# Bang Rak district

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"Bang Rak" redirects here. For the riverfront neighbourhood within the district, see [Bang Rak Subdistrict](/source/Bang_Rak_Subdistrict). For other uses, see [Bang Rak (disambiguation)](/source/Bang_Rak_(disambiguation)).

District in Bangkok, Thailand

Bang Rak บางรัก District (khet) Skyline of Bang Rak, from across the Chao Phraya River Location in Bangkok Coordinates (district office): 13°43′50″N 100°31′25″E / 13.73056°N 100.52361°E / 13.73056; 100.52361 Country Thailand Province Bangkok Established 1908 Seat Si Phraya Khwaeng 5 Area • Total 5.54 km2 (2.14 sq mi) Population (2019)[1] • Total 48,227 • Density 8,710/km2 (22,500/sq mi) Postal code 10500 Geocode 1004 Website www.bangkok.go.th/bangrak

**Bang Rak** ([Thai](/source/Thai_language): บางรัก, pronounced [\[bāːŋ rák\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai)) is one of the [fifty districts](/source/Districts_of_Bangkok) (*khet*) of [Bangkok](/source/Bangkok), [Thailand](/source/Thailand). It lies on the eastern bank of the [Chao Phraya River](/source/Chao_Phraya_River), beyond [Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem](/source/Khlong_Phadung_Krung_Kasem), which marked the old city boundary. Originating from riverside settlements dating from before the city's foundation, Bang Rak grew inland as new roads and canals were constructed through the area during the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth, attracting communities of expatriates and developing into a major commercial district.

Bangkok's rapid economic growth in the late twentieth century saw the areas along [Si Lom](/source/Si_Lom_Road) and [Sathon](/source/Sathon_Road) roads transformed into one of the city's main business districts, teeming with skyscrapers. The district, officially recognised at least since 1908, covers an area of 5.54 square kilometres (2.14 sq mi), and has a registered population of 48,227 (as of 2019).

## History

Up until the mid-nineteenth century, water formed the primary mode of transport in the lower Chao Phraya plains, and most people lived along the banks of rivers and canals. Settlements had formed along the [Chao Phraya River](/source/Chao_Phraya_River) since the [Ayutthaya Kingdom](/source/Ayutthaya_Kingdom) (14th century – 1767), and some Buddhist temples in and around Bang Rak date to the period. [Bangkok became the capital city](/source/History_of_Bangkok) with the foundation of the [Thonburi Kingdom](/source/Thonburi_Kingdom) in 1767, and was re-established as the [Rattanakosin Kingdom](/source/Rattanakosin_Kingdom) in 1782; riverside areas beyond the fortified city of [Rattanakosin Island](/source/Rattanakosin_Island) developed into fringe neighbourhoods settled by various ethnic communities. Downstream of the city and just beyond the [Chinatown](/source/Chinatown%2C_Bangkok) area, the waterfront stretch that is now [Bang Rak Subdistrict](/source/Bang_Rak_Subdistrict) was home to Thais, Chinese, Vietnamese, Malays, Lao, [Tavoyans](/source/Tavoy), and [descendants of Portuguese](/source/Portuguese_diaspora_in_Thailand), among others. A Catholic church (now in the adjacent [Talat Noi](/source/Talat_Noi) neighbourhood), [dedicated to the Lady of the Rosary](/source/Holy_Rosary_Church%2C_Bangkok), was established by the Portuguese community in 1787. French priests then moved into the area for missionary work, followed by Protestants, mostly from the United States.

As international trade increased in the nineteenth century, the neighbourhood developed into one of many port areas along the river.[2]

### Urban development

By the time of King [Mongkut](/source/Mongkut)'s reign (Rama IV, 1851–1868), the city had outgrown its [original defensive walls](/source/Bangkok_city_walls), and the King ordered the digging of [Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem](/source/Khlong_Phadung_Krung_Kasem) to serve as a new outer moat surrounding the city proper. The canal separated Bang Rak, on the far side from the city, from the Chinatown area, and as the country began modernizing and opened to the West under Mongkut's reign, European visitors began establishing themselves here. The [Bowring Treaty](/source/Bowring_Treaty) was signed with the British in 1855, liberalizing trade and granting diplomatic concessions, and other Western countries followed suit. Consulates, trading companies and expatriate communities were established in the waterfront area, which became the city's European quarter.[3]

European governments set up diplomatic missions in Bang Rak. Among them was the [British Legation](/source/British_Legation%2C_Bangkok), pictured c. 1908.

