# Baron Baltimore > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Baron_Baltimore > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Baron_Baltimore.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Baltimore > Source revision: 1332610937 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Noble rank held by the Calvert family (1625–1771)}} {{redirect|Lord Calvert|Lord Calvert whiskey|Calvert Distillery}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox nobility title | name = Barony of Baltimore | image = 180px | image_size = | alt = | caption = | creation_date = {{start date and age|1625}} | creation = | monarch = [James I](/source/James_I_of_England) | peerage = [Peerage of Ireland](/source/Peerage_of_Ireland) | baronetage = | first_holder = [Sir George Calvert](/source/George_Calvert%2C_1st_Baron_Baltimore) | last_holder = [Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore](/source/Frederick_Calvert%2C_6th_Baron_Baltimore) | present_holder = | heir_apparent = | heir_presumptive = | remainder_to = Heirs male of the body lawfully begotten | subsidiary_titles = | status = | extinction_date = 4 September 1771 | family_seat = | former_seat = | motto = | footnotes = }} [[File:Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore, by Johann Ludwig Tietz (1750).jpg|thumb|[Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore](/source/Frederick_Calvert%2C_6th_Baron_Baltimore)]] '''Baron Baltimore''', of [Baltimore, County Longford](/source/Drumlish), was a title in the [Peerage of Ireland](/source/Peerage_of_Ireland). It was created in 1625 and ended in 1771, upon the death of its sixth-generation male heir, aged 40. Holders of the title were usually known as '''Lord Baltimore'''. ==History== The title was granted in 1625 to [Sir George Calvert](/source/George_Calvert%2C_1st_Baron_Baltimore) (1580–1632), and it became extinct in 1771 on the death of [Frederick, 6th Baron Baltimore](/source/Frederick_Calvert%2C_6th_Baron_Baltimore).{{cite book | first=Charles | last=Mosley | title=Burke's Peerage and Baronetage | volume=2 vols | edition=107th | date=2003 }} The title was held by six members/generations of the Calvert family, who were Lord proprietors of the [palatinates](/source/county_palatine) [Province of Avalon](/source/Province_of_Avalon) in [Newfoundland](/source/Newfoundland_(island)) and [Maryland Palatinate](/source/Province_of_Maryland) (later the [Province of Maryland](/source/Province_of_Maryland) and subsequent [American State](/source/U.S._state) of [Maryland](/source/Maryland)).{{cite book | first=George E. | last=Cokayne | first2=Peter | last2=Vicary Gibbs | first3=Harry | last3=Doubleday | first4=Lord Howard | last4=de Walden | title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland and Ireland, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, extant, dormant, abeyant and extinct | volume=XIV vols | date=1958 }} A reference to "Lord Baltimore" is to any one of the six barons and most frequently in [U.S. history](/source/History_of_the_United_States) to [Cecil, 2nd Baron Baltimore](/source/Cecil_Calvert%2C_2nd_Baron_Baltimore) (1600–1675, ruled 1632–1675), after whom the port city of [Baltimore, Maryland](/source/Baltimore) (1729/1797) and surrounding [Baltimore County](/source/Baltimore_County) (1659) were named,{{citation|title=Baltimore City, Maryland: Historical Chronology|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/36loc/bcity/chron/html/bcitychron17.html|publisher=Maryland State Archives|date=February 29, 2016|access-date=April 11, 2016}} which took place in his lifetime due to his family's holdings. His father Sir George had supported English colonization of the [North American](/source/North_America) territories, and his younger brother, [Leonard Calvert](/source/Leonard_Calvert) (1606–1647, ruled 1634–1647), traveled across the [Atlantic Ocean](/source/Atlantic_Ocean) to become the first colonial [Governor of Maryland](/source/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Maryland). ==Barons Baltimore (1625–1771)== * [Sir