# Bagaceratops

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Bagaceratops
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Bagaceratops.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagaceratops
> Source revision: 1351294263
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Protoceratopsid dinosaur genus from the Late Cretaceous

Not to be confused with [Vagaceratops](/source/Vagaceratops).

Bagaceratops Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, ~72–71 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skeletal reconstruction (including elements previously described as Magnirostris) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: †Ornithischia Clade: †Ceratopsia Clade: †Coronosauria Family: †Protoceratopsidae Genus: †Bagaceratops Maryanska & Osmolska, 1975 Type species †Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi Maryanska & Osmolska, 1975 Synonyms Gobiceratops minutus Alifanov, 2008 Lamaceratops tereschenkoi Alifanov, 2003 Magnirostris dodsoni You & Dong 2003 Platyceratops tatarinovi Alifanov, 2003

***Bagaceratops*** (meaning "small-horned face") is a [genus](/source/Genus) of small [protoceratopsid](/source/Protoceratopsid) [dinosaurs](/source/Dinosaur) that lived in [Asia](/source/Asia) during the [Late Cretaceous](/source/Late_Cretaceous), around 72 to 71 million years ago. *Bagaceratops* remains have been reported from the [Barun Goyot Formation](/source/Barun_Goyot_Formation) and [Bayan Mandahu Formation](/source/Bayan_Mandahu_Formation). One specimen may argue the possible presence of *Bagaceratops* in the [Djadochta Formation](/source/Djadochta_Formation).

*Bagaceratops* was among the smallest ceratopsians, growing up to 1–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft) in length, with a weight about 22.7–45 kg (50–99 lb). Although emerging late in the reign of the dinosaurs, *Bagaceratops* had a fairly primitive anatomy—when compared to the much derived [ceratopsids](/source/Ceratopsids)—and kept the small body size that characterized early ceratopsians. Unlike its close relative, *[Protoceratops](/source/Protoceratops)*, *Bagaceratops* lacked premaxillary teeth (cylindrical, blunt teeth near the tip of the upper jaw).

## History of discovery

[Fossil](/source/Fossil) localities of Mongolia and the location of Bayan Mandahu; *Bagaceratops* fossils have been reported from the Bayan Mandahu (bottom right), Hermiin Tsav, Khulsan (both left), and possibly Udyn Sayr (center) localities

During the large field work of the Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expeditions in the 1970s, abundant protoceratopsid specimens were discovered on eroded surfaces of the Hermiin Tsav locality of the [Barun Goyot Formation](/source/Barun_Goyot_Formation), [Gobi Desert](/source/Gobi_Desert). This newly collected and rich fossil material is stored in the [Institute of Paleobiology](/source/Museum_of_Evolution_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences) of the [Polish Academy of Sciences](/source/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences) ([Poland](/source/Poland)). In 1975, two of the expedition's leading scientists, namely Polish paleontologists [Teresa Maryańska](/source/Teresa_Marya%C5%84ska) and [Halszka Osmólska](/source/Halszka_Osm%C3%B3lska), published a large [monograph](/source/Monograph) dedicated to describe this material where they named the new genus and type species of protoceratopsid *Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi*. The selected [holotype](/source/Holotype) is **ZPAL MgD-I/126**, which consists of a relatively medium-sized skull, and a vast majority of the specimens collected by the expeditions were assigned to *Bagaceratops*, including juvenile and sub-adult skulls. The generic name, *Bagaceratops*, means "small-horned face" and is derived from the [Mongolian](/source/Mongolian_language) *baga* = meaning small; and [Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) *ceratops* = meaning horn face. The specific name, *B. rozhdestvenskyi*, is named in honor of the Russian [paleontologist](/source/Paleontologist) [Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky](/source/Anatoly_Konstantinovich_Rozhdestvensky) for his notorious work on dinosaurs.[1]

### Additional specimens

Diagram of *Bagaceratops* KID 196

*Bagaceratops* specimen MPC-D 100/551B, which belongs to an indeterminate species

In 1993, the Japan-Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition collected an articulated and nearly complete *Bagaceratops* skeleton (MPC-D 100/535) from the Barun Goyot Formation at the Hermiin Tsav locality.[2] In 2010 and 2011 this specimen was examined to analyze several borings (tunnel-like holes) left by invertebrae scavengers on joint areas.[3][4] As of 2019, MPC-D 100/535 remains largely undescribed.[5] In 2019 a partial skeleton (specimen KID 196) of *Bagaceratops* was described by Bitnara Kim and colleagues, who noted no significant differences between the skeleton of *Protoceratops* and the former, with the exception of the anatomy of the skull and the shape and location of the [clavicles](/source/Clavicle). This specimen was discovered in 2007 also from the Hermiin Tsav locality of the Barun Goyot Formation, and includes a partially preserved skull with partial skeleton of an adult individual.[5]