The Westerners also indirectly set off the city's transformation. They petitioned Mongkut to build roads for their use, first to the [Phra Khanong area](/source/Phra_Khanong_area) (to where they planned to relocate but later abandoned the idea), then to serve the waterfront community in Bang Rak. The King obliged, and had Thanon Trong (also known as Hua Lamphong Road and later to become [Rama IV Road](/source/Rama_IV_Road)) constructed in 1857 and [Charoen Krung Road](/source/Charoen_Krung_Road) in 1862. [Si Lom Road](/source/Si_Lom_Road) soon followed, linking the two. The introduction of land-based transport transformed the city, and Charoen Krung became its main thoroughfare, bringing commerce and spurring development.[3][4]

In the 1890s and 1900s, during the reign of King [Chulalongkorn](/source/Chulalongkorn) (Rama V, 1868–1910), enterprising businessmen engaged in land development by buying up land and building roads through the area. The resulting [Sathon](/source/Sathon_Road), [Surawong](/source/Surawong_Road), and [Si Phraya](/source/Si_Phraya_Road) roads ran roughly parallel to Si Lom, and, together with a few connecting roads between them, have since formed the district's main road network.[5]

The development attracted businesses, which established numerous shops along the roads, as well as newly wealthy residents, who made their homes in villas. Emerging ethnic communities were formed by migrants arriving from Western colonies, who found advantage in the treaties' extraterritorial provisions. Among them were Javanese Muslims, and Hindus, Muslims, and Jains from India, who established places of worship in their neighbourhoods, joining the Christian churches as the missionaries continued to expand their work through the founding of schools and hospitals.[5][6][7] The roads were soon augmented by rail transport, as the [Paknam Railway](/source/Paknam_Railway) (the country's first line) opened along Thanon Trong in 1893, and [electrified trams began running](/source/Trams_in_Bangkok) on Charoen Krung Road the following year. Another tram line, along Si Lom Road, opened in 1925.[8]

### Post-war development

The Trocadero Hotel (centre-left) and [Harry A. Badman & Co.](/source/Harry_A._Badman_%26_Co.) (right) were among many businesses occupying premises on [Surawong Road](/source/Surawong_Road) in 1929.

Bang Rak District gradually proceeded to fill up with development, and in the post-World War II period, increasing numbers of foreign businesses moved from the waterfront area into newer premises, especially along Si Lom Road. In 1963, the trams were discontinued, and the canal that ran alongside Si Lom road was filled in for its expansion, further incentivizing its development as a business street.[5] (Many of the roads had originally been built with canals running alongside, using the excavated earth. The Paknam Railway was also discontinued, in 1960.) The [Dusit Thani Hotel](/source/Dusit_Thani_Hotel), the city's first high-rise building, opened in 1970, initiating a wave of high-rise construction along Si Lom and Sathon as the economy boomed through the early 1990s.[9] While the [1997 financial crisis](/source/1997_financial_crisis) put an end to the boom, the economy eventually recovered.

The earliest government proclamation naming Bang Rak as a district dates to 1908, and it was re-established with boundaries near its present form in 1915.[10][11] Its status, along with Bangkok's other districts', was later changed from *amphoe* to *khet* in 1972. The district is named Bang Rak after the original waterfront settlement. While *bang* is a common place name prefix for villages situated on a rivers, the origins of the second word are unclear. Early documents variably spelled the name as บางรัก or บางรักษ์; the first (and current) spelling fits with the theory that it derived from that of the *rak* (*[Gluta usitata](/source/Gluta_usitata)*) tree, a large trunk of which had been found in the area, while the second favours the idea that the name came from the word *rak* (รักษ์ 'heal'), after hospitals operated by the area's missionaries. Today, as *rak* is also a homonym alternatively meaning "love", the name makes the district office a popular place for marriage registrations, especially on Valentine's Day.[12]

## Geography and administration

Bang Rak District occupies 5.536 square kilometres (2.137 sq mi) in Bangkok's Phra Nakhon side, on the east bank of the Chao Phraya River. It is bordered by [Pathum Wan district](/source/Pathum_Wan_district) to the northeast across Rama IV Road, [Sathon](/source/Sathon_district) to the southeast across [Khlong Sathon](/source/Khlong_Sathon) (in the middle of Sathon Road), [Khlong San](/source/Khlong_San_district) to the west on the other side of the Chao Phraya, and [Samphanthawong](/source/Samphanthawong_district) to the northwest, across Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem.[13]

