# Badger

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Short-legged omnivore

For other uses, see [Badger (disambiguation)](/source/Badger_(disambiguation)).

Badger An American badger Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Infraclass: Placentalia Order: Carnivora Parvorder: Mustelida Superfamily: Musteloidea Groups included genera of family Mustelidae: Arctonyx (hog badgers) Meles (Eurasian badgers) Melogale (ferret-badgers) Mellivora (honey badgers) †Chamitataxus (extinct North American badgers from the Miocene) †Pliotaxidea (extinct North American badgers from the Pliocene) Taxidea (modern North American badgers) genera of family Mephitidae: Mydaus (stink badgers) Mustelid badger ranges Honey badger (Mellivora capensis) American badger (Taxidea taxus) European badger (Meles meles) Asian badger (Meles leucurus) Japanese badger (Meles anakuma) Chinese ferret-badger (Melogale moschata) Burmese ferret-badger (Melogale personata) Javan ferret-badger (Melogale orientalis) Bornean ferret-badger (Melogale everetti)

[European badger](/source/European_badger)

**Badgers** are medium-sized short-legged [omnivores](/source/Omnivore) in the [superfamily](/source/Superfamily_(taxonomy)) [Musteloidea](/source/Musteloidea). Badgers are a [polyphyletic](/source/Polyphyletic) rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by their squat bodies and adaptions for [fossorial](/source/Fossorial) activity rather than by their ancestral relationships: Musteloidea contains several families, only two of which (the "weasel family" [Mustelidae](/source/Mustelidae) and the "skunk family" [Mephitidae](/source/Mephitidae)) include badgers; moreover, both of these families also include various other animals that are not badgers.

The fifteen [species](/source/Species) of mustelid badgers are grouped in four subfamilies: four species of Melinae (genera *Meles* and *Arctonyx*) including the [European badger](/source/European_badger), five species of Helictidinae (genus *Melogale*) or [ferret-badger](/source/Ferret-badger), the [honey badger](/source/Honey_badger) or ratel Mellivorinae (genus *Mellivora*), and the [American badger](/source/American_badger) Taxideinae (genus *Taxidea*). Badgers include the most [basal](/source/Basal_(phylogenetics)) mustelids; the American badger is the most basal of all, followed successively by the ratel and the Melinae; the estimated split dates are about 17.8, 15.5 and 14.8 million years ago, respectively.[1]

The two species of Asiatic [stink badgers](/source/Stink_badger) of the genus *Mydaus* were formerly included within Melinae (and thus Mustelidae), but more recent genetic evidence indicates these are actually members of the [skunk](/source/Skunk) family (Mephitidae).[2]

Badger [mandibular condyles](/source/Mandibular_condyle) connect to long cavities in their skulls, which gives resistance to jaw dislocation and increases their bite grip strength.[3] This in turn limits jaw movement to hinging open and shut, or sliding from side to side, but it does not hamper the twisting movement possible for the jaws of most [mammals](/source/Mammal).

Badgers have rather short, wide bodies, with short legs for digging. They have elongated, weasel-like heads with small ears. Their tails vary in length depending on species; the stink badger has a very short tail, while the ferret-badger's tail can be 46–51 cm (18–20 in) long, depending on age. They have black faces with distinctive white markings, grey bodies with a light-coloured stripe from head to tail, and dark legs with light-coloured underbellies. They grow to around 90 cm (35 in) in length, including tail.

The European badger is one of the largest; the American badger, the hog badger, and the honey badger are generally a little smaller and lighter. Stink badgers are smaller still, and ferret-badgers are the smallest of all. They weigh around 9–11 kg (20–24 lb), while some Eurasian badgers weigh around 18 kg (40 lb).[4]

## Etymology

The word "badger" originally applied to the [European badger](/source/European_badger) (*Meles meles*), comes from earlier *bageard* (16th century),[5] presumably referring to the white mark borne like a badge on its forehead.[6] Similarly, a now archaic synonym was *bauson* 'badger' (1375), a variant of *bausond* 'striped, piebald', from Old French *bausant*, *baucent* 'id.'.[7]

The less common name *brock* ([Old English](/source/Old_English): *brocc*), ([Scots](/source/Scots_Language): *brock*) is a [Celtic](/source/Celtic_languages) [loanword](/source/Loanword) (cf. [Gaelic](/source/Goidelic_languages) *broc* and [Welsh](/source/Welsh_language) *broch*, from [Proto-Celtic](/source/Proto-Celtic) **brokkos*) meaning "grey".[6] The [Proto-Germanic](/source/Proto-Germanic) term was **þahsuz* (cf. [German](/source/German_language) *Dachs*, [Dutch](/source/Dutch_language) *das*, [Norwegian](/source/Norwegian_language) svin*toks*; [Early Modern English](/source/Early_Modern_English) *dasse*), probably from the [PIE](/source/Proto-Indo-European_language) [root](/source/Root_(linguistics)) **tek'-* "to construct," so the badger would have been named after its digging of [setts](/source/Sett) (tunnels); the Germanic term **þahsuz* became *taxus* or *taxō*, -*ōnis* in [Latin](/source/Latin) [glosses](/source/Gloss_(annotation)), replacing *mēlēs* ("[marten](/source/Marten)" or "badger"),[8] and from these words the common [Romance](/source/Romance_languages) terms for the animal evolved ([Italian](/source/Italian_language) *tasso*, [French](/source/French_language) *taisson*—*blaireau* is now more common—[Catalan](/source/Catalan_language) *toixó*, [Spanish](/source/Spanish_language) *tejón*, [Portuguese](/source/Portuguese_language) *texugo*).[9]

