# Baba Fakruddin

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Indian sufi saint

Hazrat Khwaja Syed Shah Baba Fakhruddin al-Hasani al-Hussaini Suhrawardi سید شاه بابا فخرالدین حسنی الحسینی Tomb of Hazrat Baba Fakhruddin Personal life Born Syed Fakhr al-Din 26 June 1169 CE Shahpur, Sistan Died 5 May 1295 CE (aged 125–126) [1] Penukonda, India Resting place Penukonda, Andhra Pradesh, India Flourished Islamic golden age Parent(s) Sultan Syed Hussain, Syeda Bibi Fatima Sagir [1] Religious life Religion Islam Creed Sufi Muslim leader Initiated Syed Yusuf Qattal Hussaini Suhrawardi[1] Influenced by Jamal al-Din Saoji

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**Syed Baba Fakhr al-Din al-Hasani al-Hussaini** (d. 1295 CE/ 694 AH) [1] commonly known as **Baba Fakhruddin** was a [Persian](/source/Persians) [Sufi](/source/Sufi) of [Suhrawardiyya](/source/Suhrawardiyya) order from present-day Eastern [Iran](/source/Iran).

Baba Fakhruddin was a disciple and successor of Pir Nathar Tabl e Aalam Badshah Natahar Vali of [Tiruchirappalli](/source/Tiruchirappalli). He was *Shahanshaah* (King of Kings) of Sistan and Shahpur of present-day Eastern [Iran](/source/Iran)[1] later abdicated the throne to take the path of Sufism. He was a direct descendant of [Mohammed](/source/Mohammed) through Imam Hassan paternally and Imam Hussain maternally.[1]

He traveled on foot from Sistan to [Tiruchirappalli](/source/Tiruchirappalli) via Makkah, Madina, Afghanistan, Kashmir, and Gujrat states of India where he was initiated into the Qalandariyya Suhrawardiyya order by his [Murshid](/source/Murshid) Tabl e Aalam Nathar Vali at [Tiruchirappalli](/source/Tiruchirappalli). He was later accorded spiritual succession by his murshid and was set to find his abode where the *[Miswak](/source/Miswak)* spurt leaves. Baba Fakhruddin made Penukonda his home and final resting place.[1]

## Parentage and ancesotors

According to *Shahgada Qalandar*, a biographical account of the life of Baba Fakhruddin by his nephew and successor Syed Yusuf Qattal Hussaini, Baba Fakhruddin was born in 564 AH to Sultan Syed Hussain, Syeda Bibi Fatima Sagir.[1] His ancestors were descendants of Muhammad and were from Makkah and his grand uncle, Sultan Mohammed Hussain, was the Sharief of Makkah. Sultan Abul Khasim, the grandfather of Baba Fakhruddin invaded and conquered Sistan from Akhahir [1] on the orders of elder brother Sultan Mohammed Hussain, the Sharief of Makkah. After the conquest and Syed Hussain became the Sultan of Sistan and Shahpur.

Baba Fakhruddin was an expert in Quranic studies and an Islamic jurist, he also was adept in battle skills. He ascended to the throne of Sistan and Shahpur and became *Shahanshaah* (King of Kings) of Sistan and Shahpur after his father. He was a great king loved by his subjects until he decided to abdicate the throne and renounced worldly pleasures to seek the path of Sufism.[1]

## Life as a Qalandar

Baba Fakhruddin abdicated the throne and became a dervish and traveled to many cities in search of a perfect master and found his guide and master Nathar Vali in [Tiruchirappalli](/source/Tiruchirappalli). Nathar Vali himself was a Persian King who too abdicated the throne in search of God.[2] Baba Fakhruddin served his master for 23 years and became a perfect master himself and was appointed [Khalifa](/source/Khalifa) (Spiritual Successor) by his [Murshid](/source/Murshid). Nathar Vali gave Baba Fakhruddin 300 qalandars from his 900 qalandars and ordered them to accompany Baba Fakhruddin and sent them towards Penukonda, his final abode.[3]

He undertook severe penance, self-mortification practices (*mujāhadah* ) and became engrossed in prayers for a long stretch of periods without food or water and attained higher spiritual stations, and showed several miracles during his lifetime.[3] He remained celibate throughout his life and devoted himself to God. His nephew Yusuf Qattal Hussaini became his [Khalifa](/source/Khalifa) - spiritual successor and the custodianship of the shrine continued in his family to date.[4]

Baba Fakhruddin lived a life of 126 years (130 Lunar years) and departed this world on Thursday 12 Jumada al-Thani 694 AH/ 5 May 1295 CE, after Zuhr prayers.[5]