District map

The district's main thoroughfares, in addition to Rama IV and Sathon roads, which serve as its borders, are Charoen Krung Road, which runs roughly alongside the river, and (from north to south) Si Phraya, Surawong and Si Lom roads, which run in a southwest–northeast direction, roughly parallel to Sathon, linking Rama IV and Charoen Krung. They divide the district into five subdistricts (*khwaeng*). Bang Rak Subdistrict is on the riverside west of Charoen Krung. East of it, from north to south, are [Maha Phruettharam](/source/Maha_Phruettharam_Subdistrict), Si Phraya, Suriyawong, and Si Lom. Together, they have a registered population of 48,227 as of 2019.[1][*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items)*]

Subdistricts (khwaeng) of Bang Rak District Name Area (km2) Geocode Population (2019) 1 Maha Phruettharam มหาพฤฒาราม 0.889 100401 10,980 2 Si Lom สีลม 2.074 100402 18,713 3 Suriyawong สุริยวงศ์ 0.820 100403 5,075 4 Bang Rak บางรัก 0.689 100404 2,760 5 Si Phraya สี่พระยา 1.064 100405 10,699

Several streets run between the parallel roads, forming links between them. The only one to cross all of them is Maha Nakhon–Maha Set–Mahesak–Surasak, each section of which is known by a different name as it runs from Rama IV at Maha Nakhon Intersection to meet Sathon Road at Sathon–Surasak Intersection, with the elevated [Si Rat Expressway](/source/Si_Rat_Expressway) running nearby. Others include Sap and Naret roads between Si Phraya and Surawong, Decho Road between Surawong and Si Lom, and Sala Daeng, Convent, Pan and Pramuan roads between Si Lom and Sathon. These are relatively small streets, except [Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Road](/source/Naradhiwas_Rajanagarindra_Road), which runs alongside [Khlong Chong Nonsi](/source/Khlong_Chong_Nonsi) from Surawong through Sathon, continuing southeastward towards [Rama III Road](/source/Rama_III_Road) in [Yan Nawa district](/source/Yan_Nawa_district). On the other side of Bang Rak, Maha Phruettharam Road runs alongside Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem, also linking between Rama IV (at Hua Lamphong Intersection) and Charoen Krung (at [Phitthayasathian Bridge](/source/Phitthayasathian_Bridge)).

### Neighbourhoods

[Patpong](/source/Patpong) is well known as a red-light district catering to foreigners.

Bang Rak District contains some highly developed areas. Commercial development is most concentrated around Si Lom and Sathon roads, while the areas towards Maha Phruettharam are quieter and mostly residential. Development also fronts Rama IV Road, especially around the neighbourhoods surrounding its intersections: [Saphan Lueang](/source/Saphan_Lueang) (where it is met by [Banthat Thong Road](/source/Banthat_Thong_Road) in Pathum Wan District), [Sam Yan](/source/Sam_Yan) (where Si Phraya Road meets [Phaya Thai](/source/Phaya_Thai_Road)), Henri Dunant (Surawong and Henri Dunant), [Sala Daeng](/source/Sala_Daeng) (Si Lom and [Ratchadamri](/source/Ratchadamri_Road)), and Witthayu (Sathon and [Witthayu](/source/Witthayu_Road)).

The side streets of Si Lom Road form several distinctive neighbourhoods, several of which, like Sala Daeng and Convent, feature restaurants and open spaces nestled behind office towers fronting the main road. Near Si Lom's east end, on the north side (in Suriyawong Subdistrict), several side streets are home to a concentration of nightlife venues. Among them, the [Patpong](/source/Patpong) neighbourhood is well known as a red-light district catering to foreigners. On the south side (in Si Lom Subdistrict), near Si Lom–Naradhiwas Intersection, [Soi Lalai Sap](/source/Soi_Lalai_Sap) is a popular office worker's shopping street. Towards the road's Charoen Krung end (Bang Rak Junction), the office towers peter out, and the neighbourhood is marked by the historic [Tamil](/source/Tamil_People) Indian presence; the area around Mahesak Road (between Si Lom and Surawong) is also known as a jewellery district.[14][15]

 [King Power Mahanakhon](/source/King_Power_Mahanakhon) stands out amidst the high-rises of [Si Lom](/source/Si_Lom_Road) and [Sathon](/source/Sathon_Road) roads in the Si Lom subdistrict.