A male European badger is a boar, a female is a sow, and a young badger is a cub. However, in North America the young are usually called kits, while the terms male and female are generally used for adults. A collective name suggested for a group of colonial badgers is a cete,[10] but badger colonies are more often called clans. A badger's home is called a sett.[11]

## Classification

See also: [List of mustelids](/source/List_of_mustelids)

The following list shows where the various species with the common name of badger are placed in the Mustelidae and Mephitidae classifications. The list is [polyphyletic](/source/Polyphyletic) and the species commonly called badgers do not form a valid [clade](/source/Clade).[12]

- **Family [Mustelidae](/source/Mustelidae)** - **Subfamily Melinae**[13][14][1] - **Genus *[Arctonyx](/source/Arctonyx)*** - [Northern hog badger](/source/Northern_hog_badger), *Arctonyx albogularis* - [Greater hog badger](/source/Greater_hog_badger), *Arctonyx collaris* - [Sumatran hog badger](/source/Sumatran_hog_badger), *Arctonyx hoevenii* - **Genus *[Meles](/source/Meles_(genus))*** - [Japanese badger](/source/Japanese_badger), *Meles anakuma* - [Asian badger](/source/Asian_badger), *Meles leucurus* - [European badger](/source/European_badger), *Meles meles* - [Caucasian badger](/source/Caucasian_badger), *Meles canescens* - **Subfamily [Helictidinae](/source/Helictidinae)**[13][14][1] - **Genus *[Melogale](/source/Melogale)*** - [Burmese ferret-badger](/source/Burmese_ferret-badger), *Melogale personata* - [Javan ferret-badger](/source/Javan_ferret-badger), *Melogale orientalis* - [Chinese ferret-badger](/source/Chinese_ferret-badger), *Melogale moschata* - [Formosan ferret-badger](/source/Formosan_ferret-badger), *Melogale subaurantiaca* - [Bornean ferret-badger](/source/Bornean_ferret-badger), *Melogale everetti* - [Vietnam ferret-badger](/source/Vietnam_ferret-badger), *Melogale cucphuongensis* - **Subfamily [Mellivorinae](/source/Mellivorinae)** - [Honey badger](/source/Honey_badger), *Mellivora capensis* - **Subfamily [Taxidiinae](/source/Taxidiinae)**: - †*[Chamitataxus avitus](/source/Chamitataxus_avitus)* - †*Pliotaxidea nevadensis* - †*Pliotaxidea garberi* - [American badger](/source/American_badger), *Taxidea taxus*

- **Family [Mephitidae](/source/Mephitidae)** - **Subfamily [Mydainae](/source/Mydainae)** - **Genus *[Mydaus](/source/Mydaus)*** - Indonesian or [Sunda stink badger](/source/Sunda_stink_badger) (*teledu*), *Mydaus javanensis* - [Palawan stink badger](/source/Palawan_stink_badger), *Mydaus marchei*

## Distribution

Badgers are found in much of [North America](/source/North_America), [Great Britain](/source/Great_Britain),[15] [Ireland](/source/Ireland) and most of the rest of Europe as far north as southern [Scandinavia](/source/Scandinavia).[16] They live as far east as [Japan](/source/Japan), [Korea](/source/Korea) and [China](/source/China). The Javan ferret-badger lives in [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia),[17] and the Bornean ferret-badger lives in [Malaysia](/source/Malaysia).[18] The honey badger is found in most of [sub-Saharan Africa](/source/Sub-Saharan_Africa), the [Arabian Desert](/source/Arabian_Desert), southern [Levant](/source/Levant), [Turkmenistan](/source/Turkmenistan), [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan) and [India](/source/India).[19]

A [Japanese badger](/source/Japanese_badger) walking around, 2016

## Behaviour

This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding missing information. (August 2016)

The behaviour of badgers differs by family, but all shelter underground, living in burrows called [setts](/source/Sett), which may be very extensive. Some are solitary, moving from home to home, while others are known to form clans called cetes. [Cete size](/source/Group_size_measures) is variable from two to 15.

Badgers can run or [gallop](/source/Gait) at 25–30 km/h (16–19 mph) for short periods of time. Some species, notably the [honey badger](/source/Honey_badger), can climb well. In March 2024, scientists released footage of a wild [Asian badger](/source/Asian_badger) climbing a tree to a height of 2.5 m in South Korea.[20] Badgers are [nocturnal](/source/Nocturnality).[21]

In North America, [coyotes](/source/Coyote) sometimes eat badgers and vice versa, but the majority of their interactions seem to be mutual or neutral.[22] American badgers and coyotes have been seen hunting together in a cooperative fashion.[23]

## Diet

The diet of the Eurasian badger consists largely of [earthworms](/source/Earthworm) (especially *[Lumbricus terrestris](/source/Lumbricus_terrestris)*),[24] [insects](/source/Insect), [grubs](/source/Larva), and the eggs and young of ground-nesting [birds](/source/Bird). They also eat small [mammals](/source/Mammal), [amphibians](/source/Amphibian), [reptiles](/source/Reptile) and [birds](/source/Bird), as well as [roots](/source/Root) and [fruit](/source/Fruit).[25] They are occasional predators of domestic chickens,[26] and are able to break into enclosures that a fox cannot. In southern Spain, badgers feed to a significant degree on rabbits.[27]

American badgers are [fossorial](/source/Fossorial) [carnivores](/source/Carnivore) – i.e. they catch a significant proportion of their food underground, by digging. They can tunnel after ground-dwelling rodents at speed.

The honey badger of Africa consumes [honey](/source/Honey), [porcupines](/source/Porcupines), and even venomous [snakes](/source/Snake) (such as the [puff adder](/source/Bitis_arietans)); they climb trees to gain access to honey from bees' nests.

