# Astralium

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Astralium
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Astralium.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astralium
> Source revision: 1323251445
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Astralium calcar 01.JPG
| image_caption = Several views of ''Astralium calcar''
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Astralium
| authority = [Link](/source/Johann_Heinrich_Friedrich_Link), 1807<ref>[Link](/source/Johann_Heinrich_Friedrich_Link) (1807). ''Beschr. Nat. Samml. Univ. Rostock'' (3): 135.</ref>
| synonyms =
* ''Astraea (Astralium)'' <small>Link, 1807</small> 
* ''Astraea (Calcar)'' <small>Montfort, 1810</small> 
* ''Astraea (Cyclocantha)'' <small>Swainson, 1840</small> 
* ''Astralium (Calcar)'' <small>Montfort, 1810</small> 
* ''Astralium (Cyclocantha)'' <small>Swainson, 1840</small> 
* ''Astralium (Distellifer)'' <small>Iredale, 1937</small> superseded combination
* ''Astralium (Foliastralium)'' <small>T. Habe & Okutani, 1980</small> · alternative representation
* ''Calcar'' <small>Montfort, 1810</small>
* ''Cyclocantha'' <small>Swainson, 1840</small>
* ''Distellifer'' <small>Iredale, 1937</small>
* ''Foliastralium'' <small>Habe & Okutani, 1980</small>
* ''Macropelmus'' <small>Gistel, 1848</small> <small>(Unnecessary substitute name for Calcar Montfort, 1810)</small>
* ''Okinawastraea'' <small>Habe & Okutani, 1981</small>
* ''Pagocalcar'' <small>Iredale, 1937</small>
* ''Rugastella'' <small>Iredale, 1937</small>
* ''Stella'' <small>P. Fischer, 1885</small>
* ''Trochus (Calcar)'' <small>Montfort, 1810</small> superseded rank
* ''Turbo (Calcar)'' <small>Montfort, 1810</small>
| type_species = ''Turbo calcar'' 
| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
}}

'''''Astralium''''', [common name](/source/common_name) star snails, is a [genus](/source/genus) of [sea snail](/source/sea_snail)s, [marine](/source/marine_(ocean)) [gastropod](/source/gastropod) [mollusk](/source/mollusk)s in the family [Turbinidae](/source/Turbinidae), the turban snails and star snails.<ref name="WoRMS">Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium'' Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204985 on 2012-09-09</ref>

==Description==
In ''Astralium'' a very rapidly enlarging [whorl](/source/Whorl_(mollusc)) starts from the multispiral nucleus, forming far the greater portion of the [operculum](/source/Operculum_(gastropod)), and usually leaving a pit at the starting point.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77914 G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia]</ref>

==Distribution==
This marine genus has a wide distribution ranging from the Eastern Indian Ocean to [China](/source/China) and [Japan](/source/Japan), the [Philippines](/source/Philippines), [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia), East India, the [Maldives](/source/Maldives) and Australia ([New South Wales](/source/New_South_Wales), [Northern Territory](/source/Northern_Territory), [Queensland](/source/Queensland), [South Australia](/source/South_Australia), [Tasmania](/source/Tasmania), [Victoria](/source/Victoria_(Australia)), [Western Australia](/source/Western_Australia)).