Sathon Road, meanwhile, has a more sterile appearance, with office towers, hotels, and religious, educational and health institutions occupying large blocks along the road. Sathon–Naradhiwas Intersection, near the middle of the road's length, is in particular surrounded by gleaming glass-walled skyscrapers. While establishments line the road on both sides, Bang Rak District only covers those on the north; the road's south side is in the area of Sathon District. The combined Si Lom–Sathon business district generates a large amount of economic activity and employment. Despite being among the country's smallest districts by area, Bang Rak has Bangkok's largest number of jobs, with over 170,000 positions based in the district as of 2016, according to a job-seeking service company.[16]

The flurry of activity, however, doesn't reach the waterfront area along Charoen Krung Road (mostly covered by Bang Rak Subdistrict), which retains much of its historic architecture. While commercially the area had long been eclipsed by newer development, revitalisation efforts since the 2010s have aimed to revive the neighbourhood as a creative district. The area's side streets, such as [Soi Charoen Krung 36](/source/Soi_Charoen_Krung_36) and [Captain Bush Lane](/source/Captain_Bush_Lane), feature heritage buildings that serve as cultural tourism destinations.[17][18][19][20]

## Notable locations

The historic [East Asiatic Building](/source/East_Asiatic_Building) (left) and [Banque de l'Indochine](/source/Banque_de_l'Indochine) line the waterfront, while [State Tower](/source/State_Tower) rises above the neighbourhood.

Among the best known features of Bang Rak District are the skyscrapers of Si Lom and Sathon, some of which—[Mahanakhon](/source/Mahanakhon), [State Tower](/source/State_Tower), and [Jewelry Trade Center](/source/Jewelry_Trade_Center)—are among the tallest buildings in the country. They stand in contrast to colonial-era historic buildings such as the [Neilson Hays Library](/source/Neilson_Hays_Library) and the [British Club](/source/British_Club_(Bangkok)) on Surawong Road, and the [Sathon Mansion](/source/Sathon_Mansion) near Sathon–Naradhiwas Intersection. Other historic buildings are concentrated in the waterfront Charoen Krung area, including the nineteenth-century [Portuguese](/source/Embassy_of_Portugal%2C_Bangkok) and [French](/source/Embassy_of_France%2C_Bangkok) embassies, [Customs House](/source/Customs_House_(Bangkok)), [East Asiatic Building](/source/East_Asiatic_Building), and original Author's Wing of the [Mandarin Oriental Hotel](/source/Mandarin_Oriental%2C_Bangkok).

Dating later, from 1940, the [General Post Office](/source/General_Post_Office_(Bangkok)) building on Charoen Krung Road now houses the [Thailand Creative & Design Center](/source/Thailand_Creative_%26_Design_Center), a sponsor of the Creative District project. From the same period, the [Bangkokian Museum](/source/Bangkokian_Museum) and Bang Rak District Local Museum, on a side street of Charoen Krung near Maha Set Road, showcases a middle-class family home of the time and features exhibits about the district's history.[18][21]

[Sri Mahamariamman Temple](/source/Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple%2C_Bangkok) is a major landmark on Si Lom Road

Some of Bang Rak's most noticeable points of interest are places of worship, the diversity of which reflect the area's multicultural history.[19] While the district is home to centuries-old Buddhist temples including [Wat Maha Phruettharam](/source/Wat_Maha_Phruettharam) (on the same-named road), [Wat Hua Lamphong](/source/Wat_Hua_Lamphong) (at Sam Yan Intersection), and [Wat Suan Phlu](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wat_Suan_Phlu&action=edit&redlink=1) and [Wat Muang Khae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wat_Muang_Khae&action=edit&redlink=1) on the waterfront, it is the outsize representation of minority religious communities that generate special interest. The [Sri Mahamariamman Temple](/source/Sri_Mahamariamman_Temple%2C_Bangkok) on the corner of Si Lom and Pan roads is the city's largest Hindu temple, serving the Tamil community, while Soi Phuttha-osot off Maha Set Road is home to two [Jain temples](/source/Jain_temple) and the [Tamil Muslim](/source/Tamil_Muslim) Bangkok Mosque. Other mosques include the Javanese Masjid Mirasuddeen on Soi Si Lom 20, and the [Ban Oou](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ban_Oou_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1) and [Haroon](/source/Haroon_Mosque) mosques, which anchor their historic communities in the riverside area.[6][22]