Badgers have been known to become intoxicated with [alcohol](/source/Ethanol) after eating rotting fruit.[28]

## Relation with humans

### Hunting

Main article: [Badger-baiting](/source/Badger-baiting)

Hunting badgers for sport has been common in many countries. The [Dachshund](/source/Dachshund) (German for "badger hound") [dog breed](/source/Dog_breed) was bred for this purpose. [Badger-baiting](/source/Badger-baiting) was formerly a popular [blood sport](/source/Blood_sport).[29] Although badgers are normally quite docile, they fight fiercely when cornered. This led people to capture and box badgers and then wager on whether a dog could succeed in removing the badger from its refuge.[30] In England, opposition from naturalists led to its ban under the [Cruelty to Animals Act 1835](/source/Cruelty_to_Animals_Act_1835) and the [Protection of Badgers Act 1992](/source/Protection_of_Badgers_Act_1992) (c. 51)[31] made it an offence to kill, injure, or take a badger or to interfere with a sett unless under license from a [statutory authority](/source/Statutory_authority). The [Hunting Act 2004](/source/Hunting_Act_2004) further banned [fox hunters](/source/Fox_hunt) from blocking setts during their chases.

Badger pelts

Badgers have been trapped commercially for their pelts, which have been used for centuries to make [shaving brushes](/source/Shaving_brush),[29][30] a purpose to which it is particularly suited owing to its high water retention. Virtually all commercially available badger hair now comes from [mainland China](/source/Mainland_China), though, which has farms for the purpose. The Chinese supply three grades of hair to domestic and foreign brush makers.[32] Village cooperatives are also licensed by the national government to hunt and process badgers to avoid their becoming a crop nuisance in rural northern China. The European badger is also used as trim for some traditional [Scottish clothing](/source/Scottish_dress). The American badger is also used for [paintbrushes](/source/Paintbrush)[29] and as trim for some [Native American](/source/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) garments.[33]

### Culling

Further information on Badgers and bovine tuberculosis: [Eurasian badger](/source/Eurasian_badger)

Badger protesting outside the Home Office.

Controlling the badger population is prohibited in many European countries since badgers are listed in the [Berne Convention](/source/Convention_on_the_conservation_of_European_wildlife_and_natural_habitats), but they are not otherwise the subject of any international treaty or legislation. Many badgers in Europe were gassed during the 1960s and 1970s to control [rabies](/source/Rabies).[34]

Until the 1980s, [badger culling in the United Kingdom](/source/Badger_culling_in_the_United_Kingdom) was undertaken in the form of gassing, allegedly to control the spread of [bovine tuberculosis](/source/Tuberculosis#Other_animals) (bTB). Limited culling resumed in 1998 as part of a 10-year randomised trial cull, which was considered by [John Krebs](/source/John_Krebs) and others to show that culling was ineffective. Some groups called for a selective cull,[35] whilst others favoured a programme of vaccination. As of 2013[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badger&action=edit) Wales and Northern Ireland are currently conducting field trials of a badger vaccination programme.[36] In 2012 the government authorised a limited cull[37] led by the [Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs](/source/Department_for_Environment%2C_Food_and_Rural_Affairs). However it was later deferred and a wide range of reasons given.[38] In August 2013 a full culling programme began, whereby it was expected that about 5,000 badgers would be killed over six weeks in West [Somerset](/source/Somerset) and [Gloucestershire](/source/Gloucestershire) using a mixture of controlled shooting and free shooting (some badgers were to be trapped in cages first). The cull caused many protests, with emotional, economic and scientific reasons being cited. The badger is considered an iconic species of the British countryside and it has been claimed by [shadow ministers](/source/Shadow_Cabinet) that "The government's own figures show it will cost more than it saves...", and Lord Krebs, who led the Randomised Badger Culling Trial in the 1990s, said the two pilots "will not yield any useful information".[36]

### Badger gates

Badger gate

When protecting woodlands from deer and rabbit, installing fences in badger territory can be problematic. Because badgers are persistent and strong, if fences are placed across their "runs"—established foraging and travel paths—they may well dig through or under, damaging the fence and leaving openings that rabbits can get through. Ideally, badger runs should be identified before fence construction begins. The gateways are constructed in stages over time to ensure that badgers are using the manmade openings instead of damaging the new fence: starting with leaving a cut opening in the fence at ground level, later laying a floor (threshold), later still framing the opening, and eventually hanging a small free-swinging door that is heavy enough that rabbits don't seem to learn how to push them open. The recommended door size is 18 by 25 cm and weighs about 1.1 kg.[39][40]

With a special license, badger fencing and one-way gates may be installed to exclude resident badgers from an area being developed.[11]

### Traditional medicine

Badgers have been used in traditional medicine in Europe, Asia and Africa.[41]

### Food

Although rarely eaten today in the United States or the United Kingdom,[42] badgers were once a primary meat source for the diets of Native Americans and European colonists.[43][44][45][46][47] Badgers were also eaten in Britain during [World War II](/source/World_War_II) and the 1950s.[44] In some areas of Russia, the consumption of badger meat is still widespread.[48] [Shish kebabs](/source/Shish_kebab) made from badger, along with dog meat and pork, are a major source of [trichinosis](/source/Trichinosis) outbreaks in the [Altai Region](/source/Altai_Region) of Russia.[48] In [Croatia](/source/Croatia) badger meat is rarely eaten, but when it is, it is usually smoked, dried, or served in [goulash](/source/Goulash).[49] In France, badger meat was used in the preparation of several dishes, such as *Blaireau au sang*, and it was a relatively common ingredient in countryside cuisine.[50] Badger meat was eaten in some parts of Spain until recently.[*[when?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items)*][51]

### Pets

Badgers are sometimes kept as pets.[52][53] Keeping a badger as a pet or offering one for sale is an offence in the United Kingdom under the 1992 Protection of Badgers Act.[54]

