# Auxiliary cell

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The '''auxiliary cell''' is a [spore](/source/spore)-like structure that forms within the [fungal](/source/fungus) [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Gigasporaceae](/source/Gigasporaceae) (order [Gigasporales](/source/Gigasporales)<ref name=Oehl2011/>). Auxiliary cells have thin [cell wall](/source/cell_wall)s, {{lichengloss|echinulate}} (spiny), papillate, knobby or sometimes smooth surfaces, and are formed from [hyphae](/source/hyphae) after spore germination before the formation of [mycorrhizae](/source/mycorrhizae), and then on the extraradical hyphae in the soil.<ref name=Muller2004/> They may not be 'cells' in the biological sense of the word, as they are structures found with coenocytic hyphae belonging to members of the phylum (division) [Glomeromycota](/source/Glomeromycota). Mostly they are known from members of the [Gigasporaceae](/source/Gigasporaceae). Currently this family contains ''[Gigaspora](/source/Gigaspora)'', ''[Scutellospora](/source/Scutellospora)'' and ''[Racocetra](/source/Racocetra)'', but there are other generic names that have not been widely accepted (''Dentiscutata'', ''Cetraspora'', ''Fuscutata'' and ''Quatunica'') — all of these form auxiliary cells. Members of the genus ''[Pacispora](/source/Pacispora)'' (another genus in the [Diversisporales](/source/Diversisporales)) are also said to produce a kind of auxiliary cell but this requires further confirmation.<ref name=Walker1986/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=Muller2004>{{cite book |vauthors=Mueller GM, Bills GF, Mueller GM, Foster MS |title=Biodiversity of Fungi: Inventory and Monitoring Methods |publisher=Elsevier Academic Press |location=Amsterdam |year=2004 |page=333 |isbn=0-12-509551-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Du2bi4tgcVcC&dq=auxiliary+cell+gigasporaceae&pg=PA333}}</ref>

<ref name=Walker1986>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walker C, Sanders FE |year=1986 |title=Taxonomic concepts in the Endogonaceae: III. The separation of ''Scutellospora'' gen. nov. from ''Gigaspora'' Gerd. & Trappe |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=27 |pages=169–82 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0027/0169.htm}}</ref>

<ref name=Oehl2011>{{cite journal |vauthors= Oehl F, Goto BT, da Silva GA, Leonor M |year=2011 | title=Glomeromycota: Two new classes and a new order. |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=116 |pages=365–379|doi=10.5248/116.365 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233708522|doi-access=free }}</ref>

}}

thumb|A cluster of spiny to papillate auxiliary cells from a species of ''Gigaspora''
thumb|A cluster of knobby auxiliary cells from a species of ''Scutellospora''

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Category:Fungal morphology and anatomy

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Auxiliary cell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_cell) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_cell?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.