# Aynaba

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Town in Sool, Somaliland

Town in Sool, Somaliland

Aynaba Caynaba (Somali) عينبة (Arabic) Town [[File:|Aynaba|266px]] Aynaba Location in Somaliland Show map of Sool Aynaba Aynaba (Somaliland) Show map of Somaliland Coordinates: 8°57′24″N 46°24′43″E / 8.95667°N 46.41194°E / 8.95667; 46.41194 Country Somaliland Region Sool District Aynaba District Government • Mayor Mr Mohamed Haibe Mohamud Area • Total 18 km2 (6.9 sq mi) Population (2013)[1] • Total 50,000 • Rank 10th Time zone UTC+3 (EAT)

**Aynaba**, also spelt **Ainabo**, **Ainaba** or **Aynabo** ([Somali](/source/Somali_language): *Caynaba*, [Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): عينبة) is a major town in western [Sool](/source/Sool%2C_Somaliland) region of [Somaliland](/source/Somaliland) as well as the administrative seat of the [Aynaba District](/source/Aynaba_District).

## Overview

Ancient ruins in Aynaba

Aynaba is situated on a busy tarmac road connecting [Somaliland](/source/Somaliland)'s major cities and is the second largest town in the [Sool](/source/Sool%2C_Somaliland) region of Somaliland after [Las Anod](/source/Las_Anod).[2] The town is almost at the exact center between [Burao](/source/Burao) and [Las Anod](/source/Las_Anod), with the town being 127 km and 124 km away from both cities respectively.[3][4] The name "Aynaba" or "Aynabo" translates to "black" in the [Somali](/source/Somali_language) language.[5]

Aynaba is home to the famous Aynaba Well, well known throughout Somaliland and among [Somalis](/source/Somalis) in general for its depth and abundant water, which attracts nomads from neighbouring [Togdheer](/source/Togdheer), [Sanaag](/source/Sanaag) and [Sool](/source/Sool%2C_Somaliland) regions and has been the subject of many poems.[6][7][8]

Ancient edifices have been found in Aynaba.[9] [Somaliland](/source/Somaliland) in general, is home to numerous such [archaeological sites](/source/Archaeological_site) and [megalithic](/source/Megalith) structures, with similar rock art found at Haadh, Gudmo Biyo Cas, Dhambalin, Dhagah Maroodi and numerous other sites, while ancient edifices are, among others, found at [Sheikh](/source/Sheikh%2C_Somalia), Aw-Barkhadle, Ancient Amud, [Heis](/source/Heis_(town)), [Maydh](/source/Maydh), [Haylan](/source/Haylan), [Qa’ableh](/source/Qa%E2%80%99ableh), [Qombo'ul](/source/Qombo'ul) and [El Ayo](/source/El_Ayo).[9] However, many of these old structures have yet to be properly explored, a process which would help shed further light on local history and facilitate their preservation for posterity.[10]

## History

The famous Aynaba well

### 19th century

During the early to mid-19th century, Aynaba was the headquarters of the Soocane military faction led by the famous poet and military leader [Kite Fiqi](/source/Kite_Fiqi).

#### Dervish movement

The town was one of many temporary local centers that the [Dervish movement](/source/Dervish_movement_(Somali)) operated from, led by the [Mad Mullah](/source/Mohammed_Abdullah_Hassan)'s second in command [Haji Sudi](/source/Haji_Sudi) of the [Adan Madoba](/source/Adan_Madoba) subclan of the [Habr Je'lo](/source/Habr_Je'lo).[11] The town was also the sight of clashes between the movement's Sufi tariqa, the [Salihiyya](/source/Salihiyya) and its rival, the [Qadiriyya](/source/Qadiriyya) in 1955.[12]

### Guba series

Following a string of [Habr Je'lo](/source/Habr_Je'lo) victories over the [Dhulbahante](/source/Dhulbahante) after the collapse of the Dervish movement, in which they had captured many wells and reduced their opponents to a pitiful state, including expelling them from Aynaba and the wider Aynaba district, [Salaan Carrabey](/source/Salaan_Carrabey) composed a boastful poem dedicated to Aynaba called *Haadaaqsi*.[13]

Ararsame ma haybsado Nugaal hogashadii ceele Hanas iyo abaar kulu adoo habaqle soo guurey Caynaba hadhuub kama dartaan hoga kaliileede Ka hulleele Hagar aadankii hoobalayn jiraye