## In popular culture

Badger, [Ratty](/source/European_water_vole), [Mole](/source/Mole_(animal)), and [Mr. Toad](/source/Mr._Toad) from the 1913 edition of [Kenneth Grahame](/source/Kenneth_Grahame)'s 1908 novel *[The Wind in the Willows](/source/The_Wind_in_the_Willows)*

Main article: [List of fictional badgers](/source/List_of_fictional_badgers)

Medieval European [bestiaries](/source/Bestiaries) described badgers as working together to dig holes under mountains. They were said to lie down at the entrance of the hole holding a stick in their mouths, while other badgers piled dirt on their bellies. Two badgers would then take hold of the stick in the badger's mouth, and drag the animal loaded with dirt away, in the fashion of a wagon.[55] The moralizing component of bestiaries often took precedence over their function as natural history texts, and this description of badgers was likely understood as an allegory.[56]

In German-speaking areas of Europe, badgers were traditionally used to predict the length of [winter](/source/Winter). This became the North American tradition of [Groundhog Day](/source/Groundhog_Day).[57]

The 19th-century poem "The Badger" by [John Clare](/source/John_Clare) describes a badger hunt and [badger-baiting](/source/Badger-baiting).

Many modern works of literature feature badger characters. Some of the most notable are [Kenneth Grahame](/source/Kenneth_Grahame)'s children's novel *[The Wind in the Willows](/source/The_Wind_in_the_Willows)* (1908), [Beatrix Potter](/source/Beatrix_Potter)'s *[The Tale of Mr. Tod](/source/The_Tale_of_Mr._Tod)* (1912), [T. H. White](/source/T._H._White)'s *[The Once and Future King](/source/The_Once_and_Future_King)* (1958, written 1938–41), *[Fantastic Mr. Fox](/source/Fantastic_Mr._Fox)* (1970) by [Roald Dahl](/source/Roald_Dahl), [Richard Adams](/source/Richard_Adams)'s *[Watership Down](/source/Watership_Down)* (1972), and [Brian Jacques](/source/Brian_Jacques)' *[Redwall](/source/Redwall)* series (1986–2011).

Badgers also feature in visual media. A [Flash Video](/source/Flash_Video) called *[Badgers](/source/Badgers_(animation))* went [viral](/source/Viral_video) in the early years of [YouTube](/source/YouTube). The 2013 [PC](/source/Personal_computer) video game *[Shelter](/source/Shelter_(video_game))* has the player control a mother badger protecting her cubs.[58]

The badger is the state animal of the U.S. state of [Wisconsin](/source/Wisconsin),[59] and [Bucky Badger](/source/Bucky_Badger) is the mascot of the [University of Wisconsin–Madison](/source/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison). The badger also serves as the mascot of [Brock University](/source/Brock_University) in Ontario, Canada; [The University of Sussex](/source/The_University_of_Sussex) and [St Aidan's College](/source/St_Aidan's_College%2C_Durham), both in [England](/source/England); and of the Hufflepuff house of [Hogwarts](/source/Hogwarts) in the fictional *[Harry Potter](/source/Harry_Potter)* franchise.

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Law-2018_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Law-2018_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Law-2018_1-2) Law, C. J.; Slater, G. J.; Mehta, R. S. (1 January 2018). ["Lineage Diversity and Size Disparity in Musteloidea: Testing Patterns of Adaptive Radiation Using Molecular and Fossil-Based Methods"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsysbio%2Fsyx047). *[Systematic Biology](/source/Systematic_Biology)*. **67** (1): 127–144. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/sysbio/syx047](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsysbio%2Fsyx047). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28472434](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28472434).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Goswami2010_2-0)** Goswami, Anjali & Friscia, Anthony (2010). [*Carnivoran Evolution: New Views on Phylogeny, Form and Function*](https://books.google.com/books?id=HPw0C2i8QXkC&pg=PA30). Cambridge University Press. p. 30. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-73586-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-73586-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Chisholm_1911,_p._188_3-0)** One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain): [Chisholm, Hugh](/source/Hugh_Chisholm), ed. (1911), "[Badger](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Badger)", *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition)*, vol. 3 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 188