George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore](/source/George_Calvert%2C_1st_Baron_Baltimore) (1579–1632) * [Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore](/source/Cecil_Calvert%2C_2nd_Baron_Baltimore) (1605–1675) * [Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore](/source/Charles_Calvert%2C_3rd_Baron_Baltimore) (1637–1715) * [Benedict Leonard Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore](/source/Benedict_Calvert%2C_4th_Baron_Baltimore) (1679–1715) * [Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore](/source/Charles_Calvert%2C_5th_Baron_Baltimore) (1699–1751) * [Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore](/source/Frederick_Calvert%2C_6th_Baron_Baltimore) (1731–1771) ==Family seats and abodes== [[File:Woodcote Park.jpg|thumb|Woodcote Park seemingly sourced by Brayley from "Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. L.P", drawn by [John Preston Neale](/source/John_Preston_Neale) in 1818. Part of a series of six volumes published from 1819 to 1823]] [[File:Lord North estate map.jpg|thumb|left|Extract from ''Gentleman's Magazine: Map of London & Environs'', 1764 showing neighbouring mansion and park of Prime Minister (1772–1780) [Lord North](/source/Frederick_North%2C_Lord_North) in Epsom, Surrey, England.]] In the [British Isles](/source/British_Isles), the family's main home was a landscaped mansion and estate ("park") in the [Home Counties](/source/Home_counties). In 1705, the 4th Baron sold to [the Crown](/source/the_Crown) a house and gardens (owned by virtue of his wife) known as Woodstock Park, which was promptly demolished and replaced by [Blenheim Palace](/source/Blenheim_Palace), a site regally granted to the victorious [Duke of Marlborough](/source/John_Churchill%2C_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough) as a gift. It swiftly became the only private mansion termed a palace in England; however, this loss was partially recouped when the 4th Baron inherited an additional manor house and farm in [Epsom](/source/Epsom), [Surrey](/source/Surrey), on the death of his distant cousin Lady Ann(s) Lewknor (née Mynne), his father having already owned, since 1692, from the death of Elizabeth Evelyn (née Mynne), a mid-17th century-built neighbouring fine house known as [Woodcote Park](/source/Woodcote_Park). Its ownership in the family passed down to the heirs of the 6th Baron.{{cite web |url=http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=davehough72&id=I45727 |title=Elizabeth Mynne |first=Dave |last=Hough |access-date=8 October 2017 |website=[RootsWeb](/source/RootsWeb) |date=14 September 2017 }}{{cite book|chapter=Parishes: Epsom |title=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3 |editor-first=H. E. |editor-last=Malden |location=London |year=1911 |pages=271–278 |publisher=Victoria County History |via=[British History Online](/source/British_History_Online) |chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol3/pp271-278 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol3 |access-date=26 September 2017 }} His latter-day home in London itself was on [Russell Square](/source/Russell_Square): {{blockquote|the handsome mansion on the south-east side of the square, at the corner of Guilford Street, was built, in 1759, for the eccentric and profligate Lord Baltimore ... it was at first called Baltimore House. Hither his lordship decoyed a young milliner, Sarah Woodcock, and was prosecuted for having caused her ruin, but acquitted. He died in 1771 at Naples, whence his remains were brought to London, and [lay in state](/source/lie_in_state), as we have mentioned, at Exeter Change ... The house was subsequently occupied by the equally eccentric [Duke of Bolton](/source/Harry_Powlett%2C_6th_Duke_of_Bolton).