In 2020, Czepiński described new specimens of *Bagaceratops* and *Protoceratops* from the Udyn Sayr and Zamyn Khond localities, respectively, of the [Djadochta Formation](/source/Djadochta_Formation), and evaluated the implications of these specimens for correlation of fossil sites of the latter formation. He considered one of these specimens in particular, MPC-D 100/551B, as a potential evidence of an [anagenetic](/source/Anagenetic) transition from *Protoceratops andrewsi* to *Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi*.[6]

### Synonyms

Holotype skull of *Magnirostris*

Juvenile remains, at first tentatively named *Protoceratops kozlowskii*,[1] and then renamed *[Breviceratops kozlowskii](/source/Breviceratops_kozlowskii)* by Kurzanov in 1990,[7] were considered to be juvenile *Bagaceratops*. [Paul Sereno](/source/Paul_Sereno) in 2000 explained this by extrapolating that the juvenile *Breviceratops* would grow into a mature *Bagaceratops*.[8]

In 2003 Russian paleontologist Vladimir R. Alifanov named the new taxa *Lamaceratops tereschenkoi* and *Platyceratops tatarinovi* from the Barun Goyot Formation. Material assigned by Alifanov corresponds to the holotype of *Lamaceratops* (PIN 4487/26; a partial small-sized skull), recovered from the Khulsan locality, and the holotype of *Platyceratops* (PIN 3142/4; an almost complete medium-sized skull), found in the [red beds](/source/Red_beds) of the Hermiin Tsav locality. He also coined the family Bagaceratopidae in order to contain these new taxa and *Bagaceratops*.[9] Also during 2003, [You Hailu](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You_Hailu&action=edit&redlink=1) and [Dong Zhiming](/source/Dong_Zhiming) described and named the new genus and species of protoceratopsid *Magnirostris dodsoni* from red beds at the Bayan Mandahu locality of the [Bayan Mandahu Formation](/source/Bayan_Mandahu_Formation), [Inner Mongolia](/source/Inner_Mongolia) ([China](/source/China)). The holotype of *Magnirostris*, IVPP V12513, represents a nearly complete skull lacking the [frill](/source/Neck_frill) region of a large individual and was collected during expeditions led by the Sino-Canadian Dinosaur Project.[10] In 2006 Mackoviky regarded all of these ceratopsians as [junior synonyms](/source/Junior_synonym) of *Bagaceratops* based on the reasoning that all exhibit anatomical traits already seen on other specimens of this protoceratopsid, and some of them are likely products of preservation.[11]

Skeletal diagram featuring the known elements of *Gobiceratops*

In 2008 Alifanov described and named another ceratopsian taxon from the Barun Goyot Formation, *Gobiceratops minutus*. Its holotype (PIN 3142/299) is represented by a very small and juvenile skull that was collected from the Hermiin Tsav locality near the end of the 1970s by the Joint Soviet–Mongolian Paleontological Expedition. Though Alifanov used this skull to erect the new *Gobiceratops*, it had already been displayed for several years at the [Moscow Paleontological Museum](/source/Moscow_Paleontological_Museum) under the name *Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi*.[12]

A comprehensive study on the intraspecific variation in morphology of *B. rozhdestvenskyi* was conducted by Polish paleontologist Łukasz Czepiński in [2019](/source/2019_in_archosaur_paleontology), where he concluded that the previously named *Gobiceratops minutus*, *Lamaceratops tereschenkoi*, *Platyceratops tatarinovi* and *Magnirostris dodsoni* represent additional specimens and growth stages of *B. rozhdestvenskyi* and therefore, junior synonyms. Czepiński reexamined many of the specimens originally described by Maryańska and Osmólska, as well as the respective holotypes of these taxa, providing evidence that all traits used to separate them are, in fact, indistinguishably present on *Bagaceratops* and they fall within the large intraspecific variation of this taxon. He also considered *Breviceratops* to be a distinct and separate genus of protoceratopsid, from both *Bagaceratops* and *Protoceratops*, as it features a combination of basal (primitive) and derived (advanced) traits.[13]