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Badger Pages: Photos of and facts about the badgers of the world"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120205092802/http://www.badgers.org.uk/badgerpages/). Badgers.org.uk. Archived from [the original](http://www.badgers.org.uk/badgerpages/) on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [C. T. Onions](/source/Charles_Talbut_Onions), ed., *[The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology](/source/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_English_Etymology)* (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1966), 68.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-OED_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-OED_6-1) Weiner, E. S. C.; Simpson, J. R. (1989). [*The Oxford English Dictionary*](https://web.archive.org/web/20060625103623/http://dictionary.oed.com/). Oxford: Clarendon Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-861186-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861186-8). Archived from [the original](http://dictionary.oed.com/) on 25 June 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** *The American Heritage Dictionary*, 4th edn., s.v. "badger" (Houghton Mifflin, 2001).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Ernout, Alfred; [Meillet, Antoine](/source/Antoine_Meillet) (1979) [1932]. *Dictionnaire étimologique de la langue latine* (in French) (4 ed.). Paris: Klincksieck.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Devoto, Giacomo](/source/Giacomo_Devoto) (1989) [1979]. *Avviamento all'etimologia italiana* (in Italian) (6 ed.). Milano: Mondadori.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [Hints and Things: collective nouns](http://www.hintsandthings.co.uk/kennel/collectives.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130726211851/http://www.hintsandthings.co.uk/kennel/collectives.htm) 26 July 2013 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved 28 June 2010.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-development_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-development_11-1) ["Scotland's Wildlife: Badgers and Development"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104416/http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/wildlife/badger.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/wildlife/badger.pdf) (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Explore the Database"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201028140029/https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html). *www.mammaldiversity.org*. Archived from [the original](https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html) on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Koepfli2008_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Koepfli2008_13-1) Koepfli, K.-P.; Deere, K.A.; Slater, G.J.; Begg, C.; Begg, K.; Grassman, L.; Lucherini, M.; Veron, G.; Wayne, R.K. (February 2008). ["Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2276185). *BMC Biology*. **6** 10. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/1741-7007-6-10](https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1741-7007-6-10). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [2276185](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2276185). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [18275614](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18275614).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Yu2011_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Yu2011_14-1) Yu, L.; Peng, D.; Liu, J.; Luan, P.; Liang, L.; Lee, H.; Lee, M.; Ryder, O.A.; Zhang, Y. (2011). ["On the phylogeny of Mustelidae subfamilies: analysis of seventeen nuclear non-coding loci and mitochondrial complete genomes"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088541). *BMC Evol Biol*. **11** (1): 92. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011BMCEE..11...92Y](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BMCEE..11...92Y). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/1471-2148-11-92](https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-11-92). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3088541](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088541). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [21477367](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21477367).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["Forums"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130525060437/http://www.rivercottage.net/forum/ask/poultry/10984anyone-had-problems-with-badgers/). River Cottage. Archived from [the original](http://www.rivercottage.net/forum/ask/poultry/10984anyone-had-problems-with-badgers/) on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Fedriani, J.M.; Ferreras, P. & Delibes, M. (1998). ["Dietary response of the Eurasian badger, *Meles meles*, to a decline of its main prey in the Doñana National Park"](https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/59857/1/journal%20of%20zool.pdf) (PDF). *Journal of Zoology*. **245** (2): 214–218. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00092.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1998.tb00092.x). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[10261/50745](https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F50745).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-1992act_31-0)** UK Government. ["Protection of Badgers Act 1992"](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/51/contents). Retrieved 7 October 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Bristle Styles and Additional Information"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080604094214/http://www.emsplace.com/bristle_types_and_bloom.htm). Em's Place. Archived from [the original](http://www.emsplace.com/bristle_types_and_bloom.htm) on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2013.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** [The European badger (*Meles meles*)](http://www.badger.org.uk/_Attachments/Resources/283_S4.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120901125204/http://www.badger.org.uk/_Attachments/Resources/283_S4.pdf) 1 September 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine). badger.org.uk

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-BBC2013_36-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-BBC2013_36-1) ["Badger cull begins in Somerset in attempt to tackle TB"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-23845851). BBC. 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** Carrington, D. (23 October 2012). ["Badger cull postponed until 2013"](https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/oct/23/badger-cull-postponed-2013). *The Guardian*. Retrieved 30 August 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** Wilson, Charles J; Symes, Roger G. ["The Management of Problems Involving Badgers (Meles meles)"](https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=99cacb85b893c68e76c5c345d3d843cb1b8e1cd4). [Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom)](/source/Ministry_of_Agriculture%2C_Fisheries_and_Food_(United_Kingdom)) – via PennState.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** Rowe, Judith J (1976). ["Badger Gates (FC Leaflet 68)"](https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/publications/archive-badger-gates-fc-leaflet-68-1976/). [Forestry Commission](/source/Forestry_Commission).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** Elves-Powell, Joshua; Neo, Xavier; Park, Sehee; Woodroffe, Rosie; Lee, Hang; Axmacher, Jan C.; Durant, Sarah M. (2023). ["A preliminary assessment of the wildlife trade in badgers (Meles leucurus and Arctonyx spp.) (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in South Korea"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.japb.2023.03.004). *Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity*. **16** (2): 204–214. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.japb.2023.03.004](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.japb.2023.03.004).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Wonderland: The Man Who Eats Badgers and Other Strange Tales – TV pick of the day for January 23rd, 2008"](http://library.digiguide.com/lib/uk-tv-highlight/Wonderland:+The+Man+Who+Eats+Badgers+and+Other+Strange+Tales-2425/Documentary/). Library.digiguide.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090412031658/http://library.digiguide.com/lib/uk-tv-highlight/Wonderland%3A%2BThe%2BMan%2BWho%2BEats%2BBadgers%2Band%2BOther%2BStrange%2BTales-2425/Documentary/) from the original on 12 April 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** ["Primary Source documents"](https://web.archive.org/web/20081227052054/http://www.bcheritage.ca/cariboo/primary/mcmick.htm). Bcheritage.ca. Archived from [the original](http://www.bcheritage.ca/cariboo/primary/mcmick.htm) on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2009.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-globalchefs1_44-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-globalchefs1_44-1) ["How To Bake A Badger"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070715183303/http://www.globalchefs.com/article/current/art123bak.htm). Globalchefs.com. Archived from [the original](http://www.globalchefs.com/article/current/art123bak.htm) on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** ["Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001–2004)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090219205737/http://trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm). Trichinella.org. Archived from [the original](http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm) on 19 February 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** Konjević, Dean (1 February 2005). ["Sweet delicacy from hunter's kitchen - badger (Melles melles L.)"](http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=35552&lang=en). *Meso: The First Croatian Meat Journal*. **VII** (1). Zagreb, Croatia: Zadružna štampa d.d.: 46–49. Retrieved 25 April 2009 – via [Hrčak](/source/Hr%C4%8Dak).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-vetarhiv2006_47-0)** Florijančić, Tihomir; Marinculić, Albert; Antunović, Boris & Bošković, Ivica (2006). ["A survey of the current status of sylvatic trichinellosis in the Republic of Croatia"](http://www.vef.hr/vetarhiv/papers/2006-76-7-2.pdf) (PDF). *Veterinarski Arhiv*. **76** (7): S1–S8.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-trich_48-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-trich_48-1) ["Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001–2005) – Russia"](https://web.archive.org/web/20081226233944/http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm). www.trichinella.org. Archived from [the original](http://www.trichinella.org/epidemiology/epid_russia.htm) on 26 December 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-49)** Konjević, Dean (15 February 2005). ["Sweet delicacy from hunter's kitchen – badger (*Melles melles* L.) Abstract"](http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=35552&lang=en). *Meso: The First Croatian Meat Journal*. **VII** (1): 46–49. Retrieved 11 October 2008 – via [Hrčak](/source/Hr%C4%8Dak) - Portal of scientific journals of Croatia.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** Molinier, Annie; Molinier, Jean-Claude; d'Hauterives, Benoît Lumeau. (2004). [*Les cuisines oubliées*](https://web.archive.org/web/20081207125339/http://www.gastronomydomine.com/2006/06/badger-stew.html). Illinois: Editions Sud Ouest. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-2-87901-549-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87901-549-1). Archived from [the original](http://www.gastronomydomine.com/2006/06/badger-stew.html) on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-51)** ["Badgers in Spain"](http://www.iberianature.com/mammals/other-carnivores/badgers-in-spain/). IberiaNature. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20081204121338/http://www.iberianature.com/mammals/other-carnivores/badgers-in-spain/) from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-52)** Hubbard, Fran (1985). *Animal Friends of the Southwest*. USA: Awani Press. p. 29. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-915266-07-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-915266-07-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-53)** Packham, Chris (27 August 2013). ["Chris Packham: like Owen Paterson, I had pet badgers. But their real place was in the wild"](https://www.theguardian.com/environment/shortcuts/2013/aug/27/chris-packham-pet-badgers-owen-paterson). *The Guardian*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0261-3077](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). Retrieved 28 July 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-54)** ["Protection-of-Badgers Act 1992, Section 4"](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/51/section/4). *legislation.gov.uk*. 29 June 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-55)** ["Medieval Bestiary: Badger"](http://bestiary.ca/beasts/beast4721.htm). *bestiary.ca*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-56)** Schrader, L. (1986). [", *A Medieval Bestiary*](https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/A_Medieval_Bestiary_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_Bulletin_v_44_no_1_Summer_1986?Tag=&title=medieval&author=&pt=0&tc=0&dept=0&fmt=0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-57)** Yoder, Don (2003) *Groundhog Day*. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8117-0029-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8117-0029-1)

