# Batalo

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo
> Source revision: 1306076870
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{{Short description|14th century Bosnian nobleman}}
{{Infobox noble
| name              = Batalo Šantić
| title             = [Knyaz](/source/Knyaz)
| image             = 
| caption           = 
| alt               = 
| CoA               = 
| more              = no 
| succession        = [Tepčija](/source/Tep%C4%8Dija)
| reign             = 1392–1404
| reign-type        = 
| predecessor       = Milat 
| successor         = Sladoje
| suc-type          = 
| spouse            = Resa [Vukčić](/source/Hrvatini%C4%87_noble_family)
| spouse-type       = 
| issue             = Vuk, Stefan i Ostoja Tepčić
| issue-link        = 
| issue-pipe        = 
| native_name       = 
| noble family      = [Šantić noble family](/source/%C5%A0anti%C4%87_noble_family)
| house-type        = 
| father            = unknown, probably Dragoš Šantić
| mother            = 
| birth_name        =
| birth_date        = before 1391<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| birth_place       = unknown
| death_date        = 1404<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| death_place       = 
| burial_date       = 
| burial_place      = Crkvine, [Turbe](/source/Turbe%2C_Travnik)
| memorials         = {{coord|44.2386|17.5719|type:landmark_region:XX|display=inline|name=Batalo's tomb}} Mausoleum and the crypt at the hill Crkvine, [Turbe](/source/Turbe%2C_Travnik) ([Travnik](/source/Travnik))<ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba">{{cite web |title=The archaeological site of Batalo's Tomb in Turbe – KONS |url=http://old.kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=50&lang=4&action=view&id=2531 |website=old.kons.gov.ba |publisher=Commission to preserve national monuments (KONS) |access-date=28 June 2018 |language=en, bs |date=25 January 2005 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707034518/http://old.kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=50&lang=4&action=view&id=2531 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| module            = 
|honorific prefix=[Gospodin](/source/Gospodin)}}

'''Batalo Šantić''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Батало Шантић}}; before 1391–1404), who is simply known as '''Batalo''', in some research also '''Batal''', was a medieval Bosnian [nobleman](/source/Nobility) from Lašva. He was the holder of the medieval Bosnian title of ''"[tepčija](/source/tep%C4%8Dija)"''. In [Medieval Bosnia](/source/Medieval_Bosnia) the title of tepčija appeared some time during 13th century and was in use until second half of the 14th century. The function of a ''tepčija'' was to oversee the country's feudal estates.<ref name="umetnosti2007">{{cite book|author=Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti|title=Glas, vols. 408–410|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9847AQAAIAAJ|year=2007|page=23}}</ref>

==Life==
Batalo belonged to a medieval Bosnian Šantić family, who were lords of Lašva region. He married Resa Vukčić of the Vukčić noble family, [cadet branch](/source/cadet_branch) of [Hrvatinić](/source/Hrvatini%C4%87_noble_family), and sister of [Bosnian Grand Duke](/source/Grand_Duke_of_Bosnia), [Hrvoje Vukčić](/source/Hrvoje_Vuk%C4%8Di%C4%87), and had three sons, Vuk, Stefan and Ostoja, who were known by their last name Šantić or Tepčić.
Marrying the sister of the Bosnian Grand Duke elevated Batalo's status and gave him lordship over the medieval Sana region, or at least over some of its parts and gave him and his family the title [Prince](/source/Prince) [of Split](/source/Split%2C_Croatia). His seat was at the fortress of [Toričan](/source/Tori%C4%8Dan_fortress), above the contemporary Varošluk village near [Travnik](/source/Travnik).<ref>„Сеи справи књиге тепачија Батало, кои бише много славан' кои др'жаше Торичан и Лашву, а за ним' бише госпоја Реса. Вукца вое(вод)е кћи: А бише он един' брат'и вое(во)да босан'ски, а други кнез' босан'ски, а трети бан' хр'ватски. А тада Батало тепачија др'жаше Сану и гредише му на возиницих' вино ис Кремене у Торичан', а он' бише много доб'р добрим' људем' и много славан' добрим' кр'стијан'м и зато га Б(ог)' множаше у вики вјеком'. Ам(и)н'.“ Đ. Sp. Radojičić, Odlomak bogomilskog jevanđelja bosanskog tepačije Batala iz 1393 godine. Izvestija na Instituta za balgarska istorija 14–15, Sofija, 1964, 495–507</ref><ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba"/>
He was the great-granduncle of [Matija Vojsalić](/source/Matija_Vojsali%C4%87) (Titular King of Bosnia).