## Description

*Bagaceratops* specimens compared to a 1.8 m (5.9 ft) tall human

*Bagaceratops* was a small-sized protoceratopsid, reaching adult dimensions of about 1–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft) in length[14][5] and 22.7–45 kg (50–99 lb) in body mass based on *Maginostris*.[15] It had a smaller frill, about ten grinding teeth per jaw, and more triangular skull than its close relative, *[Protoceratops](/source/Protoceratops)*. Although both *Bagaceratops* and *Protoceratops* were very similar (mostly in the postcranial skeleton), the former had a much derived (advanced) skull morphology. *Bagaceratops* lacked primitive [premaxillary](/source/Premaxilla) teeth, had paired (fused) nasal bones, and an oval-shaped fenestra (hole) was developed in the [maxilla](/source/Maxilla)—otherwise known as accessory [antorbital fenestra](/source/Antorbital_fenestra).[1][13]

## Classification

[Life restoration](/source/Paleoart)

Skull cast of specimen PIN 3142/1

*Bagaceratops* belonged to [Ceratopsia](/source/Ceratopsia), a group of herbivorous dinosaurs with [parrot](/source/Parrot)-like beaks which thrived in [North America](/source/North_America) and [Asia](/source/Asia) during the Cretaceous Period, which ended roughly 66 million years ago.

In 2019 Czepiński analyzed a vast majority of referred specimens to the ceratopsians *Bagaceratops* and *Breviceratops*, and concluded that most were in fact specimens of the former. Although the genera *Gobiceratops*, *Lamaceratops*, *Magnirostris*, and *Platyceratops*, were long considered valid and distinct taxa, and sometimes placed within [Protoceratopsidae](/source/Protoceratopsidae), Czepiński found the diagnostic features used to distinguish these taxa to be largely present in *Bagaceratops* and thus becoming synonyms of this genus. Under this reasoning, Protoceratopsidae consists of *Bagaceratops*, *Breviceratops*, and *Protoceratops*. Based on cranial characters such as presence or absence of premaxillary teeth and an antorbital fenestra, *P. andrewsi* is the basal-most protoceratopsid and *Bagaceratops* the derived-most one. Below are the proposed phylogenetic relationships within Protoceratopsidae by Czepiński:[13]

Protoceratopsidae Protoceratops andrewsi Protoceratops hellenikorhinus Breviceratops Bagaceratops

## Paleoenvironment

### Barun Goyot Formation

The [Barun Goyot Formation](/source/Barun_Goyot_Formation), based on [sediments](/source/Sediment), is regarded as [Late Cretaceous](/source/Late_Cretaceous) in age (Middle-Upper [Campanian](/source/Campanian)) and has virtually yielded the bulk of material for which *Bagaceratops* is known.[16][13] This formation is mostly characterized by series of [red beds](/source/Red_beds), mostly light-coloured [sands](/source/Sand) (yellowish, grey-brown, and rarely reddish) that are locally cemented. Sandy [claystones](/source/Claystone) (often red-coloured), [siltstones](/source/Siltstone), [conglomerates](/source/Conglomerate_(geology)), and large-scale trough [cross-stratification](/source/Cross-stratification) in sands are also common across the unit. In addition, structureless, medium-grained, fine-grained and very fine-grained [sandstones](/source/Sandstone) predominate in sediments of the Barun Goyot Formation. The sediments of this formation were deposited in [alluvial plain](/source/Alluvial_plain) (flat land consisting of sediments deposited by highland [rivers](/source/River)), [lacustrine](/source/Lacustrine), and [aeolian](/source/Aeolian_processes) paleoenvironments, under relatively [arid](/source/Desert_climate) to [semiarid climates](/source/Semiarid_climate).[17][18][16]

*Bagaceratops* is the most common taxon across the Barun Goyot Formation,[1][13] which was also home to many other [vertebrates](/source/Vertebrate), including the [ankylosaurids](/source/Ankylosaurid) *[Saichania](/source/Saichania)*, *[Tarchia](/source/Tarchia)* and *[Zaraapelta](/source/Zaraapelta)*;[19][20] [alvarezsaurids](/source/Alvarezsaurid) *[Khulsanurus](/source/Khulsanurus)* and *[Parvicursor](/source/Parvicursor)*;[21] [birds](/source/Bird) *[Gobipipus](/source/Gobipipus)*, *[Gobipteryx](/source/Gobipteryx)* and *[Hollanda](/source/Hollanda)*;[22] fellow [protoceratopsid](/source/Protoceratopsid) *[Breviceratops](/source/Breviceratops)*;[13] [dromaeosaurids](/source/Dromaeosaurid) *[Kuru](/source/Kuru_kulla)* and *[Shri devi](/source/Shri_devi)*;[23][24] [halszkaraptorine](/source/Halszkaraptorine) *[Hulsanpes](/source/Hulsanpes)*;[25] [pachycephalosaurid](/source/Pachycephalosaurid) *[Tylocephale](/source/Tylocephale)*;[26] and [oviraptorids](/source/Oviraptorid) *[Conchoraptor](/source/Conchoraptor)*, *[Heyuannia](/source/Heyuannia)* and *[Nemegtomaia](/source/Nemegtomaia)*.[27][28] Other taxa are represented by the [large](/source/Megafauna) titanosaur *[Quaesitosaurus](/source/Quaesitosaurus)*,[29] and a wide diversity of [mammals](/source/Mammal) and [squamates](/source/Squamate).[30][31][32]