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-59)** [EEK! – Critter Corner – The Badger](http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/mammal/badger.htm). Dnr.wi.gov. Retrieved on 7 November 2011.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Badgers](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Badgers).

[Wikispecies](/source/Wikispecies) has information related to ***[melinae](https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/melinae)***.

- [Badgerland – The Definitive On-Line Guide to Badgers in the UK](http://www.badgerland.co.uk/)

- [Durham County Badger Group](http://durhambadgers.org.uk/page.php?pageid=1) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20121002054415/http://durhambadgers.org.uk/page.php?pageid=1) 2 October 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- [WildlifeOnline – Natural History of Badgers](http://www.wildlifeonline.me.uk/european_badger.html)

- [Badger Facts](https://web.archive.org/web/20090106012741/http://www.wildlife-web.org.uk/badger/facts)

- [www.ontariobadgers.org – Information about American Badgers](http://www.ontariobadgers.org/)

- [Local dutch badger group](http://www.dassenwerkgroepbrabant.nl/pages/frontpagepag.html)

- [Badger-Coyote Associations](http://www.ecology.info/badger-coyote.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120919205605/http://ecology.info/badger-coyote.htm) 19 September 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- [YouTube video of examples of Badger scratching trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ej3IGboQcIg)

- Texts on Wikisource: - ["Badger"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Badger). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica)*. Vol. III (9th ed.). 1878. p. 227. - "[Badger](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Badger)". *[The American Cyclopædia](/source/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia)*. 1879. - "[The Badger and the Fox](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_38/April_1891/The_Badger_and_the_Fox)". *[Popular Science Monthly](/source/Popular_Science_Monthly)*. Vol. 38. April 1891. Reprinted from *[Cornhill Magazine](/source/Cornhill_Magazine)*.

