# Aviaco Flight 231

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1992 aviation accident in Spain

Aviaco Flight 231 Aircraft similar to the one that was involved Occurrence Date March 30, 1992 Summary Hard landing resulted in the fuselage separation Site Granada Airport, Chauchina, Spain Aircraft Aircraft type McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 Aircraft name Castillo de Butrón Operator Aviaco IATA flight No. AO231 ICAO flight No. AYC231 Call sign AVIACO 231 Registration EC-BYH Flight origin Madrid–Barajas Airport, Madrid, Spain Destination Granada Airport, Chauchina, Spain Occupants 99 Passengers 94 Crew 5 Fatalities 0 Injuries 26 Survivors 99

**Aviaco Flight 231** was a scheduled [domestic passenger flight](/source/Domestic_passenger_flight) from [Madrid-Barajas Airport](/source/Madrid%E2%80%93Barajas_Airport) to [Granada Airport](/source/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca_Granada_Airport). On March 30, 1992, the aircraft slammed into the [runway](/source/Runway) during the approach, breaking the [fuselage](/source/Fuselage) into two parts. All 99 occupants survived the crash.[1][2][3][4][5]

## Accident

On that day, during the approach to runway 09 at [Granada Airport](/source/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca_Granada_Airport), the aircraft encountered an 11-knot [tailwind](/source/Headwind_and_tailwind) and [heavy rain](/source/Heavy_rain_(meteorology)).[1] At 20:20, in the roll-out, the aircraft's [landing gear](/source/Landing_gear) struck the runway with a vertical force of 4.49g, [2] causing the aircraft to burst all of its main landing gear and bounce off. The plane flew for 36 meters[3] before falling back onto the runway with a deceleration of 4.79g.[2]As a result of the impact, the fuselage broke incompletely into two parts. As the plane skidded down the runway, it veered to one side, tearing apart the fuselage completely, and came to rest in two pieces about 100 meters apart.[4][6]

All 94 passengers and 5 crew on board survived the crash. There were 26 injuries, 14 of which were reported seriously injured.[4][6]

## Cause

As stated in the declarations of [Aviaco](/source/Aviaco)'s director of operations,[7] the most probable cause of the accident was the bad weather presented during landing: [strong winds](/source/Strong_winds) with [windshear](/source/Wind_shear) and [rain](/source/Rain).[6][1][8] The bad weather possibly prevented the aircraft from having a stabilized approach and hit the ground with great force, although some media also collect testimonies from passengers who claim that the maneuvers carried out by the crew during the landing were not the usual ones.[7][9]

[Iberia](/source/Iberia_(airline)) (the airline that owned 65% of [Aviaco](/source/Aviaco)[10]) also opened the avenue of investigation to see if the accident had been caused by a tire blowout at the moment of contact with the runway that could have triggered the sequence of subsequent events.[8]

Following statements from numerous witnesses, the [crew](/source/Crew) requested to undergo a voluntary [breathalyzer test](/source/Breathalyzer_test) to demonstrate their transparency, but the request was denied.[8][7]

## Aircraft remains

The fuselage of the crashed airliner was removed from [Granada Airport](/source/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca_Granada_Airport) after the accident and abandoned in a scrapyard until it was found by sculptor Eduardo Cajal.[11] After purchasing it, he restored it and converted it into a mobile exhibition space, which was presented at the [Madrid International Contemporary Art Fair (ARCO)](/source/Art_Madrid_(Spain)) in 2005 under the name Proyecto Avión (Airplane Project) as a setting for a book launch.[12] The fuselage has been adapted and is not complete; only a portion of the aircraft's cylinder or fuselage, approximately 24 meters long, remains. The wings have been removed.[3][13]

After its presentation at Arco, this piece of the airplane has traveled to different parts of Spain, for example, at the [Malaga Film Festival](/source/M%C3%A1laga_Film_Festival) in 2007.[14] In 2012, it went abroad, being transported by road to [Wales](/source/Wales) for the [2012 Cultural Olympiad](/source/2012_Cultural_Olympiad).[15][3]

