# Ashtapadi

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For the 1983 film, see [Ashtapadi (film)](/source/Ashtapadi_(film)).

***Ashtapadis*** or ***Ashtapadi*** refers to the [Sanskrit](/source/Sanskrit) hymns of the *[Gita Govinda](/source/Gita_Govinda)*, composed by [Jayadeva](/source/Jayadeva) in the 12th century. The *ashtapadis*, which describe the beauty of Lord [Krishna](/source/Krishna) and the love between Krishna and the *[gopis](/source/Gopi)*, are considered a masterpiece in esoteric spirituality and the theme of 'Divine romance'. The literal meaning of *ashtapathi*, 'eight-steps', refers to the fact that each hymn is made of eight couplets (eight sets of two lines). It is also the source of the word *[ashtāpada](/source/Asht%C4%81pada)*, an Indian [board game](/source/Board_game), the forerunner of [chess](/source/Chess). Although the original tunes of the *ashtapadis* were lost in history, they remain popular and are widely sung in a variety of tunes, and used in classical dance performances, across India. Ashtapadis are regularly performed at Kerala temples in the accompaniment of an *[idakka](/source/Idakka);* a genre of music called *[sopana sangeetham](/source/Sopana_Sangeetham).*

The lyrical poetry of the *Gita Govinda* is divided into twelve chapters, each of which is sub-divided into twenty four divisions called *Prabandha*. The *Prabandhas* contain couplets grouped into eights, called *ashtapadis*.

- [Melody type](/source/Melody_type)
- [Rasa (aesthetics)](/source/Rasa_(aesthetics))
- [Works of Jayadeva](/source/Works_of_Jayadeva)

## List of Ashtapadis

Today, the ashtapadis are sung in a variety of tunes and the list below is just a sample of some of the raga scales used. The original tunes of the ashtapadis are unknown and likely lost in history.[1]

- 1. pralaya payodhi jale (jaya jagadisha hare) - Sowrashtram
- 2. shrita kamalā kucha-mandala (jaya jaya deva hare) - [Bhairavi](/source/Bhairavi_(Carnatic))
- 3. lalita lavanga-latā parishilana (viharati harir-iha) - Huseni / [Vasantha](/source/Vasantha_(raga))
- 4. chandana charchita nila kalevara - [Kamavardhini](/source/Kamavardhini)
- 5. sancharad-adhara sudhā madhura (rāse harim-iha) - [Thodi](/source/Hanumatodi)
- 6. nibhruta nikunja gruham - [Kambhoji](/source/Kambhoji)
- 7. mām iyam chalitā vilokya - [Bhupalam](/source/Bhupalam)
- 8. nindati chandanam indu-kirañam (sā virahe tava dinā) - Sowrashtram/[Dwijavanthi](/source/Dwijavanthi)/[Darbari Kanada](/source/Darbari_Kanada)
- 9. stana-vinihitam api hāram udāram - [Bilahari](/source/Bilahari)
- 10. vahati malaya samire (tava virahe vanamāli) - [Anandabhairavi](/source/Anandabhairavi)
- 11. rati-sukha-sāre gatam abhisāre (dhira samire yamunā tire) - [Kedaragowla](/source/Kedaragowla) or Pahadi
- 12. pashyati dishi dishi (nātha hare) - [Sankarabharanam](/source/Sankarabharanam_(raga))
- 13. kathita samayepi - [Ahiri](/source/Ahiri)
- 14. smara-samaro-chita virachita veshā - Saranga
- 15. samudita madane ramañi vadane - [Saveri](/source/Saveri)
- 16. anila tarala kuvalaya nayanena - [Punnagavarali](/source/Punnagavarali)/Vishwapriya/Shuddha Saranga
- 17. rajani janita guru-jāgara (yāhi mādhava yāhi keshava mā vada) - [Arabhi](/source/Arabhi)
- 18. harir-abhisarati vahati - [Yadukulakamboji](/source/Yadukulakamboji)
- 19. vadasi yadi kinchid-api (priye chārushile muncha) - [Mukhaari](/source/Mukhaari)
- 20. virachita chātu-vachana rachanam - [Kalyani](/source/Kalyani_(raga))
- 21. manju-tara kunja tala keli sadane (vilasa) - Ghanta
- 22. rādhā vadana vilokana - [Madhyamavati](/source/Madhyamavati)
- 23. kishalaya shayana tale - Nadhanamakriya
- 24. kuru yadu-nandana (nijagāda sā) - [Surutti](/source/Surutti)/[Chakravakam](/source/Chakravakam_(raga))

## References

1. 'South Indian Music', Prof.Sambamoorthy

## External links

- [www.odia.org Oriya (Odia) Gita Govinda](http://www.odia.org)
- [http://www.sangeetasudha.org/jayadeva/index.html](http://www.sangeetasudha.org/jayadeva/index.html)
- [https://gitagovinda.wordpress.com/](https://gitagovinda.wordpress.com/)
- [lyrics of ashtapathi](http://legendsinmusic.ucoz.com/index/jayadeva_ashtapadis/0-176)
- [Jayadeva Ashtapathi/Geetha Govindam Lyrics in Carnatic/Bhajanais](https://carnatic-circle.com/jayadeva-ashtapadhi/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ashtapadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtapadi) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtapadi?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.