v t e Extant Carnivora species Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Infraclass: Eutheria Superorder: Laurasiatheria Feliformia ("cat-like" carnivorans) Feliformia African palm civet (Nandinia binotata) Feloidea Prionodon (Asiatic linsangs) Banded linsang (P. linsang) Spotted linsang (P. pardicolor) Felidae (cats) Pantherinae Neofelis Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi) Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa) Panthera Snow leopard (P. uncia) Tiger (P. tigris) Jaguar (P. onca) Lion (P. leo) Leopard (P. pardus) Felinae sensu stricto Bay cat lineage Pardofelis Marbled cat (P. marmorata) Catopuma Bay cat (C. badia) Asian golden cat (C. temminckii) Caracal lineage Serval (Leptailurus serval) Caracal African golden cat (C. aurata) Caracal (C. caracal) Leopardus Pampas cat (L. colocola) Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi) Kodkod (L. guigna) Southern tiger cat (L. guttulus) Andean mountain cat (L. jacobita) Ocelot (L. pardalis) Clouded tiger cat (L. pardinoides) Oncilla (L. tigrinus) Margay (L. wiedii) Lynx Canada lynx (L. canadensis) Eurasian lynx (L. lynx) Iberian lynx (L. pardinus) Bobcat (L. rufus) Puma lineage Acinonyx Cheetah (A. jubatus) Jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) Puma Cougar (P. concolor) Leopard cat lineage Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul) Prionailurus Leopard cat (P. bengalensis) Sunda leopard cat (P. javanensis) Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps) Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus) Fishing cat (P. viverrinus) Felis Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti) Domestic cat (F. catus) Jungle cat (F. chaus) African wildcat (F. lybica) Sand cat (F. margarita) Black-footed cat (F. nigripes) European wildcat (F. silvestris) Viverroidea see below↓ Viverroidea Viverridae Palm civets Hemigalinae Owston's palm civet (Chrotogale owstoni) Otter civet (Cynogale bennettii) Hose's palm civet (Diplogale hosei) Banded palm civet (Hemigalus derbyanus) Paradoxurinae Binturong (Arctictis binturong) Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) Sulawesi palm civet (Macrogalidia musschenbroekii) Masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) Paradoxurus Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus) Brown palm civet (P. jerdoni) Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis) Viverrinae sensu lato Viverrinae sensu stricto Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) African civet (Civettictis civetta) Viverra Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina) Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila) Malayan civet (V. tangalunga) Large Indian civet (V. zibetha) Genettinae Poiana (African linsangs) Central African oyan (P. richardsonii) West African oyan (P. leightoni) Genetta (genets) Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica) Angolan genet (G. angolensis) Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni) Crested servaline genet (G. cristata) South African small-spotted genet (G. felina) Common genet (G. genetta) Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni) Letaba genet (G. letabae) Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata) Pardine genet (G. pardina) Aquatic genet (G. piscivora) King genet (G. poensis) Schouteden's genet (G. schoutedeni) Servaline genet (G. servalina) Hausa genet (G. thierryi) Cape genet (G. tigrina) Giant forest genet (G. victoriae) Herpestoidea see below↓ Herpestoidea Hyaenidae (hyenas) Proteles Aardwolf (P. cristata) Hyaeninae (bone-crushing hyenas) Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) Brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) Crocuta Spotted hyena (C. crocuta) Herpestidae sensu lato Eupleridae (Malagasy carnivorans) Euplerinae (Malagasy civets) Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) Malagasy civet (Fossa fossana) Eupleres (falanoucs) Eastern falanouc (E. goudotii) Western falanouc (E. major) Galidiinae (vontsira) Ring-tailed vontsira (Galidia elegans) Galidictis Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (G. fasciata) Grandidier's mongoose (G. grandidieri) Narrow-striped mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata) Salanoia Brown-tailed mongoose (S. concolor) Durrell's vontsira (S. durrelli) Herpestidae sensu stricto (mongooses) Mungotinae Suricata Meerkat (S. suricatta) Liberian mongoose (Liberiictus kuhni) Mungos Gambian mongoose (M. gambianus) Banded mongoose (M. mungo) Pousargues's mongoose (Dologale dybowskii) Helogale Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (H. hirtula) Common dwarf mongoose (H. parvula) Crossarchus (kusimanses) Alexander's kusimanse (C. alexandri) Angolan kusimanse (C. ansorgei) Common kusimanse (C. obscurus) Flat-headed kusimanse (C. platycephalus) Herpestinae Marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus) Long-nosed mongoose (Xenogale naso) Urva (Asian mongooses) Small Indian mongoose (U. auropunctata) Short-tailed mongoose (U. brachyura) Indian grey mongoose (U. edwardsii) Indian brown mongoose (U. fusca) Javan mongoose (U. javanica) Collared mongoose (U. semitorquata) Ruddy mongoose (U. smithii) Crab-eating mongoose (U. urva) Stripe-necked mongoose (U. vitticolla) White-tailed mongoose (Ichneumia albicauda) Yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata) Selous's mongoose (Paracynictis selousi) Meller's mongoose (Rhynchogale melleri) Bdeogale Bushy-tailed mongoose (B. crassicauda) Jackson's mongoose (B. jacksoni) Black-footed mongoose (B. nigripes) Herpestes (slender mongooses) Angolan slender mongoose (H. flavescens) Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon) Somalian slender mongoose (H. ochracea) Cape gray mongoose (H. pulverulenta) Common slender mongoose (H. sanguinea) Caniformia ("dog-like" carnivorans) Canidae (dogs) Urocyon Gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus) Island fox (U. littoralis) Vulpini Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) Nyctereutes (raccoon dogs) Common raccoon dog (N. procyonoides) Japanese raccoon dog (N. viverrinus) Vulpes (true foxes) Bengal fox (V. bengalensis) Blanford's fox (V. cana) Cape fox (V. chama) Corsac fox (V. corsac) Tibetan fox (V. ferrilata) Arctic fox (V. lagopus) Kit fox (V. macrotis) Pale fox (V. pallida) Rüppell's fox (V. rueppelli) Swift fox (V. velox) Red fox (V. vulpes) Fennec fox (V. zerda) Canini (true dogs) Cerdocyonina (zorro) Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) Speothos Bush dog (S. venaticus) Short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis) Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) Lycalopex (South American foxes) Culpeo (L. culpaeus) Darwin's fox (L. fulvipes) South American gray fox (L. griseus) Pampas fox (L. gymnocercus) Sechuran fox (L. sechurae) Hoary