# Backhousia

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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Backhousia citriodora.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Backhousia citriodora](/source/Backhousia_citriodora)'' foliage and flowers
| display_parents = 2
| parent_authority =
| taxon = Backhousia
| authority = [Hook.](/source/William_Jackson_Hooker) & [Harv.](/source/William_Henry_Harvey)<ref name=Orig-Publ/><ref name=APNI/>
|synonyms = 
*''Choricarpia''
}}

'''''Backhousia''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of thirteen currently known species of [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant)s in the family [Myrtaceae](/source/Myrtaceae).<ref name=Orig-Publ/><ref name=APNI/> All the currently known species are [endemic](/source/endemic) to Australia in the [rainforest](/source/rainforest)s and seasonally dry forests of [Queensland](/source/Queensland), [New South Wales](/source/New_South_Wales) and [Western Australia](/source/Western_Australia).<ref name=APNI/><ref name=KWCSP/>

In 1845 in the European science publication the ''[Botanical Magazine](/source/Curtis's_Botanical_Magazine)'' [William Jackson Hooker](/source/William_Jackson_Hooker) and [William Henry Harvey](/source/William_Henry_Harvey) first published this genus's formal description and name, after [botanist](/source/botanist) [James Backhouse](/source/James_Backhouse) from England and Australia.<ref name=Orig-Publ/><ref name=APNI/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Val |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132874317 |title=Common Ground: Who's who in New Zealand botanical names. Supplement Two: Who's who in New Zealand botanical names. Supplement Two |date=2023-01-01 |language=English}}</ref>

They grow to aromatic [shrub](/source/shrub)s or trees from {{Convert|5| to |25|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} tall, with leaves {{Convert|3|–|12|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} long and {{Convert|1|–|6|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} wide, arranged opposite to each other.