— Salaan Carrabey *Haadaaqsi*[13]

Translation:

The Ararsame do not (even dare to) inquire about [Nugaal](/source/Nugaal_Valley) and watering at the wells In the heat of the sun, suffering fierce thirst, you trudged along wearily You do not even take one vessel of water from Aynaba in the heat of the *kaliil* The [Hagar Aadan](/source/Farah_Garad) who used to chant (to their camels, while watering them) have moved out from there

### Conquest of Aynaba

Main article: [Isaaq migrations § Migrations into Sool](/source/Isaaq_migrations#Migrations_into_Sool)

The [Isaaq](/source/Isaaq) clan expanded into traditional [Dhulbahante](/source/Dhulbahante) territory to the east. This expansion was led primarily by the [Habr Je’lo](/source/Habr_Je'lo) subclan. The clan boundary between the Habr Je'lo and the Dhulbahante during the 19th century was traditionally in *Laba Garday*, a pass in the [Buurdhaab](/source/Buur_Dhaab) mountain chain situated between [War Idaad](/source/War_Idaad) and [Wadamago](/source/Wadamago).[14] The Dhulbahante had previously inhabited just east of Burao.[15] The Habr Je'lo took advantage of the Dhulbahante's weakness after the defeat of the Dervish movement to conquer much of their important wells and grazing grounds.[16][17] The Habr Je'lo subsequently expanded into and beyond the Saraar plain and the Ain Valley (which includes Aynaba[18]), pushing the Dhulbahante southwards towards the [Haud](/source/Haud):[19]

Thus under pressure from the Habar Tol Ja'lo expanding to their north, the Dulbahante claim that formerly their north-western boundary was the Sarar Plain now grazed mainly by Habar Tol Ja'lo. And there is good evidence that they have in fact been forced to move south. Those Dulbahante lineages which formerly grazed in the Ain region and which were accordingly called *Reer ‘Aymeed* today pasture their stock mainly in the scrub-lands of the northern Hand where they are known as ‘people of the bush’ (*Reer Oodeed*).

— [Ioan Lewis](/source/Ioan_Lewis)

One of the most significant military and territorial gains was the Habr Je'lo conquest of the strategic town of Aynaba during a tribal war between the Habr Je'lo and the Dhulbahante in 1954–55.[20][21] At the start of the 20th century Aynaba and its surroundings were inhabited by the Dhulbahante, who controlled the important wells there, which was seized by the Habr Je'lo alongside the town itself.[22]

The immediate cause of the war was camel rustling in Erigavo District (today Sanaag region) perpetrated by the famous Dhulbahante warrior, Ali Guun. The camel rustling perpetrated by Ali Guun was however a bloody affair, which precipitated an all-out tribal conflict between the two clans. The death of Ali Guun in Ban 'Ade, a plain between [Garadag](/source/Garadag) and [Hudun](/source/Hudun) turned the tide against the Dhulbahante, with the actual war later on being fought in an area further south of [Las Anod](/source/Las_Anod).[21] A Habr Je'lo poet stated:[21]

Dadku kala laf weyne sane, Hadaan laayey Hagar Aadan (Dhulbahante). Oo xero Garaad kula legdemay, Libin miyey siigtay?

Translation:

People are not equal in strength, If I killed the men (of the tribe of) Hagar Aadan. And fought them in the carrels of their Sultan, Have I missed victory?

The most famous poem about the war was composed by Mohamed Adan Aws (*Yawleh*) of the Habr Yunis Isaaq. Intending to salt the wounds of the Dhulbahante, he said:[21]

Mudo aan dhaweyn baa Nugaal muran ka taagnaaye. Ay qoloba qolo maaganayd, inay muquunshaane. Hayeeshee Habr Jeclaa mulkiday Maaxdii Caynaba eh. Military cadhoodaa Laf buu malow ka siiyaaye. Maroodigaba soo jeesigaa Maaro loo heline. Ma Mariniiskii baa idin helay, Ayda Miranaayey?

Translation:

For a long time There were arguments in the [Nugaal](/source/Nugaal_Valley) (Valley). And each tribe was planning to force out (from the Nugaal) the other tribe. Nevertheless, it is Habr Jeclo that Owns now the sweat waters of Ainabo. An angry military Usually crushes bones. Once the elephant turns around No one can stop him. Have you (Dhulbahante) met The marines (i.e., Habr Jeclo) that were roaming the jungle?