fox (L. vetulus) Canina (wolf-like canids) Lupulella Side-striped jackal (L. adustus) Black-backed jackal (L. mesomelas) Lycaon African wild dog (L. pictus) Dhole (Cuon alpinus) Canis Golden jackal (C. aureus) Domestic dog (C. familiaris) Coyote (C. latrans) African wolf (C. lupaster) Wolf (C. lupus) Eastern wolf (C. lycaon) Red wolf (C. rufus) Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis) Arctoidea Ursidae (bears) Ailuropoda Giant panda (A. melanoleuca) Tremarctos Spectacled bear (T. ornatus) Ursinae Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) Ursus American black bear (U. americanus) Asian black bear (U. thibetanus) Brown bear (U. arctos) Polar bear (U. maritimus) Mustelida Pinnipedia (seals) see below↓ Musteloidea see below↓ Pinnipedia (seals) Odobenidae Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) Otariidae (eared seals) Callorhinus (northern fur seals) Northern fur seal (C. ursinus) Otariinae (sea lions) Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Zalophus California sea lion (Z. californianus) Galápagos sea lion (Z. wollebaeki) South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) Neophoca Australian sea lion (N. cinerea) New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) Arctocephalus (southern fur seals) South American fur seal (A. australis) Australasian fur seal (A. forsteri) Galápagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis) Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella) Juan Fernández fur seal (A. philippii) Brown fur seal (A. pusillus) Guadalupe fur seal (A. townsendi) Subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis) Phocidae (earless seals or true seals) Phocinae ("northern seals") Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) Hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) Phocini Harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata) Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) Phoca Spotted seal (P. largha) Harbor seal (P. vitulina) Pusa Caspian seal (P. caspica) Ringed seal (P. hispida) Baikal seal (P. sibirica) Monachinae ("southern seals") Monachini (monk seals) Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) Neomonachus Hawaiian monk seal (N. schauinslandi) Mirounga (elephant seals) Northern elephant seal (M. angustirostris) Southern elephant seal (M. leonina) Lobodontini (Antarctic seals) Leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) Crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga) Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossi) Musteloidea Ailuridae Red panda (Ailurus fulgens) Mephitidae (skunks) Conepatus (hog-nosed skunks) Molina's hog-nosed skunk (C. chinga) Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (C. humboldtii) American hog-nosed skunk (C. leuconotus) Striped hog-nosed skunk (C. semistriatus) Mephitis Hooded skunk (M. macroura) Striped skunk (M. mephitis) Mydaus (stink badgers) Sunda stink badger (M. javanensis) Palawan stink badger (M. marchei) Spilogale (spotted skunks) Southern spotted skunk (S. angustifrons) Western spotted skunk (S. gracilis) Eastern spotted skunk (S. putorius) Pygmy spotted skunk (S. pygmaea) Procyonidae Kinkajou (Potos flavus) Bassariscus Ringtail (B. astutus) Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti) Procyon (raccoons) Crab-eating raccoon (P. cancrivorus) Raccoon (P. lotor) Cozumel raccoon (P. pygmaeus) Bassaricyon (olingos) Eastern lowland olingo (B. alleni) Northern olingo (B. gabbii) Western lowland olingo (B. medius) Olinguito (B. neblina) Nasuina (coatis) Nasua White-nosed coati (N. narica) South American coati (N. nasua) Nasuella (mountain coatis) Eastern mountain coati (N. meridensis) Western mountain coati (N. olivacea) Mustelidae see below↓ Mustelidae Mustelidae American badger (Taxidea taxus) Mellivora Honey badger (M. capensis) Melinae Arctonyx (hog badgers) Northern hog badger (A. albogularis) Greater hog badger (A. collaris) Sumatran hog badger (A. hoevenii) Meles (Eurasian badgers) Japanese badger (M. anakuma) Caucasian badger (M. canescens) Asian badger (M. leucurus) European badger (M. meles) Melogale (ferret-badgers) Vietnam ferret-badger (M. cucphuongensis) Bornean ferret badger (M. everetti) Chinese ferret-badger (M. moschata) Javan ferret-badger (M. orientalis) Burmese ferret-badger (M. personata) Formosan ferret-badger (M. subaurantiaca) Guloninae Tayra (Eira barbara) Pekania Fisher (P. pennanti) Gulo Wolverine (G. gulo) Martes (martens) American marten (M. americana) Pacific marten (M. caurina) Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula) Beech marten (M. foina) Nilgiri marten (M. gwatkinsii) European pine marten (M. martes) Japanese marten (M. melampus) Sable (M. zibellina) Ictonychinae Lyncodontini Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) Galictis (grisons) Lesser grison (G. cuja) Greater grison (G. vittata) Ictonychini (African polecats) Vormela Marbled polecat (V. peregusna) African striped weasel (Poecilogale albinucha) Ictonyx Saharan striped polecat (I. libycus) Striped polecat (I. striatus) Lutrinae (otters) Giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) Lontra North American river otter (L. canadensis) Marine otter (L. felina) Neotropical otter (L. longicaudis) Southern river otter (L. provocax) Enhydra Sea otter (E. lutris) Spotted-necked otter (Hydrictis maculicollis) Lutra Eurasian otter (L. lutra) Hairy-nosed otter (L. sumatrana) Lutrogale Smooth-coated otter (L. perspicillata) Aonyx African clawless otter (A. capensis) Asian small-clawed otter (A. cinereus) Congo clawless otter (A. congicus) Mustelinae Neogale (New World weasels) Amazon weasel (N. africana) Colombian weasel (N. felipei) Long-tailed weasel (N. frenata) American mink (N. vison) Mustela (weasels) subgenus Mustela (paraphyletic) Sichuan weasel (M. aistoodonnivalis) Mountain weasel (M. altaica) Stoat/Beringian ermine (M. erminea) Haida ermine (M. haidarum) Yellow-bellied weasel (M. kathiah) Least weasel (M. nivalis) American ermine (M. richardsonii) subgenus Lutreola (paraphyletic) Japanese weasel (M. itatsi) European mink (M. lutreola) Indonesian mountain weasel (M. lutreolina) Malayan weasel (M. nudipes) Siberian weasel (M. sibirica) Back-striped weasel (M. strigidorsa) subgenus Putorius Steppe polecat (M. eversmannii) Ferret (M. furo) Black-footed ferret (M. nigripes) European polecat (M. putorius) See also: Mink Polecat

Authority control databases: National Czech Republic

[Portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals):
- [Mammals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mammals)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Badger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badger) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badger?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.