## Spiritual genealogy

Baba Fakhruddin was initiated into [Qalandariyya](/source/Qalandariyya) [Suhrawardiyya](/source/Suhrawardiyya) order of Sufism and the spiritual genealogy traces back to Imam Ali through several Imams and Qalandars namely [Pir Nathar Tabl Alam Badshah](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pir_Nathar_Tabl_Alam_Badshah&action=edit&redlink=1), [Shaikh Ali Zuwalqi of Shewan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaikh_Ali_Zuwalqi_of_Shewan&action=edit&redlink=1), [Lal Shahbaz Qalandar](/source/Lal_Shahbaz_Qalandar), [Ibrahim Mujarrad Karbalai](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Mujarrad_Karbalai&action=edit&redlink=1), [Jamal al-Din Saoji](/source/Jamal_al-Din_Saoji)[6]

The merging of [Suhrawardiyya](/source/Suhrawardiyya) branch with [Qalandariyya](/source/Qalandariyya) chain possibly can be attributed to [Lal Shahbaz Qalandar](/source/Lal_Shahbaz_Qalandar) however he was not a disciple of [Bahauddin Zakariya Multani](/source/Bahauddin_Zakariya) but a good friend, and possibly received *ijazah*/*khilafat*, whose legendary spiritual friendship is well known in Sindh, Pakistan as Char Yaar [6] The attachment was so cordial and spiritual that their friendship became legendary and they were known as Chahar Yar (Four Friends), the other two friends were [Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i-Shakar](/source/Fariduddin_Ganjshakar) and [Jalaluddin "Surkh-Posh" Bukhari](/source/Jalaluddin_Surkh-Posh_Bukhari)

## Urs

Annually his death anniversary is commemorated on 12 Jumada al-Thani of the Islamic calendar. The urs ceremonies start with the Qalandariya flag hoisting at the shrine by *Sajjada Nashein*, the Chief Hereditary custodian of the shrine who is from the family of Baba Yusuf Qattal Hussaini, the nephew, and successor of Baba Fakhruddin, on 6th Jumada al-Thani.

Urs is observed from 6th to 14th Jumada al-Thani at his mausoleum in Penukonda. Several hundred thousand people from different countries, religions, and all walks of life gather to seek blessings.[7]

## Mausoleum

The shrine of Baba Fakhruddin is the chief seat in [Madras Presidency](/source/Madras_Presidency) for faqirs. Each year on the 1st day of Jamadi-ul-Akhar, the faqirs of all orders Banava, [Rifaʽi](/source/Rifa%CA%BDi), [Madariyya](/source/Madariyya), Malang, and Shah Jalal congregate at this place and select their office bearers. The appointed faqir of Shah Banava goes on a two-year pilgrimage to the tombs of the saints in the Presidency.[8][9]

His mausoleum is located in Penukonda, Andhra Pradesh, India, and is accessible by road, and railway the closest airport is the Kempegowda International Airport, Bangalore, India

		- Mazar-e-Mubarak Baba Fakhruddin in renovated Mausoleum [10]

		- Tree Planted by Baba in Dargah Premises (Around 750 Yrs old)[3]

		- Chilla Pahad - Small hill where Baba Prayed for years in a cave [3]

		- Rock bearing foot impression of Hazrat Baba Fakhruddin at Chilla Pahad [10]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-Qal_1-9) Shahgada Qalandar by Hazrat Baba Yusuf Qattal Hussaini

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700–1900: 43 (Cambridge South Asian Studies, Series Number 43) by Susan Bayly

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-abdal_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-abdal_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-abdal_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-abdal_3-3) Tariq e Hazrat Syed Sultan Baba Fakhruddin by Hazrat Khwaja Syed Shah Baba Abdal Hussaini Suhrawardi

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** పెనుకొండ హజరత్ బాబా ఫక్రోద్దీన్ గారి దివ్య చరిత్ర రచయిత మహమ్మద్ షేఖ్ ఇబ్రహీం సోహ్రవర్దీ పేజీ ౧౧౦

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** పెనుకొండ హజరత్ బాబా ఫక్రోద్దీన్ గారి దివ్య చరిత్ర రచయిత మహమ్మద్ షేఖ్ ఇబ్రహీం సోహ్రవర్దీ పేజీ ౧౧౦