The Dhulbahante loss of Caynabo constituted a form of collective trauma for the Dhulbahante, and touched a nerve among them, especially the subclans inhabiting the [Buuhoodle](/source/Buuhoodle) area.[22] The current clan border between the Isaaq and the Dhulbahante is roughly between the towns of [Oog](/source/Oog) and [Guumays](/source/Guumays) in Sool region.[23]

### Drought

Between 1974 and 1975, a major drought referred to as the *Abaartii Dabadheer* ("The Lingering Drought") occurred in modern-day Somaliland and the neighbouring northern [Puntland](/source/Puntland) region of Somalia. The [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union), which at the time maintained strategic relations with the [Siad Barre](/source/Siad_Barre) government, airlifted some 90,000 people from the devastated regions of Aynaba and the towns of [Beer](/source/Beer%2C_Togdheer) and [Hobyo](/source/Hobyo). New small settlements referred to as *Danwadaagaha* ("Collective Settlements") were then created in [Jubbada Hoose](/source/Lower_Juba) (Lower Jubba) and [Jubbada Dhexe](/source/Middle_Juba) (Middle Jubba) regions. The transplanted families were also introduced to farming and fishing techniques, a change from their traditional pastoralist lifestyle of livestock herding.[24][25]

## Oil exploration

The area Aynaba is located in is home to Block SL10B/13. In November 2019, Genel energy present estimation of block potential. It conclude the existence of active petroleum system and several stacked oil reserves within the block adding up to 1.3 billion barrels of oil. Full field development will have daily output of 50.000 barrels of oil.[26] In December 2021, [Genel Energy](/source/Genel_Energy) signed a farm-out deal with OPIC Somaliland Corporation, backed by [Taiwan](/source/Taiwan)’s [CPC Corporation](/source/CPC_Corporation), on the SL10B/13 block.[27] According to Genel, the block could contain more than 5 billion barrels of prospective resources.[27]

## Demographics

As of 2018 Aynaba has an estimated population of 50,000.[1] In 2005, the wider district of Aynaba had a population of 75,702 residents.[28]

According to a book published in England in 1951, Aynabo was inhabited by the, [Habr Je'lo](/source/Habr_Je'lo), and clans.[29]

According to a 2016 document from [EASO](/source/European_Union_Agency_for_Asylum), and 2018 document by Markus Virgil Hoehne, a lecturer at the [Leipzig University](/source/Leipzig_University), Aynabo is primarily inhabited by the [reeryoonis](/source/Reeryoonis) [Habr Je'lo](/source/Habr_Je'lo) subclan of [Isaaq](/source/Isaaq).[30][1]

## Notable residents

- [Haji Abdi Awad Ali](/source/Abdi_Awad_Ali) (*Indhadeero*) — Somali entrepreneur and the founder and former CEO of [Indhadeero Group of Companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indhadeero_Group_of_Companies&action=edit&redlink=1).[31]

- [Sheikh Ali Warsame](/source/Sheikh_Ali_Warsame) – prominent Somali Islamic cleric and preacher, founder of AIAI (1939–2022)[32]

- [Jama Mohamed Aden](/source/Jama_Aden) — Somali former middle-distance runner[33]