==Species==
Sourced from the authoritative ''[Australian Plant Name Index](/source/Australian_Plant_Name_Index)'' and ''[Australian Plant Census](/source/Australian_Plant_Census)'' {{as of|2014|June|lc=y}}.<ref name=APNI/> For [taxa](/source/Taxon) including undescribed species further afield outside Australia, for example likely in [New Guinea](/source/New_Guinea), this list lacks them—refer also to the genus ''Kania''.<ref name=APNI/><ref name=KWCSP/>
* ''[Backhousia angustifolia](/source/Backhousia_angustifolia)'' {{Au|[F.Muell.](/source/Ferdinand_von_Mueller)}}, curry myrtle, narrow leaf myrtle <!-- Mueller, F.J.H. von, (1859) Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 1(4): 79  [tax. nov.] Type: "In virgultis ad flumen Dawson." -->
* ''[Backhousia bancroftii](/source/Backhousia_bancroftii)'' {{Au|[F.M.Bailey](/source/Frederick_Manson_Bailey)}}, Johnstone River hardwood <!-- Bailey, F.M., (1886) A Synopsis of the Queensland Flora Suppl.1: 24 [tax. nov.] -->
* ''[Backhousia citriodora](/source/Backhousia_citriodora)'' {{Au|F.Muell.}}, lemon scented myrtle, sweet verbena tree, lemon scented verbena, lemon ironwood <!-- Mueller, F.J.H. von, (1859) Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 1(4): 78  [tax. nov.] Type: "In vicinia sinus Moreton Bay silvas incolens. Hill & Mueller." -->
* ''[Backhousia enata](/source/Backhousia_enata)'' {{Au|[A.J.Ford](/source/Andrew_James_Ford), [Craven](/source/Lyndley_Craven) & [J.Holmes](/source/Jennifer_Holmes_(botanist))}}<ref name=Ford-Craven-Brophy-2005/>
* ''[Backhousia gundarara](/source/Backhousia_gundarara)'' {{Au|[M.D.Barrett](/source/Matthew_David_Barrett), Craven & [R.L.Barrett](/source/Russell_Lindsay_Barrett)}}; formerly ''Backhousia'' sp. Prince Regent (W.O'Sullivan & D.Dureau WODD 42) WA Herbarium <!-- Western Australian Herbarium, (2007) FloraBase: the Western Australian Flora Version 2.5. √ APC Dist.: WA --><ref name=Harrington-Jackes-etal-2012/>
* ''[Backhousia hughesii](/source/Backhousia_hughesii)'' {{Au| [C.T.White](/source/Cyril_Tenison_White)}}, stony backhousia, stonewood, lime wood, grey teak <!-- White, C.T., (1936) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 47: 61  [tax. nov.] -->
* ''[Backhousia kingii](/source/Backhousia_kingii)'' {{Au|[Guymer](/source/Gordon_P._Guymer)}} <!-- Guymer, G.P., (1988) A new species of Backhousia Hook. & Harvey (Myrtaceae) from Queensland and a reappraisal of Backhousia floribunda A.J.Scott. Austrobaileya 2(5): 567, Fig. 1 -->
* ''[Backhousia leptopetala](/source/Backhousia_leptopetala)'' {{Au|(F.Muell.) [M.G.Harr.](/source/Mark_G._Harrington)}}, former name: ''Choricarpia leptopetala'' {{Au|(F.Muell.) Domin}}, brush turpentine, brown myrtle<ref name=Harrington-Jackes-etal-2012/><!-- [comb. nov.] basionym: Syncarpia leptopetala F.Muell.; nomenclatural synonym: Nania leptoclada orth. var. Kuntze; nomenclatural synonym: Choricarpia leptopetala (F.Muell.) Domin; nomenclatural synonym: Metrosideros leptopetala (F.Muell.) F.Muell.; nomenclatural synonym: Nania leptopetala (F.Muell.) Kuntze -->
* ''[Backhousia myrtifolia](/source/Backhousia_myrtifolia)'' {{Au|[Hook.](/source/William_Jackson_Hooker) & [Harv.](/source/William_Henry_Harvey)}}, grey myrtle, carrol, ironwood, neverbreak, iron myrtle, cinnamon myrtle <!-- Hooker, W.J. & Harvey, W.H., (1845) Botanical Magazine: t. 4133  [tax. nov.] Type: "was found by Mr. James Backhouse in the Illawara district of New South Wales." -->
* ''[Backhousia oligantha](/source/Backhousia_oligantha)'' {{Au|[A.R.Bean](/source/Anthony_Bean)}}<ref name=Bean-2003/>
* ''[Backhousia sciadophora](/source/Backhousia_sciadophora)'' {{Au|F.Muell.}}, shatterwood, ironwood, boomerang tree <!-- Mueller, F.J.H. von, (1860) Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 2(12): 26-27  [tax. nov.] Type: "In silvis ad fluvia Hastings et McLeay River. Dr. Herm. Beckler." -->
* ''[Backhousia subargentea](/source/Backhousia_subargentea)'' {{Au|(C.T.White) M.G.Harr.}}, former name: ''Choricarpia subargentea'' {{Au|(C.T.White) L.A.S.Johnson}}, giant ironwood, scrub ironwood, lancewood, ironwood box<ref name=Harrington-Jackes-etal-2012/><!-- [comb. nov.]; basionym: Syncarpia subargentea C.T.White; synonym: Syncarpia subargentea var. latifolia C.T.White -->
* ''[Backhousia tetraptera](/source/Backhousia_tetraptera)'' {{Au|[Jackes](/source/Betsy_Rivers_Jackes)}}<ref name=Harrington-Jackes-etal-2012/><ref name=SGAP-Townsville-B.tetraptera/><!-- [tax. nov.] Type: Queensland. North Kennedy District: Mount Stuart Townsville, J.W.Elliott JE13 & K.Townsend, 6.February 2012. Holotype: CNS 136890; isotypes: BRI, CANB, K, MO, NSW. Etymology: "Named for the disseminule, which has four wings and is the distinctive characteristic of this species." -->

;Formerly included here:
* ''Backhousia anisata'' was transferred to ''Anetholea anisata'',<ref name=Wilson-OBrien-Quinn-2000-Anetholea/> and later to ''[Syzygium anisatum](/source/Syzygium_anisatum)''.<ref name=Craven-Biffin-2005-Anetholea-Syzygium/>

==References==
{{Reflist | 27em | refs=

<ref name=APNI>{{Cite web
 | title = ''Backhousia''%
 | url = http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=Backhousia%25
 | type = listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia
 | work = [Australian Plant Name Index](/source/Australian_Plant_Name_Index) (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database
 | publisher = Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government
 | accessdate = 26 Apr 2013
 | archive-date = 29 March 2019
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190329172744/http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=Backhousia%25
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>

