# Baridinae > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Baridinae > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Baridinae.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baridinae > Source revision: 1300505702 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) **Baridinae** is a [subfamily](/source/Subfamily) of true weevils (Curculionidae). It was established by Carl Johan Schönherr in 1836. Some 4,300 [species](/source/Species) in 550 genera are placed here, most of which occur in the [New World](/source/New_World).[1] A few are economically significant [pests](/source/Pest_(organism)), while others are in turn used for [biocontrol](/source/Biocontrol) of [invasive plant](/source/Invasive_plant) pests. This subfamily also contains a few [endangered species](/source/Endangered_species). ## Description and ecology Baridinae are typically small to mid-sized short-legged [weevils](/source/Weevil), with a characteristic round or ball-like shape.[2] Usually colored black all over at least on the upperside, they are neither highly glossy or metallic, nor dull, but moderately shiny, like [polished leather](/source/Shoe_polish). Some have small dots or bands of lighter scales that can be rubbed off, in particular on the [elytrae](/source/Elytra); yet again others are dusted with an irregular sprinkling of such scales. The elytrae are often decorated with neat lengthwise rows of small pits. The [pronotum](/source/Pronotum) is not highly arched and may be outright flattened; it has rounded corners and it is about as wide as the elytrae. The [rostrum](/source/Rostrum_(anatomy)) ("snout") is long, markedly curved, and directed more or less straight downwards. The [antenna](/source/Antenna_(biology)) attach near the tip of the rostrum; they are bent in the center and have a knop at the tip, as in other [true weevils](/source/True_weevil). The [proximal](/source/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal) antenna segment is stick-shaped. There are 12 antennal segments. These weevils feed on [plants](/source/Plant) as [larvae](/source/Larva) and [imagines](/source/Imago), mainly on the green parts. The larvae are often [stem](/source/Plant_stem) borers. Their foodplants can be found almost all over the [Mesangiospermae](/source/Mesangiospermae); they are often of the [cabbage family](/source/Cabbage_family) (Brassicaceae), e.g. [cabbages](/source/Cabbage) (*[Brassica napus](/source/Brassica_napus)* [cultivars](/source/Cultivar)) and [Rapeseed](/source/Rapeseed) (*B. oleracea*). Another type of foodplant are [mignonettes](/source/Reseda_(plant)) (*Reseda*), [Resedaceae](/source/Resedaceae) and thus close relatives of the Brassicaceae. *Acuthopeus cocciniae* is used for biocontrol of [Ivory Gourd](/source/Ivory_Gourd) (*Coccinia grandis*), a [Cucurbitaceae](/source/Cucurbitaceae) which belongs to a lineage of [rosids](/source/Rosid) well distant from the Brassicaceae. Some Baridinae are found on *[Helianthus](/source/Helianthus)* (typical sunflowers) of the [Asteraceae](/source/Asteraceae), which are [asterid](/source/Asterid) [eudicots](/source/Eudicot) quite unrelated to the cabbage family. And *Orchidophilus* is particular to [Epidendroideae](/source/Epidendroideae) [orchids](/source/Orchids) – especially *[Dendrobium](/source/Dendrobium)* and *[Phalaenopsis](/source/Phalaenopsis)* – which are [monocots](/source/Monocot) and thus even more distant relatives of the usual Baridinae foodplants. ## Systematics This subfamily includes the following tribes (some notable genera are also listed):[3] - [Ambatini](/source/Ambatini) - [Anopsilini](/source/Anopsilini) - [Apostasimerini](/source/Apostasimerini) (includes former Madopterini) - [Baridini](/source/Baridini) Schönherr, 1839 - *[Baris](/source/Baris_(genus))* Germar, 1817 - [Madarini](/source/Madarini) - *[Acythopeus](/source/Acythopeus)* - *[Eumycterus](/source/Eumycterus)* Schönherr, 1838 - *[Orchidophilus](/source/Orchidophilus)* Buchanan, 1935 - [Neosharpiini](/source/Neosharpiini) - [Nertinini](/source/Nertinini) - [Optatini](/source/Optatini) - [Pantotelini](/source/Pantotelini) - [Peridinetini](/source/Peridinetini) Similar to the [Molytinae](/source/Molytinae), the Baridinae are sometimes circumscribed in a narrow sense like here, and sometimes more widely, with several otherwise independent weevil subfamilies being included as "tribus groups" in the Baridinae. These [taxa](/source/Taxa) included in the Baridinae *[sensu lato](/source/Sensu_lato)* are the [Ceutorhynchinae](/source/Ceutorhynchinae), [Conoderinae](/source/Conoderinae), [Orobitidinae](/source/Orobitidinae) and [Xiphaspidinae](/source/Xiphaspidinae). ## References 1. Morimoto, Katsura & Yoshihara, Kazumi. ["On the Genera of the Oriental Baridinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172713/https://qir.kyushu-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2324/2594/1/1.pdf). Esakia, (36): l-59. January 31, 1996. Archived from [the original](https://qir.kyushu-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2324/2594/1/1.pdf) on 2011-07-18. 1. Davis, Steven R. ["Curculionidae)"](http://gradworks.umi.com/14/54/1454575.html). University of Kansas, 2008. 464 pages. 1. Bouchard, P.; Bousquet, Y.; Davies, A.; Alonso-Zarazaga, M.; Lawrence, J.; Lyal, C.; Newton, A.; Reid, C.; Schmitt, M.; Ślipiński, A.; Smith, A. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". *ZooKeys*. '***(88): 1–972. [Bibcode:2011ZooK...88....1B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ZooK...88....1B). [doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807](https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807). [PMC 3088472](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088472). [PMID 21594053](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21594053)*** --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Baridinae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baridinae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baridinae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.