### Bayan Mandahu Formation

The [Bayan Mandahu Formation](/source/Bayan_Mandahu_Formation), which yielded *Magnirostris* (now synonym of *Bagaceratops*),[13] is considered to be Late Cretaceous in age, roughly [Campanian](/source/Campanian). The dominant [lithology](/source/Lithology) is reddish-brown, poorly cemented, fine grained sandstone with some conglomerate, and [caliche](/source/Caliche). Other facies include [alluvial](/source/Alluvial) ([stream](/source/Stream)-deposited) and aeolian ([wind](/source/Wind)-deposited) sediments. It is likely that sediments at Bayan Mandahu were deposited by short-lived rivers and [lakes](/source/Lake) on an alluvial plain with a combination of [dune](/source/Dune) field paleoenvironments, under a semi-arid climate. The formation is known for its vertebrate fossils in life-like poses, most of which are preserved in unstructured sandstone, indicating a catastrophic rapid burial.[33][34]

This formation has produced numerous [dinosaurs](/source/Dinosaur), such as closely related protoceratopsid *[Protoceratops](/source/Protoceratops)*;[35] ankylosaurid *[Pinacosaurus](/source/Pinacosaurus)*;[36][37] alvarezsaurid *[Linhenykus](/source/Linhenykus)*;[38] dromaeosaurids *[Linheraptor](/source/Linheraptor)* and *[Velociraptor](/source/Velociraptor)*;[39][40] oviraptorids *[Machairasaurus](/source/Machairasaurus)* and *[Wulatelong](/source/Wulatelong)*;[41][42] and [troodontids](/source/Troodontid) *[Linhevenator](/source/Linhevenator)*, *[Papiliovenator](/source/Papiliovenator)*, and *[Philovenator](/source/Philovenator)*.[43] Other paleofauna from this unit comprises a variety of squamates and mammals,[44][45] and [nanhsiungchelyids](/source/Nanhsiungchelyid) [turtles](/source/Turtle).[46]

## See also

- [Dinosaurs portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Dinosaurs)