== Species==
According to the [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species) (WoRMS), the following species are included within the genus ''Astralium'' :<ref>[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist WoRMS : Astralium]</ref>
* † ''[Astralium aquitanicum](/source/Astralium_aquitanicum)'' <small>Benoist, 1874</small> 
* ''[Astralium asteriscus](/source/Astralium_asteriscus)'' <small>(Reeve, 1843)</small>
* ''[Astralium bichlinhorum](/source/Astralium_bichlinhorum)'' <small>Thach, 2023</small>
* † ''[Astralium biserialis](/source/Astralium_biserialis)'' <small>(K. Martin, 1884)</small> 
* ''[Astralium calcar](/source/Astralium_calcar)'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''[Astralium confragosum](/source/Astralium_confragosum)'' <small>(Gould, 1851)</small>
* ''[Astralium danieli](/source/Astralium_danieli)'' <small>(Alf & Kreipl, 2006)</small>
* ''[Astralium dekkeri](/source/Astralium_dekkeri)'' <small>(Thach, 2018)</small>
* † ''[Astralium ena](/source/Astralium_ena)'' <small>Tomida, Inoue & Kase, 2022</small> †
* † ''[Astralium eniwetokense](/source/Astralium_eniwetokense)'' <small>(Ladd, 1966)</small> †
* † ''[Astralium girondinum](/source/Astralium_girondinum)'' <small>(A. d'Orbigny, 1842)</small> 
* ''[Astralium haematragum](/source/Astralium_haematragum)'' <small>(Menke, 1829)</small>
* † ''[Astralium hayakawai](/source/Astralium_hayakawai)'' <small>(Kanno, 1958)</small> 
* ''[Astralium heimburgi](/source/Astralium_heimburgi)'' <small>(Dunker, 1882)</small>
* ''[Astralium lapillus](/source/Astralium_lapillus)'' <small>Reeve, 1863</small>
* ''[Astralium latispina](/source/Astralium_latispina)'' <small>(Philippi, 1844)</small>
* † ''[Astralium loochooensis](/source/Astralium_loochooensis)'' <small>(MacNeil, 1961)</small> 
* ''[Astralium milloni](/source/Astralium_milloni)'' <small>(B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973)</small>
* ''[Astralium nakamineae](/source/Astralium_nakamineae)'' <small>(Habe & Okutani, 1981)</small>
* ''[Astralium okamotoi](/source/Astralium_okamotoi)'' <small>Kuroda & Habe, 1961</small>
* ''[Astralium pileolum](/source/Astralium_pileolum)'' <small>(Reeve, 1842)</small>
* † ''[Astralium proprium](/source/Astralium_proprium)'' <small>(Hatai & Kotaka, 1952)</small> 
* ''[Astralium provisorium](/source/Astralium_provisorium)'' <small>Schepman, 1908</small>
* ''[Astralium rhodostomum](/source/Astralium_rhodostomum)'' <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
* ''[Astralium rotularium](/source/Astralium_rotularium)'' <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
* ''[Astralium saturnum](/source/Astralium_saturnum)'' <small>Chino, 1999</small>
* ''[Astralium semicostatum](/source/Astralium_semicostatum)'' <small>(Kiener, 1850)</small>
* ''[Astralium stellare](/source/Astralium_stellare)'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''[Astralium tentoriiforme](/source/Astralium_tentoriiforme)'' <small>(Jonas, 1845)</small>
* ''[Astralium tentorium](/source/Astralium_tentorium)'' <small>(Thiele, 1930)</small>
* † ''[Astralium verbeeki](/source/Astralium_verbeeki)'' <small>Icke, 1907</small> 
* ''[Astralium wallisi](/source/Astralium_wallisi)'' <small>(Iredale, 1937)</small>
* † ''[Astralium waluense](/source/Astralium_waluense)'' <small>(Ladd, 1966)</small> 
* ''[Astralium yamamurae](/source/Astralium_yamamurae)'' <small>Habe & Kosuge, 1966</small>

Another number of species  are also mentioned in the Indo-Pacific  Molluscan Database :<ref>[http://clade.ansp.org/obis/search.php/7197 OBIS : Astralium]</ref>
* ''[Astralium turcicus](/source/Astralium_turcicus)'' <small>Reeve, 1848</small> {{cn|date=November 2025}}

