# Bandwing

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{{short description|Subfamily of grasshoppers}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Bandwings
| image = Austroicetes vulgaris.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Austroicetes vulgaris](/source/Austroicetes_vulgaris)''
| taxon = Oedipodinae
| authority = [Walker](/source/Francis_Walker_(entomologist)), 1871
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
Locustidae <small>Kirby, 1825</small><br />
Locustinae <small>Kirby, 1825</small><br />
Oedipodidae <small>Walker, 1871</small>
}}

'''Bandwings''', or '''band-winged grasshoppers''', are the [subfamily](/source/subfamily) '''Oedipodinae'''<ref>[http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1103071 Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 28 January 2018)]</ref> of [grasshoppers](/source/grasshoppers) classified under the [family](/source/family_(taxonomy)) [Acrididae](/source/Acrididae). They have a worldwide distribution and were originally elevated to full family status as the Oedipodidae.<ref>Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: '''102'''</ref>  Many species primarily inhabit [xeric](/source/xeric) weedy fields, and some are considered to be important [locust](/source/locust)s:
* ''[Locusta migratoria](/source/Locusta_migratoria)'': the migratory locust
* ''[Chortoicetes terminifera](/source/Chortoicetes_terminifera)'': the Australian plague locust
* ''[Locustana pardalina](/source/Locustana_pardalina)'' the brown locust

These grasshoppers often have colorful [hindwing](/source/hindwing)s that may be yellow or red and edged with black. Others have black hindwings with pale edges, and a few species (including the most economically important ones) have clear hindwings. The [arolium](/source/arolium) is extremely small or absent. Many species engage in '''crepitation''', producing crackling sounds with their wings while in flight.<ref name="Songs">{{cite web |title=Grasshoppers |url=https://songsofinsects.com/grasshoppers |publisher=The Song of Insects |access-date=Mar 24, 2026 }}</ref>

== Defense ==
When bandwings feel safe, they appear drab. When they feel threatened, they leap out to reveal bold and bright colors. Some predators might even mistake the [blue-winged grasshopper](/source/Oedipoda_caerulescens) for a butterfly. But when the predator looks for the grasshopper, it is hiding in the grass. Bandwings continue this process if the predator tries to attack them.

==Tribes and genera==
The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists the following:<ref>*[http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=36767 Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 1 December 2018)]</ref>

=== Tribe Acrotylini ===
Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: [Africa](/source/Africa), [Europe](/source/Europe), [Asia](/source/Asia), [Australia](/source/Australia)
[[File:Caelifera CBMen 11.jpg|thumb|right|''[Acrotylus patruelis](/source/Acrotylus_patruelis)'']]
# ''[Acrotylus](/source/Acrotylus)'' Fieber, 1853
# ''[Pusana](/source/Pusana)'' Uvarov, 1940

=== Tribe Anconiini ===
Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)
# ''[Anconia](/source/Anconia)'' Scudder, 1876

=== Tribe Arphiini ===
Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America
[[File:Arphia xanthoptera P1130859a.jpg|thumb|right|''[Arphia](/source/Arphia) xanthoptera'']]
# ''[Arphia](/source/Arphia)'' Stål, 1873
# ''[Lactista](/source/Lactista)'' Saussure, 1884 (synonym ''Rehnita''<ref>''[Hippopedon](/source/Hippopedon)'' at [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/Basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=50741 Orthoptera Species File Online]</ref>)
# ''[Leuronotina](/source/Leuronotina)'' Hebard, 1932
# ''[Tomonotus](/source/Tomonotus)'' Saussure, 1861

