# Astacidea > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Astacidea > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Astacidea.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacidea > Source revision: 1330276827 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Infraorder of crustaceans}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|279|0}} [Middle Permian](/source/Middle_Permian) - present | image = RNK jastog.jpg | image_caption = Adriatic [lobster](/source/lobster) | image2 = Austropotamobius pallipes.jpg | image2_caption = [Crayfish](/source/Crayfish): ''[Austropotamobius pallipes](/source/Austropotamobius_pallipes)'' | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Astacidea | authority = [Latreille](/source/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille), 1802 | subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies | subdivision = *[Astacoidea](/source/Astacoidea) *[Enoplometopoidea](/source/Enoplometopoidea) *[Nephropoidea](/source/Nephropoidea) *† [Palaeopalaemonoidea](/source/Palaeopalaemonoidea) *[Parastacoidea](/source/Parastacoidea) }} '''Astacidea''' is an [infraorder](/source/infraorder) of [decapod](/source/Decapoda) [crustacea](/source/crustacea)ns including [lobster](/source/lobster)s (but not "lobsters" such as the [spiny lobster](/source/spiny_lobster) etc.), [crayfish](/source/crayfish), and their close relatives. ==Description== The Astacidea are distinguished from most other decapods by the presence of [chelae](/source/chela_(organ)) (claws) on each of the first three pairs of [pereiopod](/source/pereiopod)s (walking legs), the first of which is much larger than the remaining two pairs.{{cite book |author=Gary Poore |year=2004 |title=Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: a Guide to Identification |publisher=[CSIRO Publishing](/source/CSIRO_Publishing) |isbn=9780643099258 |chapter=Astacidea – scampi & crayfish |pages=159–167}} The last two pairs of pereiopods are simple (without claws), except in ''[Thaumastocheles](/source/Thaumastocheles)'', where the fifth pereiopod may have "a minute pincer".{{cite book |url=ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/t0411e/t0411e04.pdf |title=FAO species catalogue Vol. 13: Marine Lobsters of the World |author=Lipke Holthuis |author-link=Lipke Holthuis |publisher=[Food and Agriculture Organization](/source/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization) |location=Rome, Italy |year=1991 |isbn=92-5-103027-8 |chapter=Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1802 |pages=19–86}} ==Distribution== Members of the infraorder Astacidea are found throughout the world – both in the [ocean](/source/ocean)s and in [fresh water](/source/fresh_water) – except for mainland Africa and parts of Asia.{{cite web |url=http://www.crustacea.net/crustace/www/astacid.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705112826/http://crustacea.net/crustace/www/astacid.htm |archive-date=July 5, 2008 |title=Astacidea (Decapoda, Eucarida, Malacostraca) |work=Crustacea, the Higher Taxa |author=J. K. Lowry |date=October 2, 1999 |publisher=Australian Museum |access-date=October 24, 2012}} ==Classification== Astacidea belongs to the group [Reptantia](/source/Reptantia), which consists of the walking/crawling decapods (lobsters and [crabs](/source/crabs)).{{Cite book|last1=Yeo|first1=Darren|title=Advances in Freshwater Decapod Systematics and Biology|last2=Cumberlidge|first2=Neil|last3=Klaus|first3=Sebastian|publisher=BRILL|year=2014|isbn=9789004207615}} Astacidea is the [sister clade](/source/sister_clade) to the infraorder [Polychelida](/source/Polychelida), a small group of crustaceans restricted to deep waters. The [cladogram](/source/cladogram) below shows Astacidea's placement within the larger [order](/source/order_(biology)) [Decapoda](/source/Decapoda), from analysis by Wolfe ''et al.'', 2019.{{cite journal |last1=Wolfe |first1=Joanna M. |last2=Breinholt |first2=Jesse W. |last3=Crandall |first3=Keith A. |last4=Lemmon |first4=Alan R. |last5=Lemmon |first5=Emily Moriarty |last6=Timm |first6=Laura E. |last7=Siddall |first7=Mark E. |last8=Bracken-Grissom |first8=Heather D. |title=A phylogenomic framework, evolutionary timeline and genomic resources for comparative studies of decapod crustaceans |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B | date=24 April 2019 |volume=286 |issue=1901 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2019.0079 |pmc=6501934 |pmid=31014217 |doi-access=free }} {{Decapoda cladogram}} The infraorder Astacidea comprises four extant superfamilies, two of [crayfish](/source/crayfish) ([Astacoidea](/source/Astacoidea) and [Parastacoidea](/source/Parastacoidea)), one of true [lobster](/source/lobster)s (Nephropoidea), one of [reef lobster](/source/reef_lobster)s (the genus ''[Enoplometopus](/source/Enoplometopus)''), and a number of fossil taxa.