==Synonyms==
* ''Astralium abyssorum'' <small>Schepman, 1908</small>: synonym of ''[Bolma henica](/source/Bolma_henica)'' <small>(Watson, 1885)</small>
* ''Astralium americanum'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of ''[Lithopoma americanum](/source/Lithopoma_americanum)'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''Astralium andersoni'' <small>E.A. Smith, 1902</small>: synonym of ''[Bolma andersoni](/source/Bolma_andersoni)'' <small>(E. A. Smith, 1902)</small>
* ''Astralium aureolum'' <small>Hedley, 1907</small>: synonym of ''[Bolma aureola](/source/Bolma_aureola)'' <small>(Hedley, 1907)</small>
* ''Astralium aureum'' <small>(Jonas, 1844)</small>: synonym of ''[Bellastraea aurea](/source/Bellastraea_aurea)'' <small>(Jonas, 1844)</small>
*'' Astralium bathyrhaphe'' <small>Smith, 1899</small>: synonym of ''[Bolma bathyraphis](/source/Bolma_bathyraphis)'' <small>(E. A. Smith, 1899)</small>
* ''Astralium brevispina'' <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>: synonym of ''[Lithopoma brevispina](/source/Lithopoma_brevispina)'' <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
* ''Astralium cepoides'' <small>E.A. Smith, 1880</small>: synonym of ''[Turbo cepoides](/source/Turbo_cepoides)'' <small>E.A. Smith, 1880</small>
* ''Astralium deplanatum'' <small>Link, H.F., 1807</small>: synonym of ''[Lithopoma phoebium](/source/Lithopoma_phoebium)'' <small>(Röding, 1798)</small>
* ''Astralium fimbriatum'' <small>Tryon, 1888</small>: synonym of ''[Bellastraea squamifera](/source/Bellastraea_squamifera)'' <small>(Iredale, 1924)</small>
* † ''Astralium flindersi'' <small>Tenison Woods, 1877</small>: synonym of † ''[Bolma flindersi](/source/Bolma_flindersi)'' <small>(Tenison Woods, 1877)</small> (superseded combination)
* ''Astralium gilchristi'' <small>G.B. Sowerby III, 1903</small>: synonym of ''[Bolma bathyraphis](/source/Bolma_bathyraphis)'' <small>(E. A. Smith, 1899)</small>
* ''Astralium guadeloupense'' <small>Crosse, H., 1865</small>: synonym of ''[Lithopoma tectum](/source/Lithopoma_tectum)'' <small>(Lightfoot, 1786)</small>
* ''Astralium johnstoni'' <small>Odhner, 1923</small>: synonym of  ''[Bolma johnstoni](/source/Bolma_johnstoni)'' <small>(Odhner, 1923)</small>
* ''Astralium longispinum'' <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>: synonym of ''[Lithopoma phoebium](/source/Lithopoma_phoebium)'' <small>(Röding, 1798)</small> (junior subjective synonym)
* ''Astralium mactanense'' <small>Habe & Okutani, 1980</small>: synonym of ''Astralium lapillus'' <small>Reeve, 1863</small>
* ''Astralium moniliferum'' <small>Hedley & Willey, 1896</small>: synonym of  ''[Guildfordia monilifera](/source/Guildfordia_monilifera)'' <small>(Hedley & Willey, 1896)</small>
* ''Astralium ornatissimum'' <small>Tenison Woods, 1877</small>: synonym of † ''[Bolma crassigranosa](/source/Bolma_crassigranosa)'' <small>(Tenison Woods, 1877)</small> 
* ''Astralium phoebium'' <small>(Röding, 1798)</small>: synonym of ''[Lithopoma phoebium](/source/Lithopoma_phoebium)'' <small>(Röding, 1798)</small>
* ''Astralium plicatospinosum'' <small>Pilsbry, 1889</small>: synonym of ''[Astralium confragosum](/source/Astralium_confragosum)'' <small>(Gould, 1851)</small>
* ''Astralium pyramidale'' <small>W. H. Webster, 1905</small>: synonym of ''[Cookia sulcata](/source/Cookia_sulcata)'' <small>([Lightfoot], 1786)</small> (junior subjective synonym)
* ''Astralium roseobasis'' <small>Kreipl & Dekker, 2003</small>: synonym of ''Astralium provisorium'' <small>(Schepman, 1903)</small>
* ''Astralium rugosum'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1767)</small>: synonym of ''[Bolma rugosa](/source/Bolma_rugosa)'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1767)</small> (superseded combination)
* ''Astralium rutidoloma'' <small>(Tate, 1893)</small>  synonym of ''[Bellastraea rutidoloma](/source/Bellastraea_rutidoloma)'' <small>(Tate, 1893)</small>
* ''Astralium semicostatum'' <small>(P. Fischer, 1875)</small>: synonym of ''[Astralium semicostatum](/source/Astralium_semicostatum)'' <small>(Kiener, 1850)</small>
* ''Astralium squamiferum'' <small>(Koch, 1844)</small>: synonym of ''[Bellastraea squamifera](/source/Bellastraea_squamifera)'' <small>(Koch, 1844)</small>
* ''Astralium tayloriana'' <small>Odhner, 1923</small>: synonym of  ''[Bolma tayloriana](/source/Bolma_tayloriana)'' <small>(E. A. Smith, 1880)</small>
* ''Astralium titania'' <small>Röding, P.F., 1798</small>: synonym of ''[Lithopoma phoebium](/source/Lithopoma_phoebium)'' <small>(Röding, 1798)</small>
* ''Astralium triumphans'' <small>(Philippi, 1841)</small>: synonym of ''[Guildfordia triumphans](/source/Guildfordia_triumphans)'' <small>(Philippi, 1841)</small>
* ''Astralium tuberosum'' <small>(Philippi)</small>: synonym of ''[Astralium rhodostomum](/source/Astralium_rhodostomum)'' <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
* ''Astralium (Bolma) modestus'' var. ''girgyllus'' (Reeve, 1843): synonym of ''[Bolma modesta](/source/Bolma_modesta)'' <small>(Reeve, 1843)</small>

<gallery>
File:Astralium lapillus 002.jpg|''Astralium lapillus''
File:Astralium mactanense 003.jpg|''Astralium lapillus''
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Astralium}}
* {{Gastropods.com|key=3|id=323|title=''Lithopoma phoebium''|access-date=15 January 2019}}
* [http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/de/dms/load/toc/?PPN=PPN616091923 Link, D. H. F. (1807-1808). ''Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock''. Rostock, Adlers Erben. 1 Abt. &#91;Part 1&#93;, pp.&nbsp;1–50; 2 Abt. &#91;Part 2&#93;, pp.&nbsp;51–100; 3 Abt. &#91;Part 3&#93;, pp.&nbsp;101–165; Abt. 4 &#91;Part 4&#93;,pp.&nbsp;1–30; Abt. 5 &#91;Part 5&#93;, pp.&nbsp;1–38 &#91;1808&#93;; Abt. 6 &#91;Part 6&#93;, pp.&nbsp;1–38]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3174372}}

Category:Astralium
Category:Turbinidae
Category:Gastropod genera

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Astralium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astralium) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astralium?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.