=== Tribe Bryodemini ===
Auth. Bei-Bienko 1930; distribution: mostly central Asia
[[File:B tuberculata-W.jpg|thumb|right|''[Bryodemella tuberculata](/source/Bryodemella_tuberculata)'']]
# ''[Andrea](/source/Andrea_(grasshopper))'' Mishchenko, 1989
# ''[Angaracris](/source/Angaracris)'' Bei-Bienko, 1930
# ''[Bryodema](/source/Bryodema)'' Fieber, 1853
# ''[Bryodemacris](/source/Bryodemacris)'' Benediktov, 1998
# ''[Bryodemella](/source/Bryodemella)'' Yin, 1982 (Eastern Europe and temperate Asia)
# ''[Compsorhipis](/source/Compsorhipis)'' Saussure, 1889
# ''[Uvaroviola](/source/Uvaroviola)'' Bei-Bienko, 1930

=== Tribe Chortophagini ===
Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America
[[File:Chortophaga viridifasciata P1390820a.jpg|thumb|right|''[Chortophaga viridifasciata](/source/Chortophaga_viridifasciata)'']]
# ''[Chimarocephala](/source/Chimarocephala)'' Scudder, 1875
# ''[Chortophaga](/source/Chortophaga)'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Encoptolophus](/source/Encoptolophus)'' Scudder, 1875
# ''[Nebulatettix](/source/Nebulatettix)'' Gómez, Lightfoot & Miller, 2012
# ''[Shotwellia](/source/Shotwellia)'' Gurney, 1940

=== Tribe Epacromiini ===
Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia through to New Caledonia
[[File:Aiolopus thalassinus feeding on grass 2.jpg|thumb|right|''[Aiolopus thalassinus](/source/Aiolopus_thalassinus)'']]
# ''[Aiolopus](/source/Aiolopus)'' Fieber, 1853
# ''[Demirsoyus](/source/Demirsoyus)'' Sirin & Çiplak, 2004
# ''[Epacromius](/source/Epacromius)'' Uvarov, 1942
# ''[Heteropternis](/source/Heteropternis)'' Stål, 1873
# ''[Hilethera](/source/Hilethera)'' Uvarov, 1923
# ''[Jasomenia](/source/Jasomenia)'' Bolívar, 1914
# ''[Paracinema](/source/Paracinema_(insect))'' Fischer, 1853
# ''[Parahilethera](/source/Parahilethera)'' Zheng & Ren, 2007
# ''[Platypygius](/source/Platypygius)'' Uvarov, 1942

=== Tribe Hippiscini ===
Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: Americas
[[File:Hippiscus ocelote P1240847a.jpg|thumb|right|''[Hippiscus ocelote](/source/Hippiscus_ocelote)'']]
* ''[Agymnastus](/source/Agymnastus)'' Scudder, 1897
* ''[Camnula](/source/Camnula)'' Stål, 1873
* ''[Cratypedes](/source/Cratypedes)'' Scudder, 1876
* ''[Hadrotettix](/source/Hadrotettix)'' Scudder, 1876
* ''[Heliastus](/source/Heliastus)'' Saussure, 1884
* ''[Hippiscus](/source/Hippiscus)'' Saussure, 1861 (monotypic)
* ''[Leprus](/source/Leprus)'' Saussure, 1861
* ''[Pardalophora](/source/Pardalophora)'' Saussure, 1884
* ''[Sticthippus](/source/Sticthippus)'' Scudder, 1892
* ''[Xanthippus](/source/Xanthippus_(grasshopper))'' Saussure, 1884

=== Tribe Locustini ===
Auth. Kirby, 1825; distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia
[[File:Locusta m. migratorioides female.jpg|thumb|''[Locusta migratoria migratorioides](/source/Migratory_locust)'' female (solitary)]]
;subtribe Locustina Kirby, 1825
# ''[Locusta](/source/Migratory_locust)'' Linnaeus, 1758 ([monotypic](/source/monotypic))
# ''[Oedaleus](/source/Oedaleus)'' Fieber, 1853
# ''[Psophus](/source/Psophus)'' Fieber, 1853 - monotypic ''[Psophus stridulus](/source/Psophus_stridulus)''
;subtribe undetermined
# ''[Brunnerella](/source/Brunnerella)'' Saussure, 1888
# ''[Chifanicus](/source/Chifanicus)'' Benediktov, 2001
# ''[Gastrimargus](/source/Gastrimargus)'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Grammoscapha](/source/Grammoscapha)'' Uvarov, 1942
# ''[Locustana](/source/Locustana)'' Uvarov, 1921
# ''[Pternoscirta](/source/Pternoscirta)'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Ptetica](/source/Ptetica)'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Pycnodictya](/source/Pycnodictya)'' Stål, 1873
# ''[Pyrgodera](/source/Pyrgodera)'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1846
# ''[Scintharista](/source/Scintharista)'' Saussure, 1884

