# Augustin Dubail

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French general

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Augustin Dubail General Dubail in 1921, wearing his “Kepi over one eye with the chic exquis (exquisite chic) of the Second Empire”.[1] Military governor of Paris In office 1916–1918 Preceded by Michel Joseph Maunoury Succeeded by Adolphe Guillaumat 22nd Chief of the Army Staff of France In office 31 May – 29 July 1911 President Armand Fallières Prime Minister Joseph Caillaux Minister of War François Goiran Adolphe Messimy Preceded by Édouard de Ladébat Succeeded by Joseph Joffre 4th Commander of the 9th Army Corps In office 20 January 1912 – 29 April 1913 President Armand Fallières Raymond Poincaré Minister of War Alexandre Millerand Albert Lebrun Eugène Étienne Chief of Staff Joseph Joffre Preceded by Marquis de Galliffet Succeeded by Pierre Joseph Dubois 1st Commander of the 1st Army In office 2 August 1914 – 5 January 1915 President Raymond Poincaré Minister of War Adolphe Messimy Alexandre Millerand Chief of Staff Joseph Joffre Preceded by Military unit created Succeeded by Pierre Roques 1st Commander of the Army Group East In office 1 July 1915 – 31 March 1916 President Raymond Poincaré Minister of War Alexandre Millerand Joseph Gallieni Pierre Roques Chief of Staff Joseph Joffre Preceded by Military unit created Succeeded by Pierre Roques Personal details Born (1851-04-15)15 April 1851 Belfort, French Republic Died 7 January 1934(1934-01-07) (aged 82) Paris, French Republic Alma mater École Spéciale Militaire Military service Allegiance Third Republic Branch/service French Army Infantry Years of service 1870 – 1916 Rank Division general Commands List 14th Infantry Division 9th Corps 1st Army Army Group East Battles/wars List Franco-Prussian War First World War

**Augustin Yvon Edmond Dubail** (15 April 1851 – 7 January 1934) was a [French Army](/source/French_Army) [general](/source/General).[2] He commanded the [First Army](/source/First_Army_(France))[2] and Army Group East during [World War I](/source/World_War_I).

## Biography

Augustin Dubail[3] was born in [Belfort](/source/Belfort) on April 15, 1851.[2] He graduated from the military school of [Saint-Cyr](/source/Ecole_Sp%C3%A9ciale_Militaire_de_Saint-Cyr) in 1870 and was commissioned an officer in the infantry. During the [Franco-Prussian War](/source/Franco-Prussian_War) Dubail fought at [Saarbrücken](/source/Saarbr%C3%BCcken), [Spicheren](/source/Battle_of_Spicheren), [Borny](/source/Battle_of_Borny%E2%80%93Colombey) before being captured at [Metz](/source/Siege_of_Metz_(1870)). After the war Dubail served as a professor at Saint-Cyr, as an officer on the border and in [Algeria](/source/French_Algeria), where in 1901 he became colonel of the 3rd Zouaves.

In 1904–1905 Dubail served twice as chief of staff of the [French Minister of War](/source/Minister_of_Defence_(France)) [Maurice Berteaux](/source/Maurice_Berteaux). Promoted to brigadier general, Dubail commanded the 53rd Infantry Brigade, the 5th Infantry Brigade and the 14th Infantry Brigade and was commandant of Saint-Cyr (1906–1908) before being appointed to the technical committee of the infantry.

During the [Agadir Crisis](/source/Agadir_Crisis) in 1911 Dubail was Chief of Staff of the Army,[2] reporting to the new War Minister, [Adolphe Messimy](/source/Adolphe_Messimy). Messimy and Dubail tried to have the Army adopt 105mm heavy guns, but French generals saw them as a drag on the offensive (preferring to use the lighter and more mobile *"[Soixante-Quinze](/source/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897)"* gun) and better used as a defensive weapon like machine guns, so only a few were in use by 1914.[4] General [Victor-Constant Michel](/source/Victor-Constant_Michel), Vice-President of the Supreme War Council and commander-in-chief designate, later claimed that Dubail had privately agreed with his plans to deploy reservists in the front line and to adopt a more defensive war plan; however Michel had to resign when no senior general backed him.[1] Dubail's post was abolished in Messimy's reforms.[5]

In 1912 Dubail was given command of the [IX Corps](/source/9th_Army_Corps_(France))[2] and in 1914 he became a member of the Supreme War Council.

