# Barcheek trevally

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Species of fish

"Craterognathus" redirects here; not to be confused with [Cratognathus](/source/Cratognathus).

Barcheek trevally Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Carangiformes Suborder: Carangoidei Family: Carangidae Genus: Craterognathus Kimura, Takeuchi & Yadome, 2022 Species: C. plagiotaenia Binomial name Craterognathus plagiotaenia (Bleeker, 1857) Approximate range of the barcheek trevally Synonyms[2] Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker, 1857 Caranx plagiotaenia (Bleeker, 1857) Caranx vomerinus Playfair, 1867 Caranx brevicarinatus Klunzinger, 1871 Caranx compressus Day, 1871

The **barcheek trevally** (***Craterognathus plagiotaenia***), also known as the **barcheek kingfish**, **shortridge trevally** or **oblique-banded trevally**, is a [species](/source/Species) of moderately large [marine](/source/Marine_(ocean)) [fish](/source/Fish) of the jack [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Carangidae](/source/Carangidae). The barcheek trevally is distributed throughout the tropical waters of the [Indo-west Pacific](/source/Indo-pacific) region, ranging from [South Africa](/source/South_Africa) in the west to [Japan](/source/Japan), [Australia](/source/Australia) and a number of small central Pacific islands in the east. The species inhabits inshore and offshore waters, found along the slopes of [lagoons](/source/Lagoon) and out to deeper [reefs](/source/Reef) on the [continental shelf](/source/Continental_shelf), where it preys on small fish and benthic [crustaceans](/source/Crustacean). It is a moderately large fish, growing to a maximum recorded length of 50 cm (20 in), and can be distinguished from similar species by its somewhat protruding lower jaw and the dark banding on its [operculum](/source/Operculum_(fish)). It is of minor importance to [fisheries](/source/Fisheries) throughout its range, taken by [trawling](/source/Trawling), hook and line methods and various inshore fish netting methods.

## Taxonomy and naming

The barcheek trevally is the only species in *Craterognathus*, which falls into the jack and horse mackerel family [Carangidae](/source/Carangidae), the Carangidae are part of the [order](/source/Order_(biology)) [Carangiformes](/source/Carangiformes).[3]

The species was first [scientifically described](/source/Species_description) by the Dutch [ichthyologist](/source/Ichthyologist) [Pieter Bleeker](/source/Pieter_Bleeker) in 1857 based on a specimen taken from [Ambon Island](/source/Ambon_Island) in [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia), which was designated to be the [holotype](/source/Holotype).[4] Bleeker named this new species *Carangoides plagiotaenia*, placing the species in what is considered to be a [wastebasket taxon](/source/Wastebasket_taxon), while later revisions transferred it to the genus *[Caranx](/source/Caranx)* which was later considered to be an invalid move. Finally, it was allocated to a [monospecific genus](/source/Monospecific_genus) in 2002.[5] The species was redescribed three times after its initial naming, with all these subsequent names considered to be invalid [junior synonyms](/source/Junior_synonym) under [ICZN](/source/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature) nomenclature rules. The specific epithet *plagiotaenia* means 'oblique band' in [Greek](/source/Greek_language),[4] and this reflects in one of the species [common names](/source/Common_name), which is also applied to the [coachwhip trevally](/source/Coachwhip_trevally). The names 'barcheek trevally' and 'shortridge trevally' refer to distinctive aspects of the species appearance.[2]

## Description

The narrow black bar on the operculum is characteristic of the species

The barcheek trevally is a moderately large fish, growing to a maximum recorded length of 50 cm (20 in). It is easily recognized due to its slightly protruding lower jaw and 'barred cheek' colouration. Its general shape is similar to most other species, having a compressed [oblong](/source/Rectangle) body, with the [dorsal](/source/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Dorsal_and_ventral) and [ventral](/source/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Dorsal_and_ventral) profiles equally [convex](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/convex), although in large specimens, the dorsal profile of the head is nearly straight.[6] The [dorsal fin](/source/Dorsal_fin) is in two parts, the first with 8 [spines](/source/Fish_anatomy#Spines_and_rays) and the second with 1 spine and 22 to 24 [soft rays](/source/Fish_anatomy#Spines_and_rays), with the lobe of this second fin shorter than the head length. The [anal fin](/source/Anal_fin) has 2 anteriorly detached spines followed by 1 spine and 18 to 20 soft rays.[7] The [lateral line](/source/Lateral_line) has a low anterior arch, with this curved section being longer than the posterior straight section. The straight section contains 20 to 26 [scales](/source/Scale_(zoology)) followed by 11 to 18 small [scutes](/source/Scute). The breast is completely scaled.[8] The lower [jaw](/source/Jaw) is enlarged and slightly protrudes beyond the upper jaw, with both jaws having bands of small teeth present. There are 27 to 40 [gill rakers](/source/Gill_raker) in total and 24 [vertebrae](/source/Vertebrae).[6]

The barcheek trevally is a silvery colour, being more grey above and becoming paler below, with 6 or 7 dusky [oblique](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oblique) bands occasionally present above the midline.[9] The species common name is due to a black margin on the preopercle, giving a 'barred cheek' appearance, with no dusky spot further back on the [operculum](/source/Operculum_(fish)). Large adults are also known to occasionally have small yellow spots scattered on their sides. The caudal, second dorsal and anal fins are dusky to dark, with the leading edge of the [pelvic fins](/source/Pelvic_fin) and distal margin of the anal fin white. The [pectoral fins](/source/Pectoral_fin) are pale.[9]