## See also

- [Martinair Flight 495](/source/Martinair_Flight_495)

- [Alia Royal Jordanian Flight 600](/source/Alia_Royal_Jordanian_Flight_600)

- [Iberia Flight 1456](/source/Iberia_Flight_1456)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-abc_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-abc_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-abc_1-2) [Periódico Abc](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ABC_(peri%C3%B3dico)&action=edit&redlink=1) (7 September 2019). ["La increíble historia del «avión del milagro» que recordó «El Hormiguero»"](https://www.abc.es/viajar/noticias/abci-increible-historia-avion-milagro-recordo-hormiguero-201609071213_noticia.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-aviationsafety_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-aviationsafety_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-aviationsafety_2-2) ["Aviation Safety Network"](https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19920330-1&lang=es). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-milagro_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-milagro_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-milagro_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-milagro_3-3) [Diario Sur](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sur_(peri%C3%B3dico)&action=edit&redlink=1) (5 April 2015). ["El avión del milagro"](https://www.diariosur.es/sociedad/201504/02/avion-milagro-20150402203140.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-informe_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-informe_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-informe_4-2) ["Comisión de investigación de accidentes"](https://www.mitma.gob.es/recursos_mfom/1992_boletin_02.pdf) (PDF). *Dirección General de Aviación Civil (Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes)*: página 6. 1992.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-lavanguardia31_5-0)** [La Vanguardia](/source/La_Vanguardia) (31 March 1992). ["Periódico La Vanguardia del martes, 31 marzo 1992, página 33"](http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1992/03/31/pagina-33/33503984/pdf.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-elpais_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-elpais_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-elpais_6-2) [El País](/source/El_Pa%C3%ADs) (31 March 1992). ["26 personas heridas al partirse en dos un avión de Aviaco durante el aterrizaje en Granada"](https://elpais.com/diario/1992/03/31/espana/701992826_850215.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-elpais2_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-elpais2_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-elpais2_7-2) [El País](/source/El_Pa%C3%ADs) (1 April 1992). ["El pasaje achaca el accidente de Granada a la tripulación"](https://elpais.com/diario/1992/04/01/espana/702079220_850215.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-lavanguardia1_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-lavanguardia1_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-lavanguardia1_8-2) [La Vanguardia](/source/La_Vanguardia) (1 April 1992). ["Periódico La Vanguardia: Edición del 01 abril 1992, página 27"](http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1992/04/01/pagina-27/33504078/pdf.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Ideal](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideal_(peri%C3%B3dico)&action=edit&redlink=1) (30 March 2017). ["25 años del accidente de avión que conmovió a Granada"](https://www.ideal.es/granada/201703/30/anos-accidente-avion-conmovio-20170329175425.html?ref=https:%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [El País](/source/El_Pa%C3%ADs) (15 June 1988). ["Iberia negociará con el Instituto Nacional de Industria la compra del 65% de Aviaco"](https://elpais.com/diario/1988/06/15/economia/582328812_850215.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** [Heraldo de Aragón](/source/Heraldo_de_Arag%C3%B3n) (1 December 2010). ["De viaje cultural, sin alas y por carretera"](https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/huesca/2010/12/02/de-viaje-cultural-sin-alas-por-carretera-115334-2261127.html?autoref=true). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-aragon_12-0)** [El Periódico de Aragón](/source/El_Peri%C3%B3dico_de_Arag%C3%B3n) (3 February 2005). ["Eduardo Cajal crea un espacio cultural en un avión para Arco"](https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/noticias/escenarios/eduardo-cajal-crea-espacio-cultural-avion-arco_164459.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** [El Periódico de Aragón](/source/El_Peri%C3%B3dico_de_Arag%C3%B3n) (3 May 2005). ["Llega a Zaragoza el ´Avión nave cultural´ del artista Eduardo Cajal"](https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/noticias/escenarios/llega-zaragoza-avion-nave-cultural-artista-eduardo-cajal_180875.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-malaga_14-0)** [Diario Sur](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sur_(peri%C3%B3dico)&action=edit&redlink=1) (8 February 2007). ["Un avión DC-9 albergará la vanguardia audiovisual en el Festival de Málaga"](https://www.diariosur.es/20070208/malaga/avion-albergara-vanguardia-audiovisual_200702081815.html). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** [Diario del Alto Aragón](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diario_del_Alto_Arag%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1) (17 June 2012). ["Cajal "pilotará" su avión cultural DC-9 hasta el Festival Londres 2012"](https://www.diariodelaltoaragon.es/NoticiasImprimir.aspx?Id=753111). Retrieved 2021-01-20.

