# Begtse

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Mongol and Tibetan Buddhist deity

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Tsam mask in a performance in [Ulan-Ude](/source/Ulan-Ude) (2011)

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**Begtse** (Tibetan: བེག་ཚེ་, Wylie: *beg tse chen lcam sring*; "Begtse the Great Coat of Mail") is a [dharmapala](/source/Dharmapala) and the lord of war in [Tibetan Buddhism](/source/Tibetan_Buddhism), originally a pre-Buddhist war god of the [Mongols](/source/Mongols).[1]

## Name

The name **Begtse** is a loanword from Mongolian *begder*, meaning "coat of mail". He is also given the name and epithet **Jamsaran** (Tibetan: ལག་མིང་གསུམ་པ་, *lCam sring*), meaning "Great Coat of Mail", which is a translation of the Mongolian.[2]

## Description

Begtse is depicted with red skin and orange-red hair, possessing two arms (as opposed to other [Mahākālas](/source/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81la), who have four or six), three blood-shot eyes, and wielding a sword in his right hand. In his left hand, he holds a human heart. His right arm also holds a bow and arrow and a halberd with a banner. He wears a chainmail shirt, which gave rise to his name, Jamsaran, and a Mongolian helmet adorned with a crown of five skulls and four banners at the back. He is accompanied by his consort, Rikpay Lhamo, and his main general, Laihansorgodog. Surrounding them are Jamsaran's satellites, the twenty-nine butchers.[3]

## Culture

Jamsaran is represented in Mongolian, and to a lesser extent Tibetan, [Cham dance](/source/Cham_dance).[4]

## See also

- *[Beg tse](/source/Beg_tse)*, a ceratopsian dinosaur named after the deity[5]

- [King Gesar](/source/Epic_of_King_Gesar), regarded as an incarnation of Jamsaran[6]

- [Roman von Ungern-Sternberg](/source/Roman_von_Ungern-Sternberg), called an incarnation of Jamsaran by his followers[7]

## Citations

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Chiodo, Elisabetta. "The Mongolian Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences." *Asiatische Forschungen*, 2000, p.149.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Chiodo, 2000, p.149

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Pegg, Carole. *Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative*, 2001, p.158

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Pegg, 2001, pp.158–159

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Yu, Congyu; Prieto-Marquez, Albert; Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar; Badamkhatan, Zorigt; Norell, Mark (2020-09-10). ["A neoceratopsian dinosaur from the early Cretaceous of Mongolia and the early evolution of ceratopsia"](https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-01222-7). *Communications Biology*. **3** (1): 499. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s42003-020-01222-7](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42003-020-01222-7). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2399-3642](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2399-3642). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7484756](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7484756).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Chiodo, 2000, p.149, footnote 11

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Kuzmin, Sergius L. ["Кузьмин С.Л., Митруев Б.Л. 2023. Барон Р.Ф. фон Унгерн-Штернберг как бог войны: исторические и религиозные основания (Kuzmin S.L., Mitruev B.L. 2023. Baron R. F. von Ungern-Sternberg as the God of War: historical and religious grounds)"](https://www.academia.edu/110886921/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1_%D0%9B_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%91_%D0%9B_2023_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0_%D0%A4_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_Kuzmin_S_L_Mitruev_B_L_2023_Baron_R_F_von_Ungern_Sternberg_as_the_God_of_War_historical_and_religious_grounds_). *Oriental Courier*. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.18254/S268684310028202-0](https://doi.org/10.18254%2FS268684310028202-0).

## General and cited references

- Chiodo, Elisabetta (2000). ["The Mongolian Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences"](https://books.google.com/books?id=WJVDPztWJ7sC&pg=PA149). *Asiatische Forschungen*. **137**. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9783447042468](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783447042468). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0571-320X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0571-320X).

- Pegg, Carole (2001). [*Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative*](https://books.google.com/books?id=gKRrVu0fBn8C&pg=PA158). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780295981123](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295981123).

## External links

- [Himalayan Art Resources.](http://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=137)

- [https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134355/http://www.thangka.ru/gallery/ge_jamsaran.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134355/http://www.thangka.ru/gallery/ge_jamsaran.html)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Begtse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begtse) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begtse?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.