=== Tribe Macherocerini ===
Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic)
# ''[Machaerocera](/source/Machaerocera)'' Saussure, 1859

=== Tribe Oedipodini ===
Auth. Walker, 1871; distribution: N. Africa, Europe, Asia
[[File:Oedipoda caerulescens 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[Oedipoda caerulescens](/source/Oedipoda_caerulescens)'']]
# ''[Celes](/source/Celes_(grasshopper))'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Mioscirtus](/source/Mioscirtus)'' Saussure, 1888
# ''[Ochyracris](/source/Ochyracris)'' Zheng, 1991
# ''[Oedipoda](/source/Oedipoda)'' Latreille, 1829
# ''[Oedipodacris](/source/Oedipodacris)'' Willemse, 1932

=== Tribe Parapleurini ===
Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl 1893<ref>Parapleurini at [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/Basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=43372 Orthoptera Species File Online]</ref> (synonym  Parapleuri); distribution: N. America, Europe, Asia
[[File:Stethophyma magister 01.jpg|thumb|right|''[Stethophyma](/source/Stethophyma) magister'']]
# ''[Ceracris](/source/Ceracris)'' Walker, 1870
# ''[Ceracrisoides](/source/Ceracrisoides)'' Liu, 1985
# ''[Formosacris](/source/Formosacris)'' Willemse, 1951
# ''[Mecostethus](/source/Mecostethus)'' Fieber, 1852
# ''[Parapleurodes](/source/Parapleurodes)'' Ramme, 1941
# ''[Stethophyma](/source/Stethophyma)'' Fischer, 1853
# ''[Yiacris](/source/Yiacris)'' Zheng & Chen, 1993

=== Tribe Psinidiini ===
Auth. Otte, 1984; distribution: N. America
[[File:Long-horn Band-winged Grasshopper - Psinidia fenestralis, Sapelo Island, Georgia.jpg|thumb|right|''[Psinidia fenestralis](/source/Psinidia_fenestralis)'']]
* ''[Derotmema](/source/Derotmema)'' Scudder, 1876
* ''[Hippopedon](/source/Hippopedon)'' Saussure, 1861 (synonym ''Platylactista''<ref>''[Lactista](/source/Lactista)'' at [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/Basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=50699 Orthoptera Species File Online]</ref>)
* ''[Mestobregma](/source/Mestobregma)'' Scudder, 1876
* ''[Metator](/source/Metator)'' McNeill, 1901
* ''[Psinidia](/source/Psinidia)'' Stål, 1873
* ''[Trachyrhachys](/source/Trachyrhachys)'' Scudder, 1876
* ''[Trepidulus](/source/Trepidulus)'' McNeill, 1901