The influence of the Christian missionaries is clearly observable in Bang Rak, not least from their churches—the [Assumption Cathedral](/source/Assumption_Cathedral%2C_Bangkok) near the river is the seat of the [Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangkok](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Bangkok), while over a dozen Protestant churches are located in the district—but also through the schools and hospitals they founded. The Catholic Church operates [Assumption College](/source/Assumption_College_(Thailand)), [Assumption Convent](/source/Assumption_Convent_School_(Thailand)) and [Assumption Suksa](/source/Assumption_Suksa_School) schools, all near the cathedral, as well as [Saint Joseph Convent School](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Joseph_Convent_School&action=edit&redlink=1), situated off Si Lom on Convent Road, opposite the Carmelite Monastery.

Also on Convent Road, on its corner with Sathon, is the historic [Christ Church Bangkok](/source/Christ_Church_Bangkok), today a parish church of the [Anglican Church in Thailand](/source/Anglican_Church_in_Thailand). The country's main Protestant denomination, the [Church of Christ in Thailand](/source/Church_of_Christ_in_Thailand), operates [Bangkok Christian College](/source/Bangkok_Christian_College), the country's oldest school, which sits on the corner of Sathon and Pramuan roads, as well as the [Bangkok Christian Hospital](/source/Bangkok_Christian_Hospital) on Si Lom. Other hospitals also have histories related to the Western presence: [Lerdsin Hospital](/source/Lerdsin_Hospital) (on Si Lom Road, near Bang Rak Intersection) was first headed by [Thomas Heyward Hays](/source/Thomas_Heyward_Hays), a doctor with the Presbyterian mission,[23] while [BNH Hospital](/source/BNH_Hospital) was founded as a nursing home by the British community. The other hospital in the district is Mahaesak Hospital, and other secondary schools include the state-run [Mahapruttaram Girls' School](/source/Mahapruttaram_Girls'_School) and Buddhajak Wittaya School.[24][25]

## Transport

The [BTS Skytrain](/source/BTS_Skytrain) passing over [Sala Daeng Intersection](/source/Sala_Daeng_Intersection), the beginning of Si Lom Road

Bang Rak is served by the [Silom Line](/source/Silom_Line) of the [BTS Skytrain](/source/BTS_Skytrain) and the [Blue Line](/source/MRT_Blue_Line) of the [MRT](/source/MRT_(Bangkok)), as well as the [Chao Phraya Express Boat](/source/Chao_Phraya_Express_Boat) and regular [bus services](/source/Buses_in_Bangkok). The Si Rat Expressway has ramps at Rama IV and Si Lom/Sathon roads.

The MRT runs under Rama IV Road along the district's northern border, with [Hua Lamphong](/source/Hua_Lamphong_MRT_Station), [Sam Yan](/source/Sam_Yan_MRT_Station), [Si Lom](/source/Si_Lom_MRT_Station) (at Sala Daeng Intersection), and [Lumphini](/source/Lumphini_MRT_Station) (at Witthayu) stations serving the respective neighbourhoods. The Si Lom MRT Station has a link to the BTS's [Sala Daeng Station](/source/Sala_Daeng_BTS_Station), from where the elevated railway runs along Si Lom Road before turning into Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra, where [Chong Nonsi Station](/source/Chong_Nonsi_BTS_Station) is. It continues onto Sathon Road, serving the [Saint Louis](/source/Saint_Louis_BTS_Station), [Surasak](/source/Surasak_BTS_Station), and [Saphan Taksin](/source/Saphan_Taksin_BTS_Station) stations. The last sits on [Taksin Bridge](/source/Taksin_Bridge), a major road link across the river, and provides a connection to the express boat's [Sathorn Pier](/source/Sathorn_Pier). Other piers for the boat service are Oriental, Wat Muang Kae, and [Si Phraya](/source/Si_Phraya_Pier).