The first mention of Batalo is found in a deed issued by [King](/source/Bosnian_Kingdom) [Stjepan Dabiša](/source/Stjepan_Dabi%C5%A1a) to the government of [Dubrovnik](/source/Dubrovnik), and dated 17 July 1392. In it, Batalo was named in it as a witness to the deed in capacity of ''tepčija''. He was also, among others, a major influence at Bosnian Court and an adviser to  [Bosnian rulers](/source/List_of_rulers_of_Bosnia) from late 14th century, as well as a confidant of duke Hrvoje Vukčić. Batalo was also recognized by historians as one of the many other major Bosnian noblemen, who were followers of the [Bosnian Church](/source/Bosnian_Church).<ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba"/>

==Batalo's Gospel==
{{main|Batalo's Gospel|List of djed of the Bosnian Church}}
[[File:Batalovof2.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[Rastudije](/source/Rastudije)'s Order with a list of Bosnian Church Djed]]
Batalo's Gospel is dated to 1393. The gospel was written by the scribe (in medieval Bosnia called [dijak](/source/Scribe)) Stanko Kromirijanin. The tepčija Batalo Šantić was the scribe's patron. Four pages of the gospel are preserved, and are held in [National Library of Russia](/source/National_Library_of_Russia) in [Saint Petersburg](/source/Saint_Petersburg). On the third preserved page the scribe Stanko states that he was writing an ornate gospel for Batalo, dating its completion to 1393, two years after [Tvrtko I](/source/Tvrtko_I) death, during the reign of [Dabiša](/source/Dabi%C5%A1a).<ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba"/><ref>“В' име оца и сина и светаго духа. Сеи книге направи тепачија Батало своим' дијаком' Стан'ком Кромиријанином' и оковав' е сребром' и златом' и одлив' кросницоми и приказа е стар'цу Радину. А написаше се сие книге у дни крала Дабише од' ројенија С(и)на Б(о)жија 1393 лито, по умр'ти крала Твр'тка друго лито“, Đorđe Sp. Radojičić, Odlomak bogomilskog jevanđelja bosanskog tepačije Batala iz 1393 godine. Izvestija na Instituta za balgarska istorija 14–15, Sofija, 1964, 495–507;Franjo Šanjek, Bosansko – humski krstjani u povijesnim vrelima (13. – 15. st.), Barbat, Zagreb, 2003, 356</ref> Here we also learn about his fortress Toričan, and his dominion over Sana, as well as  name of his wife, [Resa of Bosnia](/source/Resa_of_Bosnia), sister of [Grand Duke of Bosnia](/source/Grand_Duke_of_Bosnia), [Hrvoje Vukčić](/source/Hrvoje_Vuk%C4%8Di%C4%87_Hrvatini%C4%87).<ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba"/>

On page two, there is a [list of djed of the Bosnian Church](/source/list_of_djed_of_the_Bosnian_Church). Researchers call this list „''Red gospodina Rastudija''“ (Order of Bishop [Rastudije](/source/Rastudije)) and is understood as a list of names of all Bosnian Church bishops before and after him.<ref>Aleksandar Solovjev, Vjersko učenje bosanske crkve, Zagreb 1948, 33</ref><ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba"/>

==Tepčija==
There were two, maybe even three<ref>{{cite book|title=Istorijski glasnik: organ Društva istoričara SR Srbije|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ8WAQAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Društvo}}</ref> levels of the office: the "Veliki Tepčija" (Grand), "Tepčija" and "Mali Tepčija" (Lower). "Veliki Tepčija" took care of the royal estates and held office at the ruler's (Ban, later King) court. "Tepčija", if there was "Lower Tepčija", administrated of all major feudal estates except that which belonged to the Court, where "Lower Tepčija" would than take care of rest of the land.<ref name="umetnosti2007"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Историски гласник: орган Историского друштва НР Србије|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mo5pAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Научна књига|page=25|quote=<!--Добравца-->}}</ref>

==Batalo's mausoleum==
{{Infobox designation list
| embed=no
| designation1 =kons
| designation1_offname    = Batal's grave in Turbe near Travnik, the archaeological site
| designation1_type       = Category I cultural-historical and natural monument
| designation1_criteria   = A, B, C iv.v.vi., D i., G i.ii.iv.v., H i.
| designation1_date       =25 January 2005 <small>(session no.-)</small>
| designation1_partof     =
| designation1_number     = {{KONS|num=2531|short=y}}
| designation1_free1name = Decision no.
| designation1_free1value =05/1-2-284/05-3
| designation1_free2name  =Has parts
| designation1_free2value =-
| designation1_free3name  =List
| designation1_free3value = 
* [List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina](/source/List_of_National_Monuments_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)
}}
[Batalo's mausoleum with a crypt](/source/Batalo's_mausoleum_with_a_crypt) {{nowrap|({{coord|44.2386|17.5719|type:landmark_region:XX|display=inline|name=Batalo's tomb}})}} was discovered in 1915 by Captain Teplý of the [Austro-Hungarian army](/source/Austro-Hungarian_Army), on a hill called Crkvine. The Crkvine locality is multi-layered archaeological site, with cultural and historical continuity dating back to the [Neolithic](/source/Neolithic), through early Roman and late antiquity, to end of the 14th century.<ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba"/>