## External links

- [Fotos del avión de Aviaco accidentado](http://www.aviationcorner.net/gallery_en.asp?registration=EC-BYH)

- [Video del avión en la feria ARCO 2005](https://vimeo.com/26054589)

v t e Aviation accidents and incidents in 1992 (1992) Jan 3 CommutAir Flight 4821 Jan 7 ECMM helicopter shootdown Jan 20 Air Inter Flight 148 Jan 28 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown Feb 14 Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 386 Feb 15 Air Transport International Flight 805 Mar 22 USAir Flight 405 Mar 30 Aviaco Flight 231 Mar 31 Trans-Air Service Flight 671 Jun 6 Copa Airlines Flight 201 Jun 7 American Eagle Flight 5456 Jun 8 GP Express Airlines Flight 861 Jul 20 Tbilisi Tupolev Tu-154 crash Jul 24 Mandala Airlines Flight 660 Jul 30 TWA Flight 843 Jul 31 Thai Airways International Flight 311 Jul 31 China General Aviation Flight 7552 Aug 27 Aeroflot Flight 2808 Aug 27 Gimli DHC-4 Caribou crash Sep 4 Vietnam Airlines Flight 850 Sep 26 Nigerian Air Force C-130 crash Sep 28 Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268 Oct 4 El Al Flight 1862 Oct 18 Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 5601 Nov 14 Vietnam Airlines Flight 474 Nov 15 Aero Caribbean Ilyushin Il-18 crash Nov 24 China Southern Airlines Flight 3943 Dec 14 Russian Air Force Mil Mi-8 shootdown Dec 21 Martinair Flight 495 Dec 22 Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 1103 1991 ◄ ► 1993

v t e Aviation accidents and incidents in Spain 1910s Hubert Le Blon (April 1910) 1950s Aviaco Flight 111 (May 1957) Aviaco SNCASE Languedoc crash (December 1958) Transair Douglas Dakota accident (August 1959) 1960s Alcazaba UTA Douglas DC-6 crash (October 1964) Iberia Flight 401 (May 1965) Palomares incident (January 1966) 1970s Dan-Air Flight 1903 (July 1970) Iberia Flight 602 (January 1972) Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130 (September 1972) Tenerife Spantax Convair CV-990 crash (December 1972) Aviaco Flight 118 (August 1973) Imperial Iranian Air Force Flight 48 (May 1976) Tenerife airport disaster (March 1977) 1980s Dan-Air Flight 1008 (April 1980) Spantax Flight 995 (September 1982) Avianca Flight 011 (November 1983) Madrid Airport runway collision (December 1983) Iberia Flight 610 (February 1985) 1990s Aviaco Flight 231 (March 1992) Aviaco Flight 260 (March 1994) Britannia Airways Flight 226A (September 1999) 2000s Iberia Flight 1456 (February 2001) Binter Mediterráneo Flight 8261 (August 2001) Flightline Flight 101 (October 2001) Spanair Flight 5022 (August 2008) 2010s Los Llanos Air Base crash (January 2015) Seville Airbus A400M crash (May 2015)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Aviaco Flight 231](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviaco_Flight_231) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviaco_Flight_231?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.