# Asterids

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Clade of eudicot angiosperms

Asterids Temporal range: Late Cretaceous–recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [1] Impatiens capensis (Ericales) Oregano from Lamiales Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Core eudicots Clade: Superasterids Clade: Asterids Clades Cornales Ericales Euasterids Lamiids Icacinales Metteniusales Garryales Gentianales Solanales Boraginales Vahliales Lamiales Campanulids Aquifoliales Escalloniales Asterales Bruniales Apiales Paracryphiales Dipsacales

**Asterids** are a large [clade](/source/Clade) ([monophyletic](/source/Monophyly) group) of [flowering plants](/source/Flowering_plant), composed of 17 [orders](/source/Order_(biology)) and more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species.[2][3] The asterids are divided into the unranked clades lamiids (8 orders) and campanulids (7 orders), and the single orders [Cornales](/source/Cornales) and [Ericales](/source/Ericales). Well-known asterids include [dogwoods](/source/Cornus) and [hydrangeas](/source/Hydrangea) (order Cornales), [tea](/source/Camellia_sinensis), [blueberries](/source/Blueberry), [cranberries](/source/Cranberry), [kiwifruit](/source/Kiwifruit), [Brazil nuts](/source/Brazil_nut), [argan](/source/Argania), [sapote](/source/Sapote), and [azaleas](/source/Azalea) (order Ericales), [sunflowers](/source/Common_sunflower), [lettuce](/source/Lettuce), [common daisy](/source/Bellis_perennis), [yacon](/source/Yacon), [carrots](/source/Carrot), [celery](/source/Celery), [parsley](/source/Parsley), [parsnips](/source/Parsnip), [ginseng](/source/Panax_ginseng), [ivies](/source/Hedera), [holly](/source/Holly), [honeysuckle](/source/Honeysuckle), [elder](/source/Sambucus), and [valerian](/source/Valerian_(herb)) (clade campanulids), [borage](/source/Borage), [forget-me-nots](/source/Myosotis), [comfrey](/source/Symphytum), [coffee](/source/Coffea), [frangipani](/source/Plumeria), [gentian](/source/Gentiana), [pong-pong](/source/Cerbera_odollam), [oleander](/source/Nerium_oleander), [periwinkle](/source/Vinca), [basil](/source/Basil_(herb)), [mint](/source/Mentha), [rosemary](/source/Rosemary), [sage](/source/Salvia_officinalis), [oregano](/source/Oregano), [thyme](/source/Thyme), [lavender](/source/Lavender), [wild dagga](/source/Leonotis_leonurus), [olives](/source/Olive), [ash](/source/Fraxinus), [teak](/source/Teak), [foxgloves](/source/Digitalis), [lilac](/source/Lilac), [jasmine](/source/Jasmine), [snapdragons](/source/Antirrhinum), [African violets](/source/Streptocarpus_sect._Saintpaulia), [butterfly bushes](/source/Buddleja), [sesame](/source/Sesame), [psyllium](/source/Psyllium), [potatoes](/source/Potato), [eggplants](/source/Eggplant), [tomatoes](/source/Tomato), [chilli peppers](/source/Capsicum), [tobacco](/source/Tobacco), [petunias](/source/Petunia), [morning glory](/source/Morning_glory), and [sweet potato](/source/Sweet_potato) (clade lamiids).

Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to as [Asteridae](/source/Asteridae) in the [Cronquist system](/source/Cronquist_system) (1981) and as [Sympetalae](/source/Sympetalae) in earlier systems.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] The name asterids (not necessarily capitalised) resembles the earlier [botanical name](/source/Botanical_name) but is intended to be the name of a clade rather than a formal ranked name, in the sense of the *[ICBN](/source/ICBN)*.

## History

Genetic analysis carried out after [APG II](/source/APG_II) maintains that the sister to all other asterids are the [Cornales](/source/Cornales). A second order that split from the base of the asterids are the [Ericales](/source/Ericales). The remaining orders cluster into two clades, the lamiids and the campanulids. The structure of both of these clades has changed in [APG III](/source/APG_III).[4][5]

In the APG III system, the following clades were renamed:

- **euasterids I → lamiids**

- **euasterids II → campanulids**[4][5]

## Phylogeny

The phylogenetic tree presented hereinafter has been proposed by the APG IV project.[3]

Asterids Cornales Ericales Euasterids Campanulids Aquifoliales Asterales Escalloniales Bruniales Apiales Dipsacales Paracryphiales Lamiids Icacinales Metteniusales Garryales Boraginales Gentianales Vahliales Lamiales Solanales