## Gallery

		- [Portuguese Embassy](/source/Embassy_of_Portugal%2C_Bangkok)

		- [Customs House](/source/Customs_House%2C_Bangkok)

		- [Assumption Cathedral](/source/Assumption_Cathedral%2C_Bangkok)

		- [Christ Church Bangkok](/source/Christ_Church_Bangkok)

		- [Wat Hua Lamphong](/source/Wat_Hua_Lamphong)

		- [Bangkokian Museum](/source/Bangkokian_Museum)

		- [General Post Office](/source/General_Post_Office_(Bangkok)) building, headquarters of the [TCDC](/source/Thailand_Creative_%26_Design_Center)

		- [Songkran Festival](/source/Songkran_(Thailand)) on Si Lom Road

		- Si Lom–Naradhiwas Intersection

		- Rush-hour traffic on Sathon Road. (Bang Rak district is shown on the left side.)

		- Street Art in Charoen Krung Soi 32

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Rujivacharakul, Vimalin (2004). "Bangkok, Thailand". In Sennott, R. Stephen (ed.). *Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture: Volume 1: A–F*. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 104–107. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781579584337](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781579584337).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["ประกาศกระทรวงนครบาล รวมอำเภอชั้นใน"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210121025535/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2451/011/312.PDF) (PDF). *Royal Gazette* (in Thai). **25**: 312. 14 June 1908. Archived from [the original](http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2451/011/312.PDF) (PDF) on January 21, 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["ประกาศยกเลิกอำเภอชั้นใน ๗ อำเภอ และตั้งอำเภอชั้นในขึ้นใหม่ ๒๕ อำเภอ"](https://web.archive.org/web/20111108001715/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2458/A/335.PDF) (PDF). *Royal Gazette* (in Thai). **32**: 335. 31 October 1915. Archived from [the original](http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2458/A/335.PDF) (PDF) on November 8, 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Rak_12-0)** ["ถ้าคำว่ารัก ใน "บางรัก" ไม่เกี่ยวกับ "ความรัก" แล้วชื่อย่านบางรัก มาจากไหน?"](https://www.silpa-mag.com/history/article_23880). *ศิลปวัฒนธรรม* (in Thai). Silpa Wattanatham. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["ข้อมูลทั่วไป"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200211213548/http://www.bangkok.go.th/bangrak/page/sub/8026). *สำนักงานเขตบางรัก*. Bang Rak District Office. Archived from [the original](http://www.bangkok.go.th/bangrak/page/sub/8026/) on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Luekens, David (23 March 2017). ["Bangkok's two Little Indias"](https://www.travelfish.org/sight_profile/thailand/bangkok_and_surrounds/bangkok/bangkok/2857). *Travelfish*. Retrieved 18 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Scott, Allen J. (2015). *The Cultural Economy of Cities: Essays on the Geography of Image-Producing Industries*. SAGE Publications Ltd. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1446236178](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1446236178).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["จ๊อบไทยเผย 5 เขตที่มีงานหนาแน่นที่สุด"](https://www.thansettakij.com/content/headline/39623). *Than Settakij* (in Thai). 22 March 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Globe_17-0)** Pajai, Wanpen (12 October 2020). ["New ideas meet rich heritage on Bangkok's Charoenkrung Road"](https://southeastasiaglobe.com/charoenkrung-road-bangkok/). *Southeast Asia Globe*. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-BP-20180322_18-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-BP-20180322_18-1) Svasti, Pichaya (22 March 2018). ["Discovering how Bangkok blossomed"](https://www.bangkokpost.com/travel/in-thailand/1432954/discovering-how-bangkok-blossomed). *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 26 June 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-BP-20190516_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-BP-20190516_19-1) Karnjanatawe, Karnjana (16 May 2019). ["Bring yourself to Bang Rak"](https://www.bangkokpost.com/travel/1678672/bring-yourself-to-bang-rak). *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 3 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** อังคณา นาคเกิด (9 November 2017). ["Hidden Gem in Old Town: หลงเสน่ห์เมืองเก่าเพราะ "ที่นี่…บางรัก""](https://urbancreature.co/bangrak-hidden-gem-in-old-town/). *Urban Creature* (in Thai).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-West_21-0)** อลิษา ลิ้มไพบูลย์ (6 February 2019). ["Go West!: 10 เรื่องเล่าจากร่องรอยโลกตะวันตกในย่านเจริญกรุง"](https://readthecloud.co/walk-west-side-story/). *The Cloud* (in Thai). Retrieved 13 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** อลิษา ลิ้มไพบูลย์ (29 May 2018). ["ศิลปะอิสลามแห่งเจริญกรุง : ลายแทงศิลปะอิสลามในมัสยิดและอาคารเก่าย่านเจริญกรุง"](https://readthecloud.co/walk-islamic-art-trip/). *The Cloud* (in Thai). Retrieved 19 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** สมศักดิ์ ลีเชวงวงศ์, ed. (June 2019). [*สถาปนาครบรอบ 70 ปี โรงพยาบาลเลิดสิน กรมการแพทย์ กระทรวงสาธารณสุข*](https://web.archive.org/web/20220327162217/http://www.shi.or.th/upload/E-Book%20%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%2070%20%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%20%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99.pdf) (PDF) (in Thai). Lerdsin General Hospital, Department of Medical Services. pp. 14–21. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789744228932](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789744228932). Archived from [the original](http://www.shi.or.th/upload/E-Book%20%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%2070%20%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%20%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99.pdf) (PDF) on 2022-03-27. Retrieved 2021-01-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["โรงพยาบาล"](http://www.bangkok.go.th/bangrak/page/sub/8031/). *สำนักงานเขตบางรัก* (in Thai). Bang Rak District Office. Retrieved 20 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["สถานศึกษา และศาสนสถาน"](http://www.bangkok.go.th/bangrak/page/sub/2991/). *สำนักงานเขตบางรัก* (in Thai). Bang Rak District Office. Retrieved 20 January 2021.