## Distribution and habitat

The barcheek trevally is occasionally taken by anglers

The barcheek trevally is distributed throughout the [tropical](/source/Tropical) and subtropical waters of the [Indian](/source/Indian_Ocean) and west [Pacific Oceans](/source/Pacific_Ocean).[6] It ranges from [South Africa](/source/South_Africa) north to the [Red Sea](/source/Red_Sea), but is absent from the [Persian Gulf](/source/Persian_Gulf), extending east to [India](/source/India) and [South East Asia](/source/South_East_Asia). Its range extends south to [Cape York](/source/Cape_York_Peninsula) in [Queensland](/source/Queensland), Australia, and extends into the Pacific Ocean as far as the [Marshall Islands](/source/Marshall_Islands), [Fiji](/source/Fiji) and [Samoa](/source/Samoa). The northernmost capture of the barcheek trevally was reported off southern [Japan](/source/Japan).[2]

The barcheek trevally appears to be largely confined to [lagoon](/source/Lagoon) and outer [reef](/source/Reef) environments, often found in the shallow water adjacent to deep drop-offs in these settings.[6] It also inhabits deeper offshore [coral](/source/Coral) and rocky reef environments.[9]

## Biology and fishery

The barcheek trevally travels either singularly or in small [shoals](/source/Shoal), and is a fast swimming [predator](/source/Predator), taking small fish and benthic [crustaceans](/source/Crustaceans) as a main source of prey.[2] Nothing is known of its [reproduction](/source/Reproduction) or growth patterns.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

The barcheek trevally is of very little importance to [fisheries](/source/Fisheries) throughout its range, occasionally taken as bycatch in other fisheries or taken in small artisanal catches.[6] It is caught on hook and line gear as well as [trawls](/source/Trawl) and various inshore fish traps. It is occasionally caught by [recreational fishermen](/source/Angling) while bottom fishing on reefs.[6]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-iucn_1-0)** Smith-Vaniz, W.F. & Williams, I. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. ["*Carangoides plagiotaenia*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/20429950/115376175). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T20429950A115376175. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T20429950A65927791.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T20429950A65927791.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-fishbase_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-fishbase_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-fishbase_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-fishbase_2-3) [Froese, Rainer](/source/Rainer_Froese); [Pauly, Daniel](/source/Daniel_Pauly) (eds.). ["*Carangoides plagiotaenia*"](https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Carangoides&speciesname=plagiotaenia). *[FishBase](/source/FishBase)*. August 2019 version.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Nelson5_3-0)** Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). [*Fishes of the World*](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=E-MLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1) (5th ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 380–387. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/9781119174844](https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781119174844). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-118-34233-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-34233-6).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Zoocat_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Zoocat_4-1) Hoese, D.F.; Bray, D.J.; Paxton, J.R.; Allen, G.R. (2007). *Fishes*. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35.2. Sydney: CSIRO. p. 1150. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-643-09334-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-643-09334-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Kimura, S.; Takeuchi, S.; Yadome, T. (2022). "Generic revision of the species formerly belonging to the genus *Carangoides* and its related genera (Carangiformes: Carangidae)". *Ichthyological Research*. **69** (4): 433–487. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s10228-021-00850-1](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10228-021-00850-1).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FAO_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FAO_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FAO_6-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FAO_6-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FAO_6-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FAO_6-5) Carpenter, Kent E.; Volker H. Niem, eds. (2001). [*FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae)*](ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/y4160e/y4160e00.pdf) (PDF). Rome: FAO. p. 2684. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [92-5-104587-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-5-104587-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Burhanuddin, Andi Iqba; A. Muh. Hijaz Jalil (2007). ["Carangoid Fishes (Carangidae) of the Tomini Bay, Gorontalo"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110724002824/http://www.pascaunhas.net/jurnal_pdf/sc_7_1/2-CARANGOID%20%20tomini%20_iqbal_.pdf) (PDF). *Jurnal Sains & Teknologi*. **7** (1): 13–22. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1411-4674](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1411-4674). Archived from [the original](http://www.pascaunhas.net/jurnal_pdf/sc_7_1/2-CARANGOID%20%20tomini%20_iqbal_.pdf) (PDF) on 2011-07-24.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Barrier_8-0)** Randall, John Ernest; Roger C. Steene; Gerald R. Allen (1997). *Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea*. University of Hawaii Press. p. 161. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8248-1895-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-1895-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Gunn_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Gunn_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Gunn_9-2) Gunn, John S. (1990). ["A revision of selected genera of the family Carangidae (Pisces) from Australian waters"](https://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/17723/92.pdf) (PDF). *Records of the Australian Museum Supplement*. **12**: 1–78. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3853/j.0812-7387.12.1990.92](https://doi.org/10.3853%2Fj.0812-7387.12.1990.92).

## External links

- [Australian Museum Online fact sheet](https://web.archive.org/web/20080907021348/http://www.amonline.net.au//fishes/fishfacts/fish/cplagiot.htm)

- Photos of [Barcheek trevally](https://sealifecollection.org/taxon/218399) in the Sealife Collection

- [Fish portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fish)
- [marine biology portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Marine_biology)
- [marine life portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Marine_life)

Taxon identifiers Carangoides plagiotaenia Wikidata: Q1992800 Wikispecies: Carangoides plagiotaenia ADW: Carangoides_plagiotaenia AFD: Carangoides_plagiotaenia BOLD: 68591 CoL: R2JS FishBase: 1910 GBIF: 5210536 iNaturalist: 132401 IRMNG: 10148375 ITIS: 641948 IUCN: 20429950 NCBI: 456961 Observation.org: 790866 OBIS: 218399 Open Tree of Life: 3638748 Plazi: 02B162E9-2D25-ECF0-F02F-5F790ABFAFD1 TaiCOL: t0050133 WoRMS: 218399 ZooBank: 57D0E7C6-3476-41CF-A93D-1CE73F54863B

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Barcheek trevally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcheek_trevally) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcheek_trevally?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.