- [Timeline of ceratopsian research](/source/Timeline_of_ceratopsian_research)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Mary1975_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Mary1975_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Mary1975_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Mary1975_1-3) Maryańska, T.; Osmólska, H. (1975). ["Protoceratopsidae (Dinosauria) of Asia"](http://www.palaeontologia.pan.pl/Archive/1975-33_133-181_36-50.pdf) (PDF). *Palaeontologia Polonica*. **33**: 134−143.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Watabe, M., Suzuki, S., 2000a. Report on the Japan-Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1993. Hayashibara Museum of Natural SciencesResearch Bulletin 1, 17 29.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Matsumoto, Y.; Saneyoshi, M. (2010). ["Bored dinosaur skeletons"](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geosoc/116/1/116_116.1.I_II/_pdf). *The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan*. **116** (1): I–II. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.5575/geosoc.116.1.I_II](https://doi.org/10.5575%2Fgeosoc.116.1.I_II).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Saneyoshi, M.; Watabe, M.; Suzuki, S.; Tsogtbaatar, K. (2011). ["Trace fossils on dinosaur bones from Upper Cretaceous eolian deposits in Mongolia: Taphonomic interpretation of paleoecosystems in ancient desert environments"](https://www.academia.edu/27857932). *Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology*. **311** (1–2): 38−47. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011PPP...311...38S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PPP...311...38S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.024](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2011.07.024).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Kim2019_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Kim2019_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Kim2019_5-2) Kim, B.; Yun, H.; Lee, Y.-N. (2019). ["The postcranial skeleton of Bagaceratops (Ornithischia: Neoceratopsia) from the Baruungoyot Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in Hermiin Tsav of southwestern Gobi, Mongolia"](http://www.jgsk.or.kr/_common/do.php?a=current&b=21&bidx=1526&aidx=19356#cor1). *Journal of the Geological Society of Korea*. **55** (2): 179−190. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.14770/jgsk.2019.55.2.179](https://doi.org/10.14770%2Fjgsk.2019.55.2.179). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [150321203](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150321203).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Czepiński, Ł. (2020). ["New protoceratopsid specimens improve the age correlation of the Upper Cretaceous Gobi Desert strata"](https://doi.org/10.4202%2Fapp.00701.2019). *Acta Palaeontologica Polonica*. **65** (3): 481−497. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.4202/app.00701.2019](https://doi.org/10.4202%2Fapp.00701.2019).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Kurzanov, S. M. (1990). ["Новый род протоцератопсид из позднего мела Монголии"](https://www.geokniga.org/bookfiles/geokniga-paleontologicaljournal1990-4.pdf) [A new Late Cretaceous protoceratopsid genus from Mongolia] (PDF). *Paleontological Journal* (in Russian) (4): 91−97.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Sereno, P. C. (2000). ["The fossil record, systematics and evolution of pachycephalosaurs and ceratopsians from Asia"](https://d3qi0qp55mx5f5.cloudfront.net/paulsereno/i/docs/00-Marginocephalia.pdf) (PDF). *The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia*. Cambridge University Press. pp. 488–489.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Alifanov, V. R. (2003). "Two new dinosaurs of the infraorder Neoceratopsia (Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nemegt Depression, Mongolian People's Republic". *Paleontological Journal*. **37** (5): 524–534.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** You, H.; Dong, Z. (2003). "A New Protoceratopsid (Dinosauria: Neoceratopsia) from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". *Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition)*. **77** (3): 299−303. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2003AcGlS..77..299Y](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AcGlS..77..299Y). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1755-6724.2003.tb00745.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1755-6724.2003.tb00745.x).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Makovicky, P. J.; Norell, M. A. (2006). ["Yamaceratops dorngobiensis, a New Primitive Ceratopsian (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Cretaceous of Mongolia"](https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/5808//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N3530.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y) (PDF). *American Museum Novitates* (3530): 1–42. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3530\[1:YDANPC\]2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1206%2F0003-0082%282006%293530%5B1%3AYDANPC%5D2.0.CO%3B2). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[2246/5808](https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F5808).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Alifanov, V. R. (2008). ["The Tiny Horned Dinosaur Gobiceratops minutus gen. et sp. nov. (Bagaceratopidae, Neoceratopsia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225959998). *Paleontological Journal*. **42** (6): 621–633. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2008PalJ...42..621A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PalJ...42..621A). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1134/S0031030108060087](https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS0031030108060087). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [129893753](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129893753).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Cze2019_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Cze2019_13-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Cze2019_13-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Cze2019_13-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Cze2019_13-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Cze2019_13-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Cze2019_13-6) Czepiński, Ł. (2019). "Ontogeny and variation of a protoceratopsid dinosaur *Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi* from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert". *Historical Biology*. **32** (10): 1394–1421. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/08912963.2019.1593404](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08912963.2019.1593404). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [132780322](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:132780322).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Dodson, P. (1993). "Dinosaurs Rule The World". [*The Age of Dinosaurs*](https://archive.org/details/ageofdinosaurs0000unse). Publications International. p. 132. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-7853-0443-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7853-0443-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Holtz, T. R.; Rey, L. V. (2007). *Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages*. Random House. [Supplementary Information 2012](https://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/HoltzappendixWinter2011.pdf) [Weight Information](https://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/appendix.html)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Enerthh2018_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Enerthh2018_16-1) Eberth, D. A. (2018). "Stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental evolution of the dinosaur-rich Baruungoyot-Nemegt succession (Upper Cretaceous), Nemegt Basin, southern Mongolia". *Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology*. **494**: 29–50. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018PPP...494...29E](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PPP...494...29E). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.11.018](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2017.11.018).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Gradziński, R.; Jerzykiewicz, T. (1974). ["Sedimentation of the Barun Goyot Formation"](http://www.palaeontologia.pan.pl/Archive/1974_30_111-146_34-42.pdf) (PDF). *Palaeontologia Polonica*. **30**: 111−146.