# Axostyle

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Cytoskeletal structure

Trichomonas vaginalis May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining. A  barb-like axostyle (left) projects opposite the four-flagella bundle.

An **axostyle** is a sheet of [microtubules](/source/Microtubule) found in certain [protists](/source/Protist). It arises from the bases of the flagella, sometimes projecting beyond the end of the cell, and is often flexible or contractile, and so may be involved in movement and provides support for the cell. Axostyles originate in association with a flagellar microtubular root and occur in two groups, the [oxymonads](/source/Oxymonad) and [parabasalids](/source/Parabasalid); they have different structures and are not [homologous](/source/Homology_(biology)). Within [trichomonads](/source/Trichomonad) the axostyle has been theorised to participate in [locomotion](/source/Cell_motility) and [cell adhesion](/source/Cell_adhesion), but also [karyokinesis](/source/Karyokinesis) during cell division.[1][2][3]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Benchimol, Marlene (2005). "New ultrastructural observations on the skeletal matrix of Tritrichomonas foetus". *Parasitology Research*. **97** (5): 408–16. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s00436-005-1480-x](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00436-005-1480-x). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16151733](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16151733). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [22527910](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22527910).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Petrin, Dino; Delgaty, Kiera; Bhatt, Renuka; Garber, Gary (1998). ["Clinical and Microbiological Aspects of *Trichomonas vaginalis*"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106834). *Clinical Microbiology Reviews*. **11** (2): 300–17. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1128/CMR.11.2.300](https://doi.org/10.1128%2FCMR.11.2.300). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [106834](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106834). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9564565](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9564565).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Ribeiro, Karla C.; Monteiro-Leal, Luiz Henrique; Benchimol, Marlene (2000). "Contributions of the Axostyle and Flagella to Closed Mitosis in the Protists *Tritrichomonas foetus* and *Trichomonas vaginalis*". *The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology*. **47** (5): 481–92. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00077.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2000.tb00077.x). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11001145](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11001145). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [5852015](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5852015).

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v t e Microbiology: Protistology: Protists Former classifications Protozoa Mastigophora/Flagellates Sarcodina/Amoeboids Testate Heliozoa Infusoria/Ciliates Sporozoa Algae Cryptogams Thallophytes Fungus-like organisms Slime molds Ambiregnal protists Morphology Archaeplastida Viridiplantae "Green algae": Phycoplast Phragmoplast Flagellar apparatus Glaucophytes: Cyanelles Phycobilisomes Red algae: Pit connection Phycobilisomes Hacrobia Cryptophyta: Mastigoneme Periplast Haptophytes: Coccolith Haptonema Stramenopiles General: Mastigoneme Diatoms: Frustule Brown algae: Lamina Pneumatocyst Alveolata General: Alveoli Trichocyst Dinoflagellates: Dinokaryon Dinocyst Theca Ciliates: Cilium Cirrus Macronucleus Micronucleus Apicomplexans: Rhoptry Apicoplast Microneme Rhizaria Phytomyxea Cruciform division "Excavata" Kinetoplastids: Kinetoplast Glycosome Euglenida: Periplast/pellicle Amoebozoa Dictyostelids: Macrocyst Sorocarp Opisthokonta Choanoflagellates: Collar of microvilli General Levels of organization Unicellular Monadoid Amoeboid Coccoid Amoeboflagellate Colonial s.s. Colonial flagellated Tetrasporal/capsal/palmelloid Sarcinoid Coenobial Filamentous/trichal/hyphal Parenchymatous Pseudoparenchymatous/plektenchymatic Membranous/thalloid/foliaceous Multinucleated Syncytial Coenocytic Siphonous Siphonocladous Multicellular s.s./tissular/histonal Cell surface structures Simple cell membrane Mucilage Scale Frustule Cell wall Lorica Skeleton Test Theca Periplast/pellicle Locomotion Flagellum Cilium Pseudopodia Gliding motility Mitochondria Hydrogenosome Mitosome Nucleus Nucleomorph Multinucleate cells Plasmodium Dikaryon Heterokaryon Mitosis in protists Open Closed Orthomitosis Pleuromitosis Meiosis in protists Gametic Zygotic Sporic Other Cyst Cytostome Fimbriae Extrusome Contractile vacuole Eyespot apparatus Pyrenoid Axostyle Mastigont system Ecology and physiology Microbial ecology Microbial biogeography Baas-Becking hypothesis Development/Reproduction Life cycles Fertilization Nutrition: Autotrophy Phototrophy Heterotrophy Phagotrophy Osmotrophy Saprotrophy Parasitism Biotrophy Necrotrophy Mixotrophy Auxotrophy

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