- [aadan tarabi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aadan_tarabi&action=edit&redlink=1) — Somali poet and songwriter[34]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Zenker_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Zenker_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Zenker_1-2) Zenker, Olaf; Hoehne, Markus Virgil (2018-02-02). [*The State and the Paradox of Customary Law in Africa*](https://books.google.com/books?id=jeRhDwAAQBAJ&dq=caynabo&pg=RA1-PT295). Routledge. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-317-01479-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-01479-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Abdi Ali, Eng. Hussein (12–13 March 2012). ["Somaliland Road Sector Developments"](https://www.icafrica.org/fileadmin/documents/ICA_sponsored_events/IGAD_HoA_Conf_2012/SOMALILAND_ROADS_AUTHORITY_March2012.pdf) (PDF). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200925235909/https://www.icafrica.org/fileadmin/documents/ICA_sponsored_events/IGAD_HoA_Conf_2012/SOMALILAND_ROADS_AUTHORITY_March2012.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Aynabo till Las Anod"](https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Aynabo,+Somalia/Las+Anod,+Somalia/data=!4m8!4m7!1m2!1m1!1s0x3d8411c4bbfba285:0x61c05cc1f653aee7!1m2!1m1!1s0x3d832ea3f6d6421f:0x7a18c7e2a8b00d10!3e0?entry=s&sa=X&hl=sv-se&ved=2ahUKEwjH5vjx5brwAhUit3EKHX8bCo8Q4TV6BAgGEBQ). *Aynabo till Las Anod* (in Swedish). Retrieved 2021-05-08.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Burao till Aynabo"](https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Burao,+Somalia/Aynabo,+Somalia/@9.2267177,45.9746681,9z/data=!4m8!4m7!1m2!1m1!1s0x3d87cbb51e04dcf3:0xe11dc484ee84b8f3!1m2!1m1!1s0x3d8411c4bbfba285:0x61c05cc1f653aee7!3e0?hl=sv-se). *Burao till Aynabo* (in Swedish). Retrieved 2021-05-08.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). [*Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings*](https://books.google.com/books?id=fLdtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22caynabo%22). Gobaad Communications & Press. p. 38. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-9726615-1-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9726615-1-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [*WARBIXIN TAARIIKHDA MAGAALADA CAYNABA*](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjA5a61vb3A), [archived](https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/ZjA5a61vb3A) from the original on 2021-12-15, retrieved 2021-05-08

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** S. Samatar, Said (1982). ["Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism"](http://docshare02.docshare.tips/files/24246/242465896.pdf) (PDF). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210522160709/http://docshare02.docshare.tips/files/24246/242465896.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-22.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Aden Muhumed, Abdirizak (15 March 2019). ["POPULAR ISLAM AND LIMITS OF SECULAR STATE ON THE SOMALI PENISULA"](http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/28380/Dissertation.1.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y) (PDF). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210522161029/http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/28380/Dissertation.1.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y) (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-22.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_9-1) Mire, Sada (2015-04-14). ["Mapping the Archaeology of Somalia: Religion, Art, Script, Time, Urbanism, Trade and Empire"](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-015-9184-9). *African Archaeological Review*. **32** (1): 111–136. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-015-9184-9). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[1887/3198283](https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F3198283). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0263-0338](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Hodd_10-0)** Michael Hodd, *East African Handbook*, (Trade & Travel Publications: 1994), p.640.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-hoehne2016_11-0)** Markus V. Hoehne (2016). John M Mackenzie (ed.). *The Encyclopedia of Empire*. John Wiley & Sons. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe069](https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118455074.wbeoe069). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-11184-406-43](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-11184-406-43).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Lewis, I. M. (1998). [*Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society*](https://books.google.com/books?id=nNDXAAAAMAAJ&q=Ainabo). Haan Associates. p. 66. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-874209-87-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-874209-87-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-auto_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-auto_13-1) Galaal, Musa H.I; Andrzejewski, B.W (1963). *Journal of African languages A Somali Poetic Combat - III*. Macmillan. pp. 190–205.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Muray, John (1893). *Supplementary Papers*. p. 553. Our way for a day's march lay amongst stony hills and up a thorny valley, until we reached the summit of a low range which separates the Habr Toljaala from the Dulbahanta country, and is here called Laba Gardai (two views) .