When the war broke out Dubail was given command of the [First Army](/source/First_Army_(France)), which would start the invasion of Germany by [taking Lorraine](/source/Battle_of_Lorraine) together with [de Castelnau's](/source/No%C3%ABl_%C3%89douard%2C_vicomte_de_Curi%C3%A8res_de_Castelnau) [Second Army](/source/Second_Army_(France)). The armies met strong German resistance and were repulsed out of Lorraine with heavy casualties. They were able to reform and defend the French border against a German attack.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

In 1915 he was promoted to commander of [Army Group East](/source/Army_Group_East_(France)) (G.A.E) on the [Western Front](/source/Western_Front_(World_War_I)), around [Belfort](/source/Belfort) and [Verdun](/source/Verdun). He became convinced that a major German offensive was coming against Verdun. He called for reinforcements and heavy artillery and the new [Allie](/source/Allie) tanks for the Verdun sector, but the French commander-in-chief, [Joseph Joffre](/source/Joseph_Joffre), wasn't convinced that an attack was imminent.

When the [German offensive began at Verdun](/source/Battle_of_Verdun), Joffre partly blamed Dubail, who was fired in March 1916, publicly humiliated. He claimed to have been made a scapegoat for Joffre's lack of foresight, although he had himself public played down the likelihood of a German attack at Verdun. [*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Dubail was hired again in April 1916, becoming military governor of [Paris](/source/Paris), a position he kept until June 1918, when he was replaced by General Guillaumat.[2] Dubail died on January 7, 1934,[2] aged 82.

## Decorations

- [Légion d'honneur](/source/L%C3%A9gion_d'honneur) - Knight (24 June 1886) - Officer (11 July 1900) - Commander (30 December 1905) - Grand Officer (30 December 1911) - Grand Cross (18 September 1914)[2]

- [Médaille militaire](/source/M%C3%A9daille_militaire)[2] (8 October 1915)

- [Croix de guerre 1914–1918](/source/Croix_de_guerre_1914-1918_(France)) with 3 palms[2]

- [Commemorative medal of the 1870–1871 War](/source/Commemorative_medal_of_the_1870%E2%80%931871_War)

- Médaille Interalliée de la Victoire 1914-1918

- Médaille Commémorative de la Grande Guerre

- [War Cross](/source/War_Cross_(Belgium)) (Belgium)

- [Distinguished Service Medal](/source/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)) (US)

- [Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George](/source/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George) (UK)[2]

- [Officer of Nichan Iftikhar](/source/Order_of_Glory_(Tunisia)) (Tunisia)

- [Grand Cross of St. Stanislas](/source/Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus)[2]

- [Grand Cross of the White Eagle](/source/Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Poland))[2]

- [Grand Cross of the Crown](/source/Order_of_the_Crown_(Romania))[2]

- [Grand Cross of the Sacred Treasure](/source/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure)[2]

- [Grand Cross of the Rising Sun](/source/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun)[2]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Tuchman_1962,_p.46-7_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Tuchman_1962,_p.46-7_1-1) Tuchman 1962, p.46-7

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:0_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:0_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:0_2-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-:0_2-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-:0_2-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-:0_2-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-:0_2-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-:0_2-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-:0_2-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-:0_2-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-:0_2-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-:0_2-15) ["GEN. DUBAIL DEAD; FRENCH ARMY HERO; Orand Chancellor of Legion of Honor Played Vital Part' in His Nation's Victory. SAVED CITY OF NANCY, 1914 Military Governor of Paris in 1916 Began His Long Career in the Franco-Prussian War"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/01/08/95467131.html?zoom=15.77). *The New York Times*. 8 January 1934. p. 17. Retrieved 5 April 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Dubail was named Augustin Yvon Edmond at birth. See online Base Léonore quoted below.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Tuchman 1962, p. 230