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Gradziński, R.; Jaworowska, Z. K.; Maryańska, T. (1977). ["Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta, Barun Goyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia, including remarks on previous subdivisions"](https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/agp/article/view/9555/8104). *Acta Geologica Polonica*. **27** (3): 281–326.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Arbour, V. M.; Currie, P. J.; Badamgarav, D. (2014). "The ankylosaurid dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia". *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society*. **172** (3): 631−652. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/zoj.12185](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fzoj.12185).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Park, J.-Y.; Lee, Y. N.; Currie, P. J.; Ryan, M. J.; Bell, P.; Sissons, R.; Koppelhus, E. B.; Barsbold, R.; Lee, S.; Kim, S.-H. (2021). ["A new ankylosaurid skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia: its implications for ankylosaurid postcranial evolution"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7973727). *Scientific Reports*. **11** (4101): 4101. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41598-021-83568-4](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-83568-4). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7973727](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7973727). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [33737515](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33737515).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Averianov, A. O.; Lopatin, A. V. (2022). "A re-appraisal of Parvicursor remotus from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia: implications for the phylogeny and taxonomy of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaurs". *Journal of Systematic Palaeontology*. **19** (16): 1097–1128. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/14772019.2021.2013965](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14772019.2021.2013965). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [247222017](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247222017).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Bell, A. K.; Chiappe, L. M.; Erickson, G. M.; Suzuki, S.; Watabe, M.; Barsbold, R.; Tsogtbaatar, K. (2010). ["Description and ecologic analysis of Hollanda luceria, a Late Cretaceous bird from the Gobi Desert (Mongolia)"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229349737). *Cretaceous Research*. **31** (1): 16−26. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2010CrRes..31...16B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010CrRes..31...16B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.001](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2009.09.001).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Turner, A. H.; Montanari, S.; Norell, M. A. (2021). ["A New Dromaeosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Khulsan Locality of Mongolia"](http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/7251/N3965.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y) (PDF). *American Museum Novitates* (3965): 1–48. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1206/3965.1](https://doi.org/10.1206%2F3965.1). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[2246/7251](https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F7251). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0003-0082](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0082). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [231597229](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231597229).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Napoli, J. G.; Ruebenstahl, A. A.; Bhullar, B.-A. S.; Turner, A. H.; Norell, M. A. (2021). ["A New Dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from Khulsan, Central Mongolia"](https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/7286/3982.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y) (PDF). *American Museum Novitates* (3982): 1–47. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1206/3982.1](https://doi.org/10.1206%2F3982.1). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[2246/7286](https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F7286). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0003-0082](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0082). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [243849373](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243849373).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Cau, A.; Madzia, D. (2018). ["Redescription and affinities of Hulsanpes perlei (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5978397). *PeerJ*. **6** e4868. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.7717/peerj.4868](https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.4868). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5978397](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5978397). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [29868277](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29868277).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Sullivan, R. M. (2006). ["A taxonomic review of the Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240625747). *New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin* (35): 347–365.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Fanti, F.; Currie, P. J.; Badamgarav, D.; Lalueza-Fox, C. (2012). ["New specimens of *Nemegtomaia* from the Baruungoyot and Nemegt Formations (Late Cretaceous) of Mongolia"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3275628). *PLOS ONE*. **7** (2) e31330. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012PLoSO...731330F](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...731330F). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1371/journal.pone.0031330](https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0031330). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3275628](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3275628). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [22347465](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22347465).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Funston, G. F.; Mendonca, S. E.; Currie, P. J.; Barsbold, R.; Barsbold, R. (2018). "Oviraptorosaur anatomy, diversity and ecology in the Nemegt Basin". *Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology*. **494**: 101–120. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018PPP...494..101F](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PPP...494..101F). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.023](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2017.10.023).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** Kurzanov, S. M.; Bannikov, A. F. (1983). ["A new sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia"](https://web.archive.org/web/20220219211445/https://moam.info/a-new-sauropod-from-the-upper-cretaceous-of-mongolia_5b764105097c4785168b45fe.html). *Paleontological Journal*. **2**: 90−96. Archived from [the original](https://moam.info/a-new-sauropod-from-the-upper-cretaceous-of-mongolia_5b764105097c4785168b45fe.html) on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-08-13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. (1974). ["Multituberculate succession in the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert (Mongolia)"](http://www.palaeontologia.pan.pl/Archive/1974_30_23-44_5-21.pdf) (PDF). *Palaeontologia Polonica*. **30**: 23–44.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Gradziński, R.; Jerzykiewicz, T. (1974). "Dinosaur- and mammal-bearing aeolian and associated deposits of the Upper Cretaceous in the Gobi Desert (Mongolia)". *Sedimentary Geology*. **12** (4): 249–278. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1974SedG...12..249G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974SedG...12..249G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/0037-0738(74)90021-9](https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0037-0738%2874%2990021-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Keqin, G.; Norell, M. A. (2000). ["Taxonomic composition and systematics of late Cretaceous lizard assemblages from Ukhaa Tolgod and adjacent localities, Mongolian Gobi Desert"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283992599). *American Museum Novitates* (249): 1−118. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1206/0003-0090(2000)249<0001:TCASOL>2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1206%2F0003-0090%282000%29249%3C0001%3ATCASOL%3E2.0.CO%3B2). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[2246/1596](https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F1596). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [129367764](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129367764).