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Höhne, Markus Virgil (2015). *Between Somaliland and Puntland: marginalization, militarization and conflicting political visions*. Contested borderlands. London: Rift Valley Institute. p. 86. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-907431-13-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907431-13-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Höhne, Markus Virgil (2015). *Between Somaliland and Puntland: marginalization, militarization and conflicting political visions*. Contested borderlands. London: Rift Valley Institute. p. 53. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-907431-13-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907431-13-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Zenker, Olaf; Hoehne, Markus Virgil (2018-02-02). [*The State and the Paradox of Customary Law in Africa*](https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_State_and_the_Paradox_of_Customary_L/jeRhDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=habar+jeclo+buuhoodle&pg=RA1-PT305&printsec=frontcover). Routledge. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-317-01479-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-01479-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** MacFadyen, W. A. (1933). [*The Geology of British Somaliland*](https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Geology_of_British_Somaliland/sKYJAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22nearly+all+the+wells+in+the+ain%22&dq=%22nearly+all+the+wells+in+the+ain%22&printsec=frontcover). Government of the Somaliland Protectorate.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Lewis, Ioan M. (1999). *A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism & politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa*. IAI classics in African anthrpology. International African Institute (3rd ed.). Oxford: James Currey. p. 51. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-85255-280-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85255-280-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Lund, Christian; Eilenberg, Michael (2017-07-11). [*Rule and Rupture: State Formation Through the Production of Property and Citizenship*](https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Rule_and_Rupture/HEe6DgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=dhulbahante+caynabo&pg=PA204&printsec=frontcover). John Wiley & Sons. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-119-38473-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-38473-1).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:7_21-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:7_21-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:7_21-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:7_21-3) Mohamed, Jama (1996). ["Constructing colonial hegemony in the Somaliland protectorate, 1941-1960"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213326/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/14169). *[University of Toronto](/source/University_of_Toronto)*: 336–338. Archived from [the original](https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/items/813fc4a2-da1e-400e-967a-86337dc0a103) on 2 June 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:43_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:43_22-1) Höhne, Markus Virgil (2015). *Between Somaliland and Puntland: marginalization, militarization and conflicting political visions*. Contested borderlands. London: Rift Valley Institute. p. 61. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-907431-13-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907431-13-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["CrisisWatch: October Alerts and September Trends 2023"](https://www.crisisgroup.org/crisiswatch/october-alerts-and-september-trends-2023). *www.crisisgroup.org*. 2023-09-29. Retrieved 2025-01-30.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Prunier, Gérard (2021). [*The Country That Does Not Exist: A History of Somaliland*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ynEhEAAAQBAJ&dq=dabadheer+aynaba&pg=PA26). Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-78738-203-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78738-203-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Adam, Hussein Mohamed (1979). [*Somalia, Revolutionary Transformations: Somali Papers Presented at the Third Frantz Fanon Conference, Muqdisho, June 18-24th, 1979*](https://books.google.com/books?id=-Gw0AQAAIAAJ&q=dabadheer). State Print. Agency.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["Somaliland Block SL10B/13"](https://web.archive.org/web/20230827224858/https://www.genelenergy.com/media/2333/genel-somaliland-aow-presentation.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](https://www.genelenergy.com/media/2333/genel-somaliland-aow-presentation.pdf) (PDF) on 27 August 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_27-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_27-1) Reed, Ed (2021-12-20). ["Genel reaches East African farm-out with Taiwan's CPC"](https://www.energyvoice.com/oilandgas/africa/ep-africa/373989/genel-somaliland-cpc-exploration/). *Energy Voice*. Retrieved 2021-12-22.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Rdatp_28-0)** ["Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)"](https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf) (PDF). UNDP. Retrieved 21 September 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** Hunt, John Anthony (1951). [*A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950," Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D. 484*](https://books.google.com/books?id=aAhBAQAAIAAJ). To be purchased from the Chief Secretary.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Somalia Security Situation"](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1158113/1226_1457606427_easo-somalia-security-feb-2016.pdf) (PDF). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135909/https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1158113/1226_1457606427_easo-somalia-security-feb-2016.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-26.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:02_31-0)** Maxamed Jaamac, Axmed. *Taariikhdii Marxuum Indhadeero*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:4_32-0)** Ifiye, Khadar (2022-05-28). ["AKHRISO: Taariikh nololeedka AHUN Sheekh Cali Warsame oo geeriyooday"](https://horseedmedia.net/akhriso-taariikh-nololeedka-ahun-sheekh-cali-warsame-oo-geeriyooday-367119). *Horseed Media*. Retrieved 2024-09-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Olympedia – Jama Aden"](https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/75661). *www.olympedia.org*. Retrieved 2025-01-02.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:12_34-0)** ["Renowned Somali poet Hurre Walanwal, brother of Hadrawi, passes away at 75"](https://hiiraan.com/news4/2023/Dec/194232/renowned_somali_poet_hurre_walanwal_brother_of_hadrawi_passes_away_at_75.aspx). *www.hiiraan.com*. Retrieved 2025-02-04.

**Sources**

- [Aynabo, Somalia](http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=9353493&fid=5791&c=somalia)

[8°57′N 46°25′E / 8.950°N 46.417°E / 8.950; 46.417](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aynaba&params=8_57_N_46_25_E_region:SO_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Aynaba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aynaba) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aynaba?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.