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Tuchman 1962, p. 48-9 The job was merged with that of Vice-President of the Supreme War Council to create a new enhanced post of Chief of the General Staff; the generals considered for the post - [Joseph Joffre](/source/Joseph_Joffre) (who was appointed), [Joseph Gallieni](/source/Joseph_Gallieni) and [Paul Pau](/source/Paul_Pau) - were all senior to Dubail

### General references

- David F. Burg & L. Edward Purcell, *Almanac of World War I*, The University Press of Kentucky, 1998.

- [Christopher Clark](/source/Christopher_Clark), *The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914*, Allen Lane, Penguin, 2012.

- Tuchman, Barbara (1962). *[The Guns of August](/source/The_Guns_of_August)*. Random House. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0345476098](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0345476098). {{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date)).

- [Biography of Augustin Dubail](http://www.ecole-superieure-de-guerre.fr/promotions/biographie/100).

- [Base Léonore for his records concerning the Légion d'honneur (French decoration)](http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/leonore_fr?ACTION=RETROUVER&FIELD_98=NOM&VALUE_98=%27DUBAIL%27&NUMBER=2&GRP=0&REQ=%28%28%27DUBAIL%27%29%20%3aNOM%20%29&USRNAME=nobody&USRPWD=4%24%2534P&SPEC=9&SYN=1&IMLY=&MAX1=1&MAX2=1&MAX3=100&DOM=All).

## External links

- [Works by or about Augustin Dubail](https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Dubail%2C%20Auguste%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Auguste%20Dubail%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dubail%2C%20Auguste%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Auguste%20Dubail%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dubail%2C%20A%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Auguste%20Dubail%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Dubail%2C%20Auguste%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Auguste%20Dubail%22%29%20OR%20%28%221851-1934%22%20AND%20Dubail%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29) at the [Internet Archive](/source/Internet_Archive)