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Jerzykiewiczz1993_33-0)** Jerzykiewicz, T.; Currie, P. J.; Eberth, D. A.; Johnston, P. A.; Koster, E. H.; Zheng, J.-J. (1993). ["Djadokhta Formation correlative strata in Chinese Inner Mongolia: an overview of the stratigraphy, sedimentary geology, and paleontology and comparisons with the type locality in the pre-Altai Gobi"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237174446). *Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences*. **30** (10): 2180−2195. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1993CaJES..30.2180J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993CaJES..30.2180J). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1139/e93-190](https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fe93-190).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Eberth, D. A. (1993). "Depositional environments and facies transitions of dinosaur-bearing Upper Cretaceous redbeds at Bayan Mandahu (Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China)". *Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences*. **30** (10): 2196−2213. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1993CaJES..30.2196E](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993CaJES..30.2196E). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1139/e93-191](https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fe93-191).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** Lambert, O.; Godefroit, P.; Li, H.; Shang, C.-Y.; Dong, Z. (2001). ["A new Species of Protoceratops (Dinosauria, Neoceratopsia) from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia (P. R. China)"](http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-institute-of-natural-sciences-earth-sciences/71-sup-2001/irscnb_p4087_01ec08x_71-sup_bulletin-1.pdf) (PDF). *Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre*. **71**: 5−28.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** Godefroit, P.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Li, H.; Dong, Z. M. (1999). ["A new species of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia (P.R. China)"](http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-institute-of-natural-sciences-earth-sciences/69-sup-b-1999/bulletin69supb-article2.pdf) (PDF). *Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre*. **69** (supp. B): 17–36.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CurrieP2011_37-0)** Currie, P. J.; Badamgarav, D.; Koppelhus, E. B.; Sissons, R.; Vickaryous, M. K. (2011). ["Hands, feet and behaviour in Pinacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae)"](http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app56/app20100055.pdf) (PDF). *Acta Palaeontologica Polonica*. **56** (3): 489–504. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.4202/app.2010.0055](https://doi.org/10.4202%2Fapp.2010.0055). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [129291148](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129291148).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** Xing, X.; Sullivan, Corwin; Pittman, M.; Choiniere, J. N.; Hone, D. W. E.; Upchurch, P.; Tan, Q.; Xiao, Dong; Lin, Tan; Han, F. (2011). ["A monodactyl nonavian dinosaur and the complex evolution of the alvarezsauroid hand"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3038769). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*. **108** (6): 2338–2342. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011PNAS..108.2338X](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..108.2338X). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.1011052108](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1011052108). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3038769](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3038769). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [21262806](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21262806).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** Godefroit, P.; Currie, P. J.; Li, H.; Shang, C. Y.; Dong, Z.-M. (2008). "A new species of Velociraptor (Dinosauria: Dromaeosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of northern China". *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*. **28** (2): 432–438. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28\[432:ANSOVD\]2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1671%2F0272-4634%282008%2928%5B432%3AANSOVD%5D2.0.CO%3B2). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [20490961](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20490961). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [129414074](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129414074).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** Xing, X.; Choinere, J. N.; Pittman, M.; Tan, Q. W.; Xiao, D.; Li, Z. Q.; Tan, L.; Clark, J. M.; Norell, M. A.; Hone, D. W. E; Sullivan, C. (2010). ["A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China"](http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/zt02403p009.pdf) (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **2403** (1): 1–9. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.1](https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.2403.1.1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Longrich2010_41-0)** Longrich, N. R.; Currie, P. J.; Dong, Z. (2010). ["A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2010.00968.x). *Palaeontology*. **53** (5): 945−960. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2010Palgy..53..945L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Palgy..53..945L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2010.00968.x).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** Xing, X.; Qing-Wei, T.; Shuo, W.; Sullivan, C.; Hone, D. W. E.; Feng-Lu, H.; Qing-Yu, M.; Lin, T.; Dong, T. (2013). ["A new oviraptorid from the Upper Cretaceous of Nei Mongol,China, and its stratigraphic implications"](http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201305/P020130507385115746165.pdf) (PDF). *Vertebrata PalAsiatica*. **51** (2): 85–101.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** Pei, R.; Qin, Yuying; Wen, Aishu; Zhao, Q.; Wang, Z.; Liu, Z.; Guo, W.; Liu, P.; Ye, W.; Wang, L.; Yin, Z.; Dai, R.; Xu, X. (2022). "A new troodontid from the Upper Cretaceous Gobi Basin of inner Mongolia, China". *Cretaceous Research*. **130** (105052) 105052. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2022CrRes.13005052P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022CrRes.13005052P). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105052](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2021.105052). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [244186762](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244186762).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** Gao, K.; Hou, L. (1996). "Systematics and taxonomic diversity of squamates from the Upper Cretaceous Djadochta Formation, Bayan Mandahu, Gobi Desert, People's Republic of China". *Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences*. **33** (4): 578−598. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996CaJES..33..578G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996CaJES..33..578G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1139/e96-043](https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fe96-043).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** Wible, J. R.; Shelley, S. L.; Bi, S. (2019). ["New Genus and Species of Djadochtatheriid Multituberculate (Allotheria, Mammalia) from the Upper Cretaceous Bayan Mandahu Formation of Inner Mongolia"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338202993). *Annals of Carnegie Museum*. **85** (4): 285–327. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2992/007.085.0401](https://doi.org/10.2992%2F007.085.0401). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [210840006](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:210840006).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** Brinkman, D. B.; Tong, H.-Y.; Li, H.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, J.-S.; Godefroit, P.; Zhang, Z.-M. (2015). ["New exceptionally well-preserved specimens of "Zangerlia" neimongolensis from Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, and their taxonomic significance"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.crpv.2014.12.005). *Comptes Rendus Palevol*. **14** (6–7): 577−587. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015CRPal..14..577B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CRPal..14..577B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.crpv.2014.12.005](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.crpv.2014.12.005).