<ref name=Orig-Publ>
{{Cite journal | last1= Hooker | first1= William Jackson | author1-link= William Jackson Hooker | last2= Harvey | first2= William Henry | author2-link= William Henry Harvey | year= 1845 | title= Tab. 4133 ''Backhousia myrtifolia'' Myrtle-leaved Backhousia; Nat Ord. Myrtaceae—Icosandria Monogynia; ''Backhousia''. Hook. et Harv. | journal= Botanical Magazine | volume= 71 | at= tab: 4133 (plate and text formal genus and species description) | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/434290 | format= Digitised archive copy, online, from biodiversitylibrary.org | accessdate= 12 Oct 2014 }}
</ref>

<ref name=KWCSP>
[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=18711 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]
</ref>

<ref name=Ford-Craven-Brophy-2005>
{{Cite journal | last1= Ford | first1= Andrew J. | last2= Craven | first2= Lyndley A. | last3= Brophy | first3= J. J. | year= 2005 | title= ''Backhousia enata'' A.J.Ford, Craven & J.Holmes (Myrtaceae), a new species from north-eastern Queensland | journal= Austrobaileya | volume=7 | issue= 1 | at= pages 121–127, fig. 1, map 1 | jstor= 41739014 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Bean-2003>
{{Cite journal | last1= Bean | first1= A. R. | year= 2003 | title= ''Backhousia oligantha'' (Myrtaceae), a new species from Queensland | journal= Austrobaileya | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | at= pages 533–536, fig. 1, map 1 | jstor= 41738996 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Harrington-Jackes-etal-2012>
{{Cite journal | last1= Harrington | first1= Mark G. | last2= Jackes | first2= Betsy R. | last3= Barrett | first3= M. D. | last4= Craven | first4= Lyndley A. | last5= Barrett | first5= Russell L. | display-authors=3 | year= 2012 | title= Phylogenetic revision of Backhousieae (Myrtaceae): Neogene divergence, a revised circumscription of ''Backhousia'' and two new species | journal= Australian Systematic Botany | volume= 25 | issue= 6 | pages= 409–414 | doi=10.1071/sb12015| s2cid= 56067440 | url= https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24411/1/Phylogenetic_revision_of_Backhousieae_%28Myrtaceae%29.pdf }}
</ref>

<ref name=SGAP-Townsville-B.tetraptera>{{Cite web | url= http://www.sgaptownsville.org.au/Mystery-Tree.html | date= 2012 | title= Mystery Tree April 2010; Update 2012 ''Backhousia tetraptera'' | work= The Society for Growing Australian Plants Townsville Branch Inc. | format= website | accessdate= 16 May 2013 | archive-date= 13 May 2013 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130513212510/http://sgaptownsville.org.au/Mystery-Tree.html | url-status= dead }}</ref>

<ref name=Wilson-OBrien-Quinn-2000-Anetholea>
{{Cite journal| last1= Wilson | first1= Paul G. | last2= O'Brien | first2= M. M. | last3= Quinn | first3= Chris J. | date= 2000 | title= ''Anetholea'' (Myrtaceae), a new genus for ''Backhousia anisata'': a cryptic member of the ''Acmena'' alliance | journal= Australian Systematic Botany | volume= 13 | issue= 3 | pages= 429–435 | doi = 10.1071/SB99008 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Craven-Biffin-2005-Anetholea-Syzygium>
{{Cite journal | last1= Craven | first1= Lyndley A. | last2= Biffin | first2= Ed | year= 2005 | title= ''Anetholea anisata'' transferred to, and two new Australian taxa of, ''Syzygium'' (Myrtaceae) | journal= Blumea | volume= 50 | issue= 1 | pages= 157–162 | doi=10.3767/000651905x623346| url= http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/565495 }}
</ref>

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2471221}}

Category:Backhousia
Category:Flora of Queensland
Category:Flora of New South Wales
Category:Rosids of Western Australia
Category:Myrtales of Australia
Category:Myrtaceae genera
Category:Endemic flora of Australia
Category:Taxa named by William Henry Harvey

{{Myrtaceae-stub}}
{{Australia-rosid-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Backhousia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backhousia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backhousia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.