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v t e Military governors of Paris Governors of Paris under the Ancien Régime Louis I d'Anjou: 1356–1357 Jean de Berry: 1411 Waléran III de Luxembourg: 1411–1413 Jean II de Luxembourg: 1418–1420 Jean de La Baume: 1422–142. Jean de Villiers: 1429–14.. Philippe de Ternant: 14..–14.. Jacques de Villiers: 1461 Charles d'Artois: 1465 Charles de Melun: 1465–1467 Charles I d'Amboise: 1467–1470 Charles de Gaucourt: 14..–1472 Antoine de Chabannes: 1472–147. Guillaume de Poitiers: 1478–14.. Louis d'Orléans: 1483–1485 Antoine de Chabannes: 1485–1488 Gilbert de Montpensier: 14..–1494 Charles II d'Amboise: 1493–1496 Antoine de La Rochefoucauld: 15..–15.. Paul de Thermes: 1559–1562 Charles de Cossé: 1562–1563 François de Montmorency: 15..–1572 René de Villequier: 1580 François d'O: 158.–1589 Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie: 1589–1590 Jean-Francois de Faudoas: 1590–1594 Charles II de Cossé: 1594 François d'O: 1594 Charles du Plessis: 1616 Hercule de Rohan: 1643–16.. François de L'Hospital: 1648–1657 Ambroise-François de Bournonville: 1657–1662 Antoine d'Aumont: 1662–1669 Gabriel de Rochechouart: 1669–1675 Charles III de Créquy: 1676–1687 Léon Potier: 1687–1704 Duc de Tresmes: 1704–1739 Bernard Potier: 1739–1757 Charles Louis d'Albert: 1757–1771 Jean de Cossé-Brissac: 1771–1780 Louis de Cossé-Brissac: 1780–1791 General commanders of the Armed Forces in Paris Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry: 1791–1792 Jacques-François de Menou: 1792–1794 Jean Thierry: 1794–1795 Jacques-François de Menou: 1795 Paul de Barras: 1795 Napoléon Bonaparte: 1795–1796 Jacques Maurice Hatry: 1796–1797 Pierre Augereau: 1797 Louis Lemoine: 1797 Jean-François Moulin: 1797–1798 Joseph Gilot: 1798–1799 Barthélemy Catherine Joubert: 1799 Jean-Antoine Marbot: 1799 François Joseph Lefebvre: 1799–1800 Édouard Mortier: 1800–1803 Jean-Andoche Junot: 1803–1804 Military governors of Paris after the French Revolution Joachim Murat: 1804–1805 Louis Bonaparte: 1805–1806 Joachim Murat: 1806 Jean-Andoche Junot: 1806–1807 Pierre-Augustin Hulin: 1807–1814 Louis de Rochechouart: 1814 Louis Sébastien Grundler: 1814–1815 Nicolas-Joseph Maison: 1815 Pierre-Augustin Hulin: 1815 André Masséna: July 1815 Nicolas-Joseph Maison: 1815 Hyacinthe Despinoy: 1815–1816 Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon: 1816–1818 Nicolas-Joseph Maison: 1819–1821 Auguste de Marmont: 1821–1830 Pierre-Claude Pajol: 1830–1842 Tiburce Sébastiani: 1842–1848 Nicolas Changarnier: 1848–1851 Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers: 1851 Bernard Pierre Magnan: 1851–1865 François Certain de Canrobert: 1865–1870 Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers: 1870 Louis-Jules Trochu: 1870–1871 Joseph Vinoy: 1871 Paul de Ladmirault: 1871–1878 Édouard Aymard: 1878–1880 Justin Clinchant: 1880–1881 Alphonse Lecointe: 1882–1884 Félix-Gustave Saussier: 1884–1898 Émile Zurlinden: 1898–1899 Joseph Brugère: 1899–1900 Georges-Auguste Florentin: 1900–1901 Paul-Vincent Faure-Biguet: 1901–1903 Jean Dessirier: 1903–1906 Jean-Baptiste Dalstein: 1906–1910 Michel-Joseph Maunoury: 1910–1912 Victor-Constant Michel: 1912–1914 Joseph Gallieni: 1914–1915 Michel-Joseph Maunoury: 1915–1916 Augustin Dubail: 1916–1918 Adolphe Guillaumat: 1918 Charles Emile Moinier: 1918–1919 Pierre Berdoulat: 1919–1923 Henri Gouraud: 1923–1937 Gaston Billotte: 1937–1939 Pierre Héring: 1939–1940 Henri Dentz: 1940 Military governors of Paris under the German occupation Otto von Stülpnagel Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel Dietrich von Choltitz Military governors of Paris since 1944 Philippe Leclerc: 1944 Marie-Pierre Kœnig: 1944–1945 Paul Legentilhomme: 1945–1947 René Chouteau: 1947–1953 Henri Zeller: 1953–1957 Louis-Constant Morlière: 1957–1958 Pierre Garbay: 1958–1959 Raoul Salan: 1959–1960 Maurice Gazin: 1960 André Demetz: 1960–1962 Louis Dodelier: 1962–1965 Philippe de Camas: 1965–1968 André Meltz: 1968–1971 Bernard Usureau: 1971–1974 Philippe Clave: 1974–1975 Jean Favreau: 1975–1977 Jacques de Barry: 1977–1980 Jeannou Lacaze: 1980–1981 Roger Périer: 1981–1982 Alban Barthez: 1982–1984 Michel Fennebresque: 1984–1987 Hervé Navereau: 1987–1991 Daniel Valéry: 1991–1992 Michel Guignon: 1992–1996 Michel Billot: 1996–2000 Pierre Costedoat: 2000–2002 Marcel Valentin: 2002–2005 Xavier de Zuchowicz: 2005–2007 Bruno Dary: 2007–2012 Hervé Charpentier: 2012–2015 Bruno Le Ray: 2015–2020 Christophe Abad: 2020–2024 Loïc Mizon: 2024

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