## External links

- [HVNHM on *Bagaceratops*](http://hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca/ceratopsid/bagaceratops.html)

v t e Ceratopsia Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Ornithischia Clade: Marginocephalia Avemetatarsalia see Avemetatarsalia Ornithischia see Ornithischia Ceratopsia see below↓ Ceratopsia Ceratopsia Albalophosaurus Micropachycephalosaurus Psittacosaurus Chaoyangsauridae Chaoyangsaurus Hualianceratops Stenopelix Xuanhuaceratops Yinlong Neoceratopsia Aquilops Auroraceratops Beg Graciliceratops Koreaceratops Kulceratops? Liaoceratops Microceratus Mosaiceratops Sasayamagnomus Archaeoceratopsidae Archaeoceratops Helioceratops Yamaceratops? Leptoceratopsidae Asiaceratops Bainoceratops Cerasinops Ferrisaurus Gremlin Gryphoceratops Ischioceratops Leptoceratops Montanoceratops Prenoceratops Udanoceratops Unescoceratops Zhuchengceratops Protoceratopsidae Bagaceratops Breviceratops Protoceratops Ceratopsoidea Ajkaceratops Ferenceratops Turanoceratops Zuniceratops Ceratopsidae see below↓ Ceratopsidae Ceratopsidae Agathaumas Brachyceratops Ceratops Dysganus Monoclonius Polyonax Chasmosaurinae Agujaceratops Anchiceratops Arrhinoceratops Bisticeratops Bravoceratops Chasmosaurus Coahuilaceratops Cryptarcus Judiceratops Kosmoceratops Mercuriceratops Navajoceratops Pentaceratops Sierraceratops Spiclypeus Terminocavus Utahceratops Vagaceratops Triceratopsini Eotriceratops Nedoceratops Ojoceratops Regaliceratops Tatankaceratops? Titanoceratops Torosaurus Triceratops Centrosaurinae Diabloceratops Machairoceratops Menefeeceratops Sinoceratops Wendiceratops Xenoceratops Albertaceratopsini Albertaceratops Lokiceratops Medusaceratops Nasutoceratopsini Avaceratops Crittendenceratops Furcatoceratops Nasutoceratops Yehuecauhceratops Centrosaurini Centrosaurus Coronosaurus Spinops Styracosaurus? Pachyrhinosaurini Achelousaurus Einiosaurus Stellasaurus Pachyrhinosaurus See also: Timeline Category

Taxon identifiers Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi Wikidata: Q131256 Wikispecies: Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi EoL: 4531819 GBIF: 4965778 Paleobiology Database: 52826

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Bagaceratops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagaceratops) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagaceratops?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.