=== Tribe Sphingonotini ===
Auth. Johnston, 1956; distribution: worldwide, esp. Africa, Europe, Asia
thumb|right|''Sphingonotus caerulans''
# ''[Conipoda](/source/Conipoda)'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Cophotylus](/source/Cophotylus)'' Krauss, 1902
# ''[Eusphingoderus](/source/Eusphingoderus)'' Bei-Bienko, 1950
# ''[Eusphingonotus](/source/Eusphingonotus)'' Bey-Bienko, 1950
# ''[Heliopteryx](/source/Heliopteryx)'' Uvarov, 1914
# ''[Helioscirtus](/source/Helioscirtus)'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Hyalorrhipis](/source/Hyalorrhipis)'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Microtes](/source/Microtes)'' Scudder, 1900
# ''[Phaeonotus](/source/Phaeonotus)'' Popov, 1951
# ''[Pseudoceles](/source/Pseudoceles)'' Bolívar, 1899
# ''[Quadriverticis](/source/Quadriverticis)'' Zheng, 1999
# ''[Sphingoderus](/source/Sphingoderus)'' Bei-Bienko, 1950
# ''[Sphingonotus](/source/Sphingonotus)'' Fieber, 1852 - [type species](/source/type_species): ''[Sphingonotus caerulans](/source/Sphingonotus_caerulans)''<ref>''[Sphingonotus](/source/Sphingonotus)'' at [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/Basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=42103 Orthoptera species File Online]</ref>
# ''[Tetramerotropis](/source/Tetramerotropis)'' Saussure, 1888
# ''[Thalpomena](/source/Thalpomena)'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Vosseleriana](/source/Vosseleriana)'' Uvarov, 1924

=== Tribe Trilophidiini ===
Auth. Shumakov 1963; distribution: Africa, Asia (monotypic tribe)
[[File:Trilophidia conturbata2.jpg|thumb|right|''[Trilophidia](/source/Trilophidia) conturbata'']]
# ''[Trilophidia](/source/Trilophidia)'' Stål, 1873

=== Tribe [Trimerotropini](/source/Trimerotropini) ===
Auth. Blatchley, 1920; distribution: Americas
# ''[Circotettix](/source/Circotettix)'' Scudder, 1876
# ''[Conozoa](/source/Conozoa)'' Saussure, 1884
# ''[Dissosteira](/source/Dissosteira)'' Scudder, 1876
# ''[Spharagemon](/source/Spharagemon)'' Scudder, 1875
# ''[Trimerotropis](/source/Trimerotropis)'' Stål, 1873

=== Tribe Tropidolophini ===
Auth. Otte, 1995; distribution: N. America (monotypic tribe)
[[File:Tropidolophus formosus P1490430a.jpg|thumb|''[Tropidolophus formosus](/source/Tropidolophus_formosus)'']]
# ''[Tropidolophus](/source/Tropidolophus)'' Thomas, 1873 - monotypic ''[Tropidolophus formosus](/source/Tropidolophus_formosus)''