{{cite journal |journal=[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology](/source/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoology) |year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |display-authors=etal |access-date=2010-02-22 |archive-date=2011-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{As of|2009}}, the group contains 782 recognised species, over 400 of which are in the crayfish family [Cambaridae](/source/Cambaridae). The members of the infraorder [Glypheidea](/source/Glypheidea) (containing numerous fossils and the two extant species ''[Neoglyphea inopinata](/source/Neoglyphea_inopinata)'' and ''[Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica](/source/Laurentaeglyphea_neocaledonica)'') were formerly included here. The [cladogram](/source/cladogram) below shows Astacidea's internal relationships and the early split between [lobsters](/source/lobsters) and [crayfish](/source/crayfish):{{Cite journal| title = An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list| date = 2017| last1 = Crandall | first1 = Keith A.| last2 = De Grave | first2 = Sammy| journal = Journal of Crustacean Biology| volume = 37| issue = 5| pages = 615–653| doi = 10.1093/jcbiol/rux070| doi-access = free}}{{cite journal| author1=Heather D. Bracken-Grissom |author2=Shane T. Ahyong |author3=Richard D. Wilkinson |author4=Rodney M. Feldmann |author5=Carrie E. Schweitzer |author6=Jesse W. Breinholt |author7=Matthew Bendall |author8=Ferran Palero |author9=Tin-Yam Chan |author10=Darryl L. Felder |author11=Rafael Robles |author12=Ka-Hou Chu |author13=Ling-Ming Tsang |author14=Dohyup Kim |author15=Joel W. Martin |author16=Keith A. Crandall |title=The Emergence of Lobsters: Phylogenetic Relationships, Morphological Evolution and Divergence Time Comparisons of an Ancient Group (Decapoda: Achelata, Astacidea, Glypheidea, Polychelida) |journal=[Systematic Biology](/source/Systematic_Biology) |date=July 2014 |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=457–479 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/syu008 |doi-access= |pmid=24562813 |hdl=10550/106842 |hdl-access=free }} {{clade |label1='''Astacidea''' |1={{clade |label1=clawed lobsters |1={{clade |label1=[Enoplometopoidea](/source/Enoplometopoidea) |1=[Enoplometopidae](/source/Enoplometopidae) |label2=[Nephropoidea](/source/Nephropoidea) |2=[Nephropidae](/source/Nephropidae) }} |label2=[crayfish](/source/crayfish) |2={{clade |label1=[Parastacoidea](/source/Parastacoidea) |1=[Parastacidae](/source/Parastacidae) |label2=[Astacoidea](/source/Astacoidea) |2={{clade |1=[Cambaroididae](/source/Cambaroididae) |2={{clade |1=[Astacidae](/source/Astacidae) |2=[Cambaridae](/source/Cambaridae) }} }} }} }} }} ==Taxonomy== {{div col|colwidth=21em}} *[Palaeopalaemon](/source/Palaeopalaemon)oidea † *#[Palaeopalaemon](/source/Palaeopalaemon)idae † *[Enoplometopoidea](/source/Enoplometopoidea) *#[Enoplometopidae](/source/Enoplometopidae) *#[Uncinidae](/source/Uncinidae) † *[Nephropoidea](/source/Nephropoidea) *#[Chilenophoberidae](/source/Chilenophoberidae) † *#[Nephropidae](/source/Nephropidae) *#[Protastacidae](/source/Protastacidae) † *#[Stenochiridae](/source/Stenochiridae) † *[Astacoidea](/source/Astacoidea) *#[Astacidae](/source/Astacidae) *#[Cambaridae](/source/Cambaridae) *#[Cambaroididae](/source/Cambaroididae) *#[Cricoidoscelosidae](/source/Cricoidoscelosidae) † *[Parastacoidea](/source/Parastacoidea) *#[Parastacidae](/source/Parastacidae) {{Div col end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Decapoda}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q929163}} {{Authority control}} Category:Decapods Category:Arthropod infraorders Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Astacidea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacidea) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacidea?action=history)). 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