieval Modern William Morris Norse Philology Shakespeare Prose style Ambiguity A mythology for England Geographic Geology The Atlas of Middle-earth Journeys of Frodo A Map of Middle-earth Adaptations, legacy Illustrators Pauline Baynes Cor Blok Anke Eißmann Brothers Hildebrandt Jenny Dolfen Mary Fairburn Donato Giancola John Howe Tove Jansson Alexander Korotich Alan Lee Tom Loback Margrethe II of Denmark Ted Nasmith Composers Bo Hansson Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings Leonard Rosenman Music of The Lord of the Rings, 1978 Johan de Meij Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings Howard Shore Music of The Lord of the Rings film series Music of The Hobbit film series Music of The Rings of Power TV series Bear McCreary Music of The Rings of Power TV series Stephen Gallagher Music of The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim Blind Guardian Nightfall in Middle-Earth Settings Donald Swann The Road Goes Ever On Poems and Songs of Middle Earth The Tolkien Ensemble An Evening in Rivendell A Night in Rivendell At Dawn in Rivendell Leaving Rivendell Other media Impact Middle-earth Enterprises Works inspired by Tolkien Fan fiction Film Calendars Video games Things named after Tolkien and his works Literary criticism The Complete Guide to Middle-earth A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien Interrupted Music Master of Middle-Earth Picturing Tolkien A Question of Time J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion Perilous Realms The Road to Middle-Earth Splintered Light Tolkien and the Invention of Myth Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England' Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings A Tolkien Compass Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth Tolkien, Race and Cultural History Tolkien's Legendarium Tolkien and the Great War The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Beleriand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beleriand) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beleriand?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.