=== Genera ''[incertae sedis](/source/incertae_sedis)'' ===
[[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 40 An Australian plague locust Chortoicetes terminifera.jpg|thumb|right|''[Chortoicetes terminifera](/source/Chortoicetes_terminifera)'']]
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[Angaracrisoides](/source/Angaracrisoides)'' Gong & Zheng, 2003
* ''[Asphingoderus](/source/Asphingoderus)'' Bei-Bienko, 1950
* ''[Atympanum](/source/Atympanum)'' Yin, 1982
* ''[Aulocaroides](/source/Aulocaroides)'' Werner, 1913
* ''[Aurilobulus](/source/Aurilobulus)'' Yin, 1979
* ''[Austroicetes](/source/Austroicetes)'' Uvarov, 1925
* ''[Brancsikellus](/source/Brancsikellus)'' Berg, 1899
* ''[Chloebora](/source/Chloebora)'' Saussure, 1884
* ''[Chondronotulus](/source/Chondronotulus)'' Uvarov, 1956
* ''[Chortoicetes](/source/Chortoicetes)'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
* ''[Crinita](/source/Crinita)'' Dirsh, 1949
* ''[Cyanicaudata](/source/Cyanicaudata)'' Yin, 1979
* ''[Diraneura](/source/Diraneura)'' Scudder, 1897
* ''[Dittopternis](/source/Dittopternis)'' Saussure, 1884
* ''[Elmisia](/source/Elmisia)'' Dirsh, 1949
* ''[Eokingdonella](/source/Eokingdonella)'' Yin, 1984
* ''[Eremoscopus](/source/Eremoscopus)'' Bei-Bienko, 1951
* ''[Eurysternacris](/source/Eurysternacris)'' Chopard, 1947
* ''[Fitzgeraldia](/source/Fitzgeraldia)'' Uvarov, 1952
* ''[Flatovertex](/source/Flatovertex)'' Zheng, 1981
* ''[Granada](/source/Granada_(grasshopper))'' Koçak & Kemal, 2008
* ''[Homoeopternis](/source/Homoeopternis)'' Uvarov, 1953
* ''[Humbe](/source/Humbe_(grasshopper))'' Bolívar, 1882
* ''[Jinabia](/source/Jinabia)'' Uvarov, 1952
* ''[Kinshaties](/source/Kinshaties)'' Zheng, 1977
* ''[Leptopternis](/source/Leptopternis)'' Saussure, 1884
* ''[Mecistopteryx](/source/Mecistopteryx)'' Saussure, 1888
* ''[Morphacris](/source/Morphacris)'' Walker, 1870
* ''[Nepalacris](/source/Nepalacris)'' Balderson & Yin, 1987
* ''[Oreacris](/source/Oreacris)'' Bolívar, 1911
* ''[Promesosternus](/source/Promesosternus)'' Yin, 1982
* ''[Pseudaiolopus](/source/Pseudaiolopus)'' Hollis, 1967
* ''[Pycnocrania](/source/Pycnocrania)'' Uvarov, 1941
* ''[Pycnodella](/source/Pycnodella)'' Descamps, 1965
* ''[Pycnodictya](/source/Pycnodictya)'' Stål, 1873
* ''[Pycnostictus](/source/Pycnostictus)'' Saussure, 1884
* ''[Qualetta](/source/Qualetta)'' Sjöstedt, 1921
* ''[Rashidia](/source/Rashidia)'' Uvarov, 1933
* ''[Tibetacris](/source/Tibetacris)'' Chen, 1964
* ''[Tmetonota](/source/Tmetonota)'' Saussure, 1884
* ''[Zimbabwea](/source/Zimbabwea)'' Miller, 1949
* ''†[Mioedipoda](/source/Mioedipoda)'' Stidham & Stidham, 2000
* ''†[Nymphacrida](/source/Nymphacrida)'' Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
* ''†[Oedemastopoda](/source/Oedemastopoda)'' Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
{{div col end}}

The genus ''[Cibolacris](/source/Cibolacris)'' was originally placed in Oedipodinae, and later moved to [Gomphocerinae](/source/Gomphocerinae).  The genus ''[Stethophyma](/source/Stethophyma)'' is traditionally included in Oedipodinae, but North American authors in particular sometimes place it in the [Gomphocerinae](/source/Gomphocerinae) or [Acridinae](/source/Acridinae).   Some authors place all members of Oedipodinae within the subfamily Acridinae, and there has been much confusion and debate about the limits and relationships of the two subfamilies.<ref>''[Cibolacris](/source/Cibolacris)'' at [http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=44467 Orthoptera Species File Online]</ref>
<ref>Oedipodinae at [http://osf2x.orthoptera.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=36767 Orthoptera Species File Online]</ref><ref>Daniel Otte, 1982, 'The North American Grasshoppers, Volume 1: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae and Acridinae', Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|9780674626607}}</ref><ref>DCF Rentz, RC Lewis, YN Su & MS Upton, 2003, 'A Guide to Australian Grasshoppers and Locusts', Natural History Publications (Borneo). {{ISBN|983-812-074-X}} , {{ISBN|978-983-812-074-6}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Wikispecies inline|Oedipodinae}}
*{{Commons category inline|Oedipodinae}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q30107}}

Category:Oedipodinae
Category:Orthoptera subfamilies
<!-- Category:Insect subfamilies moved to Latin name redirect -->

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bandwing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwing) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwing?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.