At the entrance large block of limestone called a [stećak](/source/ste%C4%87ak). Frontal stone plate, dimension 17 x 24&nbsp;cm, carried inscription in [Bosančica](/source/Bosan%C4%8Dica):<ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba"/>
<blockquote>''Original in Bosančica script'': Асє ʌєжн ɣӡʍожɴн ʍɣж mєпvнѣɖ Бɖmɖʌо ɖ пнɖ РɖΔоʍнʌ Δнѣɖк.<br /> ''Transliterated into Latin script'': Ase leži]  uzmo [žni] muž' t [ep']čija Batal[o] bosan'ski a pisa Radomil' ''dijak{{'}}''.<br/>''Translated into English'': Here lies mighty man Bosnian tepčija Batalo so is written by Radomil the ''dijak*''.
<br>
* <small>''dijak=scribe, and / or apprentice, disciple''</small></blockquote>

=== Status and protection ===
Sometime between WWI and WWII a church was built near the tomb, but was demolished during the [WWII](/source/WWII), and in 1970 it was again built on the remaining foundations. The structure was declared a [national monument](/source/National_monument_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) in [Bosnia and Hercegovina](/source/Bosnia_and_Hercegovina).<ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://old.kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=6&lang=1&action=view&id=2532|title=Bazilika u Turbetu|website=kons.gov.ba|access-date=13 July 2016|archive-date=14 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614000407/http://old.kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=6&lang=1&action=view&id=2532|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was confirmed on 25 January 2005 by [KONS](/source/Commission_to_preserve_national_monuments_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) declared mausoleum, archaeological site and movable property, found and stored in [National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina](/source/National_Museum_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina), a [National Monument](/source/List_of_National_Monuments_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref name="Batalos-Tomb-old.kons.gov.ba"/>

== Literature ==
* Amir Kliko, Tepčija Batalo, gospodar župa Sane i Lašve, Divan 45, časopis Bošnjačke zajednice kulture "Preporod", Općinsko društvo Travnik, 2004.
* Blagojević, M., Tepčija, Leksikon srpskog srednjeg veka, Knowledge, Beograd, 1999.,728.
* Truhelka, dr. Ćiro i Patsch, dr. Karlo, Iskopine u dolini Lašve 1893, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu V, Sarajevo, 1893., 685.-707.
* Truhelka, dr. Ćiro, Grobnica bosanskog tepčije Batala, obretena kod Gornjeg Turbeta (Kotar Travnik), Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu XXVII, 1915., 365. -374.
* Petrović, Jozo, Lubanja (calvarium) i dijelovi kostura bosanskoga velmože Batala, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu XXXV, Sarajevo, 1923., 177. – 182. 
* Mandić, Mihovil, Turbe kod Travnika, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu XXXVI, Sarajevo, 1924., 83. – 903. 
* Petrović, Jozo, S arheologom kroz Travnik, posebni otisak iz VI knjige "Narodne starine", Zagreb, 1931.
* Sergejevski, Dušan, Kasno-antički mauzolej u Turbetu, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu VI, 1951., 135.-145.
* Korošec, Josip, Neolitska naseobina na Crkvinama u Turbetu kod Travnika, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu XII, Sarajevo, 1957., 5. – 18. 
*  Mazalić, Đoko, Konzervatorski zahvat na Batalovoj grobnici i njezin današnji izgled, "Naše starine" VI, Sarajevo, 1959., 239.-242.
*  Bešlagić, Šefik, Stećci, kataloško-topografski pregled, Sarajevo, 1971., 142.-143.
*  Blagojević, M., Tepčije u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji, Bosni i Hrvatskoj, Istorijski glasnik, 1–2, Beograd, 1976., 7.-47.
*  Bešlagić, Šefik, Stećci-kultura i umjetnost, Sarajevo, 1982., 49.-50,116.
*  Maslić, Fatima, Starine i muzeji Travnika, Turistički savez Travnik, Zagreb, 1990.
*  Vrana, Vladimir, Književna nastojanja u sredovječnoj Bosni, Povijest Bosne i Hercegovine, knjiga I, HKD "Napredak", Sarajevo, 1942. – 1991., 794.-822.

==See also==
*[List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina](/source/List_of_National_Monuments_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)
*[Bosnian Church](/source/Bosnian_Church)
*[Stećak](/source/Ste%C4%87ak)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://old.kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=50&lang=4&action=view&id=2531 The archaeological site of Batalo’s Tomb in Turbe near Travnik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707034518/http://old.kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=50&lang=4&action=view&id=2531 |date=2022-07-07 }} – [Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (KONS)](/source/Commission_to_preserve_national_monuments_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)

Category:National monuments and memorials
Category:National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Category:Bosnian Church
Category:Tepčija in medieval Bosnia
Category:1404 deaths
Category:Medieval Bosnian nobility
Category:Grand Knyazs of Bosnia

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Batalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.