### Subdivision

#### Lamiids

The lamiid subclade consists of about 40,000 species and account for about 15% of angiosperm diversity, characterized in general by superior [ovaries](/source/Ovary_(botany)) and [corollas](/source/Corolla_(botany)) with any fusion of the petals (sympetaly) occurring late in the process of development. The major part of lamiid diversity occurs in the group of five orders from Boraginales to Solanales, referred to informally as "core lamiids" (sometimes called Laminae). The remainder of the lamiids are referred to as "basal lamiids", in which [Garryales](/source/Garryales) is the [sister group](/source/Sister_group) to the core lamiids. It has been suggested that the core lamiids radiated from an ancestral line of tropical trees in which the flowers were inconspicuous and the fruit large, [drupaceous](/source/Drupaceous) and often single-seeded.[6]

## See also

- [List of lamiid families](/source/List_of_lamiid_families)

- [List of basal asterid families](/source/List_of_basal_asterid_families)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Atkinson2022_1-0)** Atkinson, Brian A. (14 November 2022). ["Icacinaceae fossil provides evidence for a Cretaceous origin of the lamiids"](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-022-01275-y). *Nature Plants*. **8** (12): 1374–1377. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2022NatPl...8.1374A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatPl...8.1374A). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41477-022-01275-y](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41477-022-01275-y). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2055-0278](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2055-0278). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [36376504](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36376504). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [253521093](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253521093).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Bremer, Kåre; Friis, elsemarie; Bremer, birgitta (1 June 2004). ["Molecular Phylogenetic Dating of Asterid Flowering Plants Shows Early Cretaceous Diversification"](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10635150490445913). *Systematic Biology*. **53** (3): 496–505. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/10635150490445913](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10635150490445913). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15503676](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15503676). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [41752744](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41752744).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-apgiv_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-apgiv_3-1) Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). ["An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385). *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **181** (1): 1–20. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/boj.12385](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-apgii_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-apgii_4-1) Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **141** (4): 399–436. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x](https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-apgiii_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-apgiii_5-1) Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). ["An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x). *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **161** (2): 105–121. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[10654/18083](https://hdl.handle.net/10654%2F18083).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStull_et_al2015_6-0)** [Stull et al 2015](#CITEREFStull_et_al2015).

## Bibliography

- Stull, Gregory W.; Duno de Stefano, Rodrigo; [Soltis, Douglas E.](/source/Douglas_Soltis); [Soltis, Pamela S.](/source/Pamela_Soltis) (November 2015). ["Resolving basal lamiid phylogeny and the circumscription of Icacinaceae with a plastome-scale data set"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283306676). *[American Journal of Botany](/source/American_Journal_of_Botany)*. **102** (11): 1794–1813. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3732/ajb.1500298](https://doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.1500298). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [26507112](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26507112).

## External links

- Media related to [Asterids](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Asterids) at Wikimedia Commons

- [Asterids](http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/cornalesweb.htm#Asterids) in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). [Angiosperm Phylogeny Website](http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb). Version 7, May 2006.

v t e Orders of flowering plants (APG IV) Supergroup Plant: Bryophyta Marchantiophyta Polypodiophyta Acrogymnospermae Angiospermae Angiosperms Amborellales¹ Nymphaeales¹ Austrobaileyales¹ Mesangiosperms Chloranthales Ceratophyllales Magnoliids Canellales Piperales Laurales Magnoliales Monocots Acorales² Alismatales² Petrosaviales³ Dioscoreales³ Pandanales³ Liliales³ Asparagales³ Commelinids Arecales Poales Commelinales Zingiberales Eudicots Ranunculales Proteales Trochodendrales Buxales Gunnerales Pentapetalae Dilleniales Superrosids Saxifragales Rosids Vitales Fabids Zygophyllales Celastrales Malpighiales Oxalidales Fabales Rosales Cucurbitales Fagales Malvids Geraniales Myrtales Crossosomatales Picramniales Sapindales Huerteales Brassicales Malvales Superasterids Berberidopsidales Santalales Caryophyllales Asterids Cornales Ericales Campanulids Aquifoliales Asterales Escalloniales Bruniales Apiales Dipsacales Paracryphiales Lamiids Icacinales Metteniusales Garryales Boraginales Gentianales Lamiales Solanales Vahliales ¹Basal angiosperms ²Alismatids ³Lilioids Category

Taxon identifiers Asterids Wikidata: Q747502 Wikispecies: Asterids NCBI: 71274

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Asterids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterids) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterids?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.