- Bunruecha, Sattrawut (8 November 2017). ["People Left Behind in Bangkok's Flourishing Neighborhoods"](http://www.khaosodenglish.com/news/bangkok/2017/11/08/residents-overlooked-bangkoks-flourishing-neighborhoods/). *Khaosod English*. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

## Further reading

- Van Roy, Edward (2017). *Siamese Melting Pot: Ethnic Minorities in the Making of Bangkok*. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789814762830](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814762830).

## External links

**Bang Rak district**  at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects)

- [Media](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khet_Bang_Rak) from Commons
- [Travel information](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bangkok/Silom) from Wikivoyage

- [Bang Rak District Office website](http://www.bangkok.go.th/bangrak) ((in Thai))

Places adjacent to Bang Rak district Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem Canal Samphanthawong district Pathum Wan district Pathum Wan district Chaophraya River Khlong San district Bang Rak District Pathum Wan district Chaophraya River Khlong San district Sathon district Sathon district Sathon district

v t e Districts (khet) of Bangkok Phra Nakhon side (Bangkok core side) Bang Kapi Bang Khen Bang Kho Laem Bang Na Bang Rak Bang Sue Bueng Kum Chatuchak Din Daeng Don Mueang Dusit Huai Khwang Khan Na Yao Khlong Sam Wa Khlong Toei Lak Si Lat Krabang Lat Phrao Min Buri Nong Chok Pathum Wan Phaya Thai Phra Khanong Phra Nakhon Pom Prap Sattru Phai Prawet Ratchathewi Samphanthawong Sai Mai Saphan Sung Sathon Suan Luang Wang Thonglang Watthana Yan Nawa Thonburi side Bang Bon Bang Khae Bang Khun Thian Bangkok Noi Bangkok Yai Bang Phlat Chom Thong Khlong San Nong Khaem Phasi Charoen Rat Burana Taling Chan Thawi Watthana Thon Buri Thung Khru

v t e Bang Rak district Subdistricts Bang Rak Maha Phruettharam Si Lom Si Phraya Suriyawong Streets and neighbourhoods Captain Bush Lane Charoen Krung Road Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Road Patpong Rama IV Road Sala Daeng Sam Yan Sathon Road Si Lom Road Si Phraya Road Soi Lalai Sap Soi Pratuchai Surawong Road Historic buildings Bangkok Folk Museum British Club Chaloem Phan 53 Bridge Customs House East Asiatic Building French Embassy General Post Office Khlong Sathon Neilson Hays Library O.P. Place Phitthaya Sathian Bridge Portuguese Embassy Sathon Mansion Places of worship Churches Assumption Cathedral Christ Church Mosques Ban Oou Haroon Wat Hua Lamphong Suan Phlu Muang Khae Other San Chao Chet Sri Maha Mariamman Temple Skyscrapers Jewelry Trade Center King Power Mahanakhon State Tower Hotels Dusit Thani Lebua Mandarin Oriental Shangri-La W Bangkok Hospitals Bangkok Christian BNH Lerdsin Schools Assumption Assumption Convent Assumption Suksa Bangkok Christian Mahapruttaram Girls' Saint Joseph Convent

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bang Rak district](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang_Rak_district) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang_Rak_district?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.