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-baz_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-baz_6-1) Saint revered by people of all religions | [https://www.dawn.com/news/1066533](https://www.dawn.com/news/1066533)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Penukonda Babayya Swami (Baba Fakruddin) Dargah Urs | Anantapuramu District Website, Govt of AP | [https://ananthapuramu.ap.gov.in/festival/penukonda-babayya-swami-baba-fakruddin-dargah-urs/](https://ananthapuramu.ap.gov.in/festival/penukonda-babayya-swami-baba-fakruddin-dargah-urs/)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** The Philosophy of Islam By Khaja Khan 1903

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Studies In Tasawwuf (1923) by Khan Khan Sahib Khaja | [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.234407](https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.234407) |

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-babafakhruddin.com_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-babafakhruddin.com_10-1) Hazrat Baba Fakhruddin (RA) Website | [http://www.babafakhruddin.com/](http://www.babafakhruddin.com/)

## External links

- [Life Sketch of a Sufi Saint Baba Fakruddin](http://www.babafakhruddin.com/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20101023222358/http://www.babafakhruddin.com/) 2010-10-23 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

v t e Muslim saints in South Asia 8th–9th century Abdullah Shah Ghazi 10th–11th century Ali al-Hujwiri (Data Ganj Bakhsh) 12th–13th century Abdur-Razzaq Nurul-Ain Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari Alaul Haq Pandavi Baba Fakruddin Baba Farid Bahauddin Zakariya Bu Ali Shah Qalandar Burhanuddin Gharib Ganj Rawan Ganj Baksh Hajib Shakarbar Imam Ali-ul-Haq Ismail Qureshi al Hashmi Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari Khawaja Awais Kagha Lal Shahbaz Qalandar Makhdoom Husamudeen Manikpuri Makhdoom Sharfuddin Ahmed Yahya Maneri Makhdoom Yahya Maneri Mu'in al-Din Chishti Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi Nizamuddin Auliya Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki Pir Mangho Rukn-e-Alam Shah e Alam Syed Ahmad Sultan Tajuddin Chishti Usman Harooni 14th–15th century Abdul Quddus Gangohi Shamsuddin Sabzwari Akhi Siraj Aainae Hind Bande Nawaz Ibrahim Yukpasi Jahaniyan Jahangasht Madin Sahib Makhdoom Ali Mahimi Makhdoom Bilawal Nagore Shahul Hamid Salim Chishti Shah Sultan Balkhi Mahisawar Shah Syed Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani Shah Yaqeeq Bukhari Wajihuddin Alvi Zainuddin Shirazi Zar Zari Zar Baksh 16th–17th century Pir Baba Baba Shadi Shaheed Jamali Kamboh Muhammad Ghawth Shah Abdul Karim Bulri Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Daud Bandagi Kirmani Haji Bahadar Ali Abdullah Shah Baba Budan Madho Lal Hussain Shah Inayat Shaheed Shah Inat Rizvi Baba Shah Jamal Abdul Hamid Baba Rahman Baba Bari Imam Mir Mukhtar Akhyar Pir Hashim Shah Inayat Qadiri Muhammad Qadiri Syed Musa Pak Bulleh Shah Ali Haider Multani Mian Mir Shah Badakhshi Bibi Jamal Khatun Jahanara Begum Makhdoom Shah Muhammad Munim Pak Jan Muhammad of Jalna Muhibullah Allahabadi Shah Kalim Allah Jahanabadi Sultan Bahu Syed Abdul Rehman Jilani Dehlvi Zeb-un-Nissa 18th–19th century Ata Hussain Fani Chishti Bedil Bekas Fazal Ali Qureshi Ghulam Ali Dihlawi Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar Naqshbandi Khwaja Ghulam Farid Khwaja Nizam ad Din Machiliwale Shah Mahmoodullah Shah Maula Shah Maulvi Ghulam Rasool Alampuri Mewa Shah Mian Muhammad Bakhsh Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan Muhammad Qasim Sadiq Muhammad Channan Shah Nuri Muhammad Suleman Taunsvi Muhammad Usman Damani Murtada al-Zabidi Noor Muhammad Maharvi Rohal Faqir Sachal Sarmast Sakhi Shah Chan Charagh Saleh Muhammad Safoori Sayyad Laal Shah Hamdani Sayyid Sahib Husayni Shams Ali Qalandar Syed Muhammad Zauqi Shah Syed Misri Shah Syed Shah Afzal Biabani Syed Shah Murid Ali al-Qadri al-Jilani Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin Waris Ali Shah 20th–21st century Ahmad Hussain Gilani Sufi Muhammad Barkat Ali Ludhianvi Farid-ud-Din Qadri Pir Irani Syed Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri This table only includes figures venerated traditionally by the majority of Muslims in the Subcontinent, whence persons honored exclusively by particular modern movements are not included.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Baba Fakruddin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Fakruddin) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Fakruddin?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.