# Auguste Chevalier

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{{short description|French botanist (1873-1956)}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Auguste Chevalier
|image = Auguste Chevalier, 1900.jpg
|image_size  = 
|caption = Auguste Chevalier in 1900
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|birth_date  = {{Birth date|1873|06|23}}
|birth_place = [Domfront](/source/Domfront%2C_Orne)
|death_date  = {{Death date and age|1956|06|04|1873|06|23}}
|death_place = [Paris](/source/Paris)
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|citizenship = French
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|occupation  = Botanist
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|author_abbrev_bot = '''A.Chev.'''
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'''Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier''' (June 1873, in [Domfront](/source/Domfront%2C_Orne) – June 1956, in Paris) was a French [botanist](/source/botanist), [taxonomist](/source/taxonomist), and explorer of tropical [Africa](/source/Africa), especially of [French colonial empire](/source/French_colonial_empire) in Africa that included [Côte d'Ivoire](/source/C%C3%B4te_d'Ivoire).  He also explored and collected plants in [South America](/source/South_America) and [tropical Asia](/source/tropical_Asia).  Chevalier was a prolific contributor to the knowledge of African plants, studying forest trees and their woods, [grasses](/source/Poaceae), and agricultural plants of the continent.  Unlike other botanists who studied the plants of tropical Africa, Chevalier also ranged to the floral regions of the [Sahara](/source/Sahara_Desert).

In 1896, he obtained his degree in [natural sciences](/source/natural_sciences) and in 1901 his phD from the [University of Lille](/source/University_of_Lille).<ref name=PR>[http://cths.fr/an/prosopo.php?id=102836 Prosopo] Sociétés savantes</ref><ref name=JS>[http://plants.jstor.org/person/bm000001449 JSTOR Global Plants] (biography)</ref> At [Lille](/source/Lille) he worked as an assistant to botanist [Charles Eugene Bertrand](/source/Charles_Eugene_Bertrand) (1851-1917).<ref name=PR/> In 1899–1900, he took part in a scientific mission in [French Sudan](/source/French_Sudan), and in 1905 established a [botanical garden](/source/botanical_garden) in [Dalaba](/source/Dalaba), [French Guinea](/source/French_Guinea).<ref name=JS/> From 1913 to 1919, he collected plants throughout [Indochina](/source/Indochina).<ref>[http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/botanist_search.php?botanistid=958 HUH] Index of Botanists</ref> Later, he attained a professorship in Paris (1929).<ref name=BN>[http://data.bnf.fr/12136819/auguste_chevalier/ BNF.fr] Auguste Chevalier (1873-1956)</ref>

In 1937, he was elected as a member of the [Académie des sciences](/source/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences), serving as its president in 1953. He was also a member of the [Académie des sciences d'outre-mer](/source/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences_d'outre-mer) (from 1922), president of the ''[Société botanique de France](/source/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_botanique_de_France)'' (1929), vice-president of the ''Comité national de géographie'' (1935-1952) and a member of the ''Académie d'agriculture de France'' (from 1937).<ref name=PR/><ref name=BN/> He was elected a Foreign Member of the [Linnean Society of London](/source/Linnean_Society_of_London).<ref>{{cite journal|postscript=; [H. Hamshaw Thomas](/source/H._Hamshaw_Thomas), M.B.E., F.R.S., President in the Chair|journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society London|date=24 May 1957|title=deaths reported|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1958.tb00806.x}}</ref>

In 1921, he founded the journal, ''Revue de Botanique appliquée et d'Agriculture coloniale''.<ref name=PR/><ref name=BN/> The botanical genera ''[Chevalierella](/source/Chevalierella)'', ''Chevalierodendron'', ''[Neochevaliera](/source/Chaetocarpus)'' and ''[Neochevalierodendron](/source/Neochevalierodendron)'' are named in his honor.<ref name=JS/>

== Selected writings ==
* ''Sur l'existence probable d'une mer récente dans la région de Tombouctou'', 1901 - On the probable existence of a recent sea in the region of [Timbuktu](/source/Timbuktu).
* ''Rapport sur une mission scientifique et économique au Chari-lac-Tchad'', 1905 - Report on a scientific and economic mission involving the [Chari](/source/Chari_River)-[Lake Chad](/source/Lake_Chad).
* ''La forêt vierge de la Côte d'Ivoire'', 1908 - The virgin forest of the [Ivory Coast](/source/Ivory_Coast).
* ''Mission Chari-Lac Tchad, 1902-1904: L'Afrique Centrale Française'', 1908 - Chari-Lake Chad mission (1902–04); French central Africa. 
* ''Le Pays des Hollis et les régions voisines: Mission scientifique de l'Afrique occidentale française'', 1910 - The country of Hollis and neighboring regions; scientific mission to [French West Africa](/source/French_West_Africa).
* ''La forét et les bois du Gabon'', 1917 - The forest and wood of [Gabon](/source/Gabon).
* ''La forêt du Brésil'', 1929 - The forest of [Brazil](/source/Brazil).<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22August+Chevalier%22 Google Search] (list of publications)</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Auguste+Chevalier%22 Google Search] (more publications)</ref>
* ''Les iles du Cap Vert : flore de l'Archipel'', 1935 - The islands of [Cape Verde](/source/Cape_Verde); flora of the archipelago.
* ''L'agriculture coloniale : origines et évolutions'', 1949 - Colonial agriculture, origins and evolutions.<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AChevalier%2C+Auguste&qt=hot_author WorldCat Search] (publications)</ref>
* ''Octave Lignier, professeur de botanique à la Faculté des sciences de l'Université de Caen... (1855-1916). Notice biographique'' &ndash; Biography of [Octave Lignier](/source/Octave_Lignier).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books/about/Octave_Lignier_professeur_de_botanique.html?id=8CmtXwAACAAJ Octave Lignier, professeur de botanique à la Faculté des sciences de l'Université de Caen] Google Books</ref>
* "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0370-3681_1944_num_24_269_6107 Histoire de deux plantes cultivées d'importance primordiale. Le Lin et le Chanvre]" [History of two cultivated plants, [Flax](/source/Flax) and [Hemp](/source/Cannabis)] ''Revue de botanique appliquée et d’agriculture coloniale'' (1944)

{{botanist|A.Chev.|Chevalier, Auguste Jean Baptiste}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_authorAbbrev=A.Chev. IPNI] List of plants described and co-described by Chevalier.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chevalier, Auguste Jean Baptiste}}
Category:1873 births
Category:1956 deaths
Category:People from Domfront en Poiraie
Category:20th-century French botanists
Category:Botanists with author abbreviations
Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Auguste Chevalier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Chevalier) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Chevalier?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.