|E. Walford, ''Old and New London, Vol. 4'', 1878{{cite book |first=Edward |last=Walford |title=Old and New London: Volume 4 |location=London |year=1878 |pages=564–572 |chapter=Russell Square and Bedford Square |via=British History Online |chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol4/pp564-572 |access-date=8 October 2017 |publisher=Cassell, Petter & Galpin |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol4 }}}} {{clear}} ==Other notable Calverts== The Lords Baltimore had notable early siblings and descendants: * [Leonard Calvert](/source/Leonard_Calvert) (1606–1647), the first Governor of the [Province of Maryland](/source/Province_of_Maryland). He was the second/younger son of [The 1st Baron Baltimore](/source/George_Calvert%2C_1st_Baron_Baltimore){{refn|group=n|Barons, earls, viscounts and marquesses are since the Middle Ages save when being formally introduced are called "Lord...[name]"}} (1579–1632), to which the colony and province of [Maryland](/source/Maryland) were originally granted by [King Charles I](/source/Charles_I_of_England) of [England](/source/Kingdom_of_England) in 1632, and with the first Baron's eldest son and heir [Cecilius, 2nd Baron Baltimore](/source/Cecil_Calvert%2C_2nd_Baron_Baltimore) (1605–1675), to which the Maryland grant was extended, and who continued and planned to send the first group of settlers supervised by younger brother Leonard, on the ships ''[The Ark](/source/The_Ark_(ship))'' and ''[The Dove](/source/Maryland_Dove)'' across the [North Atlantic Ocean](/source/Atlantic_Ocean) in late 1633 and early 1634. * [Phillip Calvert](/source/Phillip_Calvert_(governor)) (1626–1682), proprietary/colonial fifth [Governor of Maryland](/source/Governor_of_Maryland) from 1660 to 1682. He was appointed by the royally chartered proprietor of the [Province of Maryland](/source/Province_of_Maryland), [The 3rd Baron Baltimore](/source/Charles_Calvert%2C_3rd_Baron_Baltimore), as a caretaker to replace insurgent leader [Josias Fendall](/source/Josias_Fendall) (1628–1687), who had assumed the governorship. * {{Abbreviation|Cpt.|Captain}} [Charles Calvert](/source/Charles_Calvert_(governor)) (1680–1734), provincial/colonial fourteenth (14th) [Governor of Maryland](/source/Governor_of_Maryland) in 1720, at a time when the Calvert family had recently regained control of their proprietary colony. He was appointed Governor by his cousin, [The 5th Baron Baltimore](/source/Charles_Calvert%2C_5th_Baron_Baltimore). * [Benedict Leonard Calvert](/source/Benedict_Leonard_Calvert) (1700–1732), the proprietary/colonial fifteenth (15th) Governor of Maryland from 1727 through 1731, appointed by his brother, [The 5th Baron Baltimore](/source/Charles_Calvert%2C_5th_Baron_Baltimore). * [Benedict Swingate Calvert](/source/Benedict_Swingate_Calvert) (c. 1730–1788), the illegitimate son of [The 5th Baron Baltimore](/source/Charles_Calvert%2C_5th_Baron_Baltimore), (the third Proprietor/Colonial Governor of Maryland). He was a [Loyalist](/source/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)) and Judge of the Land Office prior to the [American Revolution](/source/American_Revolution) (1775–1783). * [Eleanor Calvert](/source/Eleanor_Calvert) (1758–1811), daughter-in-law of [Martha Dandridge Washington](/source/Martha_Washington) and the stepdaughter-in-law of the General of the [Continental Army](/source/Continental_Army) and first [President of the United States](/source/President_of_the_United_States), [George Washington](/source/George_Washington) (1732–1799). * [Henry Harford](/source/Henry_Harford) (1758–1834), 5th and last Proprietor of Maryland (1771–1776). He was the illegitimate son of [The 6th Baron Baltimore](/source/Frederick_Calvert%2C_6th_Baron_Baltimore), the last holder of the family [peerage](/source/Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom). [Harford County, Maryland](/source/Harford_County%2C_Maryland), split off and formed to the northeast from part of [Baltimore County](/source/Baltimore_County%2C_Maryland) in 1774, is named for him. * [Rosalie Stier Calvert](/source/Rosalie_Stier_Calvert) (1778–1821), Riversdale plantation owner with her husband [George](/source/George_Calvert_(planter)). * [George Henry Calvert](/source/George_Henry_Calvert) (1803–1889), essayist, dramatist, poet, and biographer. * [Charles Benedict