# Azelinini

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The **Azelinini** are a [tribe](/source/Tribe_(biology)) of [geometer moths](/source/Geometer_moth) in the [subfamily](/source/Subfamily) [Ennominae](/source/Ennominae), with many [species](/source/Species) in the [Southern Hemisphere](/source/Southern_Hemisphere), particularly in South America. Several species are found in North America as well. These stocky geometer moths seem to be closely related to other robust tribes, such as the [Campaeini](/source/Campaeini), [Ennomini](/source/Ennomini), [Lithinini](/source/Lithinini) and [Nacophorini](/source/Nacophorini) – all of which might warrant to be subsumed in the Ennomini – the genus *[Odontopera](/source/Odontopera)*, and perhaps the [Caberini](/source/Caberini) and [Colotoini](/source/Colotoini).[1] The tribe was first described by [William Trowbridge Merrifield Forbes](/source/William_Trowbridge_Merrifield_Forbes) in 1948.

## Description

They rest with their wings stretched out parallel to the surface, and the hindwings hidden under the forewings unlike most related Ennominae. Though they are among the larger [Geometridae](/source/Geometridae), they are nonetheless not very conspicuous; the outer third of the forewings is usually conspicuously lighter than the middle third, and at the apical end of the forewing cell there is usually a white or black spot, altogether very much reminiscent of the [Ennomini](/source/Ennomini)'s pattern.

At least some Azelinini lack the [sensillae](/source/Sensilla) at the end of the adults' antennae found in most geometer moths. The foreleg [tarsi](/source/Arthropod_leg) are relatively short, as in many of their relatives. The hindwing veins Sc and R1 are extensively fused in some Azelinini, reminding of the [Larentiini](/source/Larentiini) which are not very closely related. The characteristic comb of [transverse](/source/Transverse_plane) setae on the underside of the males' abdominal segment A3, found in many Ennominae, is apparently absent in the Azelinini, as is the associated "scent-brush" on the hindleg [tibiae](/source/Arthropod_leg).[1]

The male genital's [valvae](/source/Valva) usually have complex [autapomorphic](/source/Autapomorph) modifications (such as a hypertrophied [ampulla](/source/Ampulla) and [gnathos](/source/Gnathos)) in this tribe, but the [valvula](/source/Valvula_(insect_anatomy)), like in their relatives, is not [distally](/source/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal) expanded. Unusually, they have both an elongated [uncus](/source/Uncus_(insect_anatomy)) and well-developed [socii](/source/Socius_(insect_anatomy));, the [sacculus](/source/Sacculus_(insect_genital_anatomy)) is rarely hairy and the [saccus](/source/Saccus_(insect_anatomy))' [vinculum](/source/Vinculum_(insect_anatomy)) is generally neither extended nor recurved. Some Azelilini, perhaps all, completely lack the [cornuti](/source/Cornuti) (spines) on the vesica of the [aedeagus](/source/Aedeagus) usually found in Lepidoptera.[1]

Of the female genitalia, the [ovipositor](/source/Ovipositor) is narrow. A robust funnel-shaped antrum – the foremost part of the [ostium bursae](/source/Ostium_bursae) – is present and the interior of the [corpus bursae](/source/Corpus_bursae) is studded with small spines, while the [ductus bursae](/source/Ductus_bursae) is delicate and not [sclerotized](/source/Sclerosis_(medicine)) much.[1]

Like the Nacophorini, their [caterpillars](/source/Caterpillar) have many [setae](/source/Seta) on the (vestigial) [prolegs](/source/Proleg) of [abdominal](/source/Abdomen#Invertebrates) segment A6. And like the Ennomini and Nacophorini, their [pupae](/source/Pupa) have [antennal](/source/Antenna_(arthropod)) tubercles. The [chorion](/source/Chorion_(egg)) cell walls of their eggs are visibly reticulated only around the [micropyle](/source/Micropyle_(zoology)).[1]

## Selected genera

As numerous ennomine genera have not yet been assigned to a tribe,[2] the genus list is preliminary.

- *[Pero](/source/Pero_(moth))* Herrich-Schäffer, 1855
- *[Stenaspilatodes](/source/Stenaspilatodes)* Franclemont & Poole, 1972

*[Oratha](/source/Oratha)*, usually placed in the [Nacophorini](/source/Nacophorini), might also belong here.

## Footnotes

1. Young (2008)

1. See references in Savela (2008)

## References

- Savela, Markku. ["Tribe Azelinini"](http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/geometridae/ennominae/#Azelinini). *Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms*. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
- (2008). ["Characterisation of the Australian Nacophorini using adult morphology, and phylogeny of the Geometridae based on morphological characters"](http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/z01736p141f.pdf). *[Zootaxa](/source/Zootaxa)*. **1736**: 1-141.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Azelinini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azelinini) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azelinini?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.