# Ascarat

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**Ascarat** (askaʁat; Occitan: *Escarpat*; Basque: *Azkarate*)[2] is a [commune](/source/Communes_of_France) in the [Pyrénées-Atlantiques](/source/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques) [department](/source/Departments_of_France) in the [Nouvelle-Aquitaine](/source/Nouvelle-Aquitaine) region of south-western [France](/source/France).

The inhabitants are known as *Azkaratear*.[3][4]

## Geography

Ascarat is located in the [former province](/source/Provinces_of_France) of [Lower Navarre](/source/Lower_Navarre) in the Aldudes Valley immediately north-west of [Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port](/source/Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port). Access to the commune is by the D918 road from Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port which passes through the length of the commune on the eastern side and continues to [Louhossoa](/source/Louhossoa). The D15 road goes north-west from Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port through the southern part of the commune continuing to [Irouléguy](/source/Iroul%C3%A9guy). Access to the village is by country roads - Garategana from the D15 and Learraa from the D918. There are substantial forests in the commune however about 70% of the land area is farmland.[5]

The [Nive](/source/Nive) river forms the eastern border of the commune as it flows north to join the [Adour](/source/Adour) at [Bayonne](/source/Bayonne). Three streams flow into the Nive in the commune: the Nive d'Arnéguy, the Nive de Béhérobie, the Berroko erreka, and the Pagolako erreka.[5]

### Places and hamlets

- Apelchénéa
- Arbelarréa
- Arrécharborda
- Béhérekoetchéa
- Bentaberria
- Beskinaénéa
- Bidartéa
- Bordia
- Burugorriénéa
- Caracotchéa
- Choko Ona
- Errékaldéa
- Fargas (château)
- Ferrandoénéa
- Garatégaïna
- Haranbiako Borda
- Harguinaénéa
- Harguinchuria
- Hirureta
- Indartéa
- Iputchaénéa
- Ithurraldéa
- Ithurricheta
- Jauberria
- Pontoussénéa
- Puchulua
- La Solitude
- Tofinaenea
- Uhaldéa

[6]

## Toponymy

The name *Ascarat* appears in the forms:

- *Ascarat* (1106[7]),
- *Escarat* (13th century[7]),
- *Azcarat* (1350[7]),
- *Atzcarat* (1366[7]),
- *Azquarat* (1413[7]),
- *Axcarat* (1513,[8] Titles of [Pamplona](/source/Pamplona)[9]),
- *Axcarate* (1621,[8] Martin Biscay[10]), and
- *Sanctus Julianus d'Ascarat* (1763,[8] Collations of the [Diocese of Bayonne](/source/Diocese_of_Bayonne)[11]).

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan indicated that the name is composed of *aitz* ("rock") and *garate* ("high place"), giving "a height of rocks".[7]

*Chubitoa* was a hamlet in Ascarat and Anhaux, mentioned in 1863[12]

*Jauréguy* was a fief, vassal of the [Kingdom of Navarre](/source/Kingdom_of_Navarre), cited in the 1863 dictionary[13] as was *Larragoyen*.[14]

The commune name in [basque](/source/Basque_language) is *Azkarate*.[2][4]

## History

The parish was mentioned in 1256 and was "ravaged by soldiers" in 1396.[15]

In 1391 [Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry](/source/Saint-%C3%89tienne-de-Ba%C3%AFgorry) included the modern communes of [Anhaux](/source/Anhaux), Ascarat, [Irouléguy](/source/Iroul%C3%A9guy), and [Lasse](/source/Lasse,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques).[16]

## Administration

**List of Successive Mayors**[17]

From To Name Party Position 1995 2020 Jean-Michel Galant AB General Councillor 2020 2026 Philippe Etchenique

### Inter-communality

The commune is part of nine inter-communal structures:[18]

- the [Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque](/source/Communaut%C3%A9_d'agglom%C3%A9ration_du_Pays_Basque);
- the SIVOS of Garazi;
- the SIVU Hiruen Artean;
- the AEP association of Anhice;
- the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
- the inter-communal association for sanitation of Ur Garbi;
- the inter-communal association for the management and development of the abattoir at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port;
- the joint association for the [Drainage basin](/source/Drainage_basin) of the Nive;
- the association to support Basque culture.

## Demography

Historical population Year Pop. ±% 1793 334 — 1821 369 +10.5% 1846 445 +20.6% 1872 360 −19.1% 1901 338 −6.1% 1926 323 −4.4% 1946 348 +7.7% 1962 274 −21.3% 1968 283 +3.3% 1975 282 −0.4% 1982 294 +4.3% 1990 294 +0.0% 1999 275 −6.5% 2007 284 +3.3% 2012 313 +10.2% 2017 321 +2.6% 2023 348 +8.4%

EHESS[19] and INSEE[20]

## Economy

The commune is part of the production zone of the [Appellation d'origine contrôlée](/source/Appellation_d'origine_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e) (AOC) of [Irouléguy](/source/Iroul%C3%A9guy_(AOC)) and also of the AOC zone of [Ossau-iraty](/source/Ossau-iraty).

Economic activity is mainly agricultural.

## Culture and heritage

### Civil heritage

There are several houses and farms in the commune which are registered as historical monuments. These are:

- **Uhaldea House** (18th century)[21]
- **Harizpea Farm** (1587)[22]
- **Chateau de Vergues** (or Chateau de Fargas) (18th century)[23]
- **Houses and Farms** (17th-19th centuries)[24]

### Religious heritage

The **Church of Saint-Julien-d'Antioche** is of medieval origin was heavily rebuilt in the 18th and 19th century.[25]

## Notable people linked to the commune

- **Pierre Narbaitz**, born in 1910 at Ascarat and died in 1984 at [Cambo-les-Bains](/source/Cambo-les-Bains), was a [historian](/source/Historian), writer, and a [basque](/source/Basques) French academic of the [Basque](/source/Basque_language) and [French languages](/source/French_language).

## See also

- [Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department](/source/Communes_of_the_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques_department)

## References

1. ["Répertoire national des élus: les maires"](https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503) (in French). *data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises*. 2 December 2020.

1. [AZKARATE](https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/en/azkarate/ar-21407/), [Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia](/source/Au%C3%B1amendi_Encyclopedia) (in Spanish)

1. [Brigitte Jobbé