Calvert](/source/Charles_Benedict_Calvert) (1808–1864), [U.S. Representative](/source/United_States_House_of_Representatives) from [Maryland's 6th congressional district](/source/Maryland's_6th_congressional_district), serving one term from 1861 to 1863, and the founder of the [Maryland Agricultural College](/source/University_of_Maryland%2C_College_Park) in 1856 (now the [University of Maryland at College Park](/source/University_of_Maryland%2C_College_Park)). ==Legacy== [[File:Flag of Maryland.svg|thumb|150px|right|[Flag of the State of Maryland](/source/Flag_of_Maryland)]] There are many locations in [Maryland](/source/Maryland) named after the Barons Baltimore ("Lords Baltimore"), including [Baltimore County](/source/Baltimore_County%2C_Maryland), [Baltimore City](/source/Baltimore), [Calvert County](/source/Calvert_County%2C_Maryland), [Cecil County](/source/Cecil_County%2C_Maryland), [Charles County](/source/Charles_County%2C_Maryland), [Frederick County](/source/Frederick_County%2C_Maryland), [Leonardtown](/source/Leonardtown%2C_Maryland), [St. Leonard](/source/St._Leonard%2C_Maryland), and [Calvert Cliffs](/source/Calvert_Cliffs_State_Park). There are also [Charles Street](/source/Charles_Street_(Baltimore)) and Calvert Street in [Baltimore](/source/Baltimore). [Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore](/source/Cecil_Calvert%2C_2nd_Baron_Baltimore) is the namesake of [Cecil County, Maryland](/source/Cecil_County%2C_Maryland), Cecil Avenue, Cecil Elementary School and [Calvert Street in Baltimore](/source/St._Paul_and_Calvert_streets), along with another Calvert Street (alley) in [Brooklyn](/source/Brooklyn%2C_Baltimore) (a South Baltimore city neighbourhood bordering suburban [Anne Arundel County](/source/Anne_Arundel_County%2C_Maryland)) and [Calvert Street in Washington, D.C.](/source/Streets_and_highways_of_Washington%2C_D.C.) His wife, Anne Arundell, is the namesake of [Anne Arundel County](/source/Anne_Arundel_County%2C_Maryland), Maryland. [Harford County](/source/Harford_County%2C_Maryland) is named for [Henry Harford](/source/Henry_Harford) (1758/1760–1835), the illegitimate son of [Frederick, 6th and last Baron Baltimore](/source/Frederick_Calvert%2C_6th_Baron_Baltimore) (1731–1771). [Leonardtown, Maryland](/source/Leonardtown%2C_Maryland), now [county seat](/source/county_seat) of [St. Mary's](/source/St._Mary's_County%2C_Maryland), is named for the younger brother of the Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore, the 28-year-old [Leonard Calvert](/source/Leonard_Calvert) (1606–1647), who arrived in the Colonial settling expedition of 1634 and set up the provincial government in the new capital of [St. Mary's City](/source/St._Mary's_City%2C_Maryland). The main downtown street in [Cumberland, Maryland](/source/Cumberland%2C_Maryland), is named Baltimore Street, along with Baltimore Avenue, the main north–south highway of commercial business along the Atlantic coast to the resort town of [Ocean City](/source/Ocean_City%2C_Maryland). The Baltimore Road, which runs through the town of [Bladensburg](/source/Bladensburg%2C_Maryland) was made famous due to its role in the [Battle of Bladensburg](/source/Battle_of_Bladensburg) and the subsequent "[Burning of Washington](/source/Burning_of_Washington)" during the [War of 1812](/source/War_of_1812). On the [Avalon Peninsula](/source/Avalon_Peninsula) in the [Province of Newfoundland and Labrador](/source/Newfoundland_and_Labrador) of the northeastern [Dominion of Canada](/source/Canada), there is a settlement named [Calvert](/source/Calvert%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador), and in nearby [Ferryland](/source/Ferryland) there is a "Baltimore School". There are also several other towns and villages across [North America](/source/North_America) in the several states with the name of "Baltimore", "New Baltimore" or "Old Baltimore". A life-sized bronze statue on a granite pedestal of Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore (1605–1675), is located on the steps of the western end at the [St. Paul Street](/source/St._Paul_and_Calvert_streets) entrance of the [Baltimore City Circuit Court House](/source/Baltimore_City_Circuit_Courthouses), the third courts structure on the nearby colonial-era Courthouse Square site (located to the east along [North Calvert Street](/source/St._Paul_and_Calvert_streets)), constructed 1896–1900 (now renamed the [Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. Courthouse](/source/Baltimore_City_Circuit_Courthouses) since 1985 for a noted local and [Civil Rights Movement](/source/Civil_rights_movement) leader, [Clarence M. Mitchell Jr.](/source/Clarence_Mitchell_Jr.) [1911–1984], known as "The 101st Senator") in [Baltimore, Maryland](/source/Baltimore). The statue of Cecil, Lord Baltimore, sponsored by the [Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Maryland](/source/General_Society_of_Colonial_Wars), was dedicated November 21, 1908, and now faces a fountain and tree-shaded small plaza/park across the street, developed/laid out in 1964, between East Fayette and East Lexington Streets. Before the [American Revolution](/source/American_Revolution), a common flag used by military units of the colonial militia of the [Province of Maryland](/source/Province_of_Maryland) was known as the [Calvert Arms Flag](/source/Calvert_Arms_Flag). This flag had the original [Union Jack](/source/Union_Jack) from the [Acts of Union 1707](/source/Acts_of_Union_1707) as a [canton](/source/canton_(flag)) in the upper corner, with a [St. George's Cross](/source/Saint_George's_Cross) and a [St. Andrew's Cross](/source/Saltire) to represent the patron saint of [England](/source/England) and [Scotland](/source/Kingdom_of_Scotland), respectively. This Union Jack canton is in the upper corner of the banner over the black and gold (yellow) chevrons depicted on the Calvert family's [shield](/source/shield) and [coats-of-arms](/source/Coat_of_arms). Today, this historical colonial/provincial flag is often displayed throughout the state, especially at historical, heritage and festival events such as for the [French and Indian War](/source/French_and_Indian_War) era, (1754–1763) at colonial [Fort Frederick](/source/Fort_Frederick_State_Park) in [Washington County](/source/Washington_County%2C_Maryland) in the mountainous western panhandle of the state. The modern [flag of the State of Maryland](/source/Flag_of_Maryland) still bears the Calvert-Crossland family / Lord Baltimore coats-of-arms and shield, and has been used since the 1880s with the four quarters reunited after the tragic splits in the [border state](/source/Border_states_(American_Civil_War))s of the [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War), with the Northern [Union Army](/source/Union_Army) regiments using the black and gold chevrons and the Southern [Confederate States Army](/source/Confederate_States_Army) units using the red/white trefoil cross botonee. ==See also== *[Colonial families of Maryland](/source/Colonial_families_of_Maryland) *[Province of Maryland](/source/Province_of_Maryland) *[Henry Harford](/source/Henry_Harford) ==Notes and citations== ;Citations {{reflist}} ;Notes {{reflist|group=n}} ==Other references== *{{cite book | first=Charles | last=Mosley | title=Burke's Peerage and Baronetage | volume=2 vols | edition=106th | date=1999 }} ==External links== {{NIE Poster|Baltimore, Barons of|Baron Baltimore}} * [http://www.lib.umd.edu/binaries/content/assets/public/special/projects/riversdale/calvertfamilytree.pdf Calvert Family Tree]. Retrieved July 10, 2013. {{DEFAULTSORT:Baltimore}} Category:Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Ireland Category:History of Catholicism in the United States Category:History of Baltimore * Category:1625 establishments in Ireland Category:1771 disestablishments in Ireland Category:Noble titles created in 1625 --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Baron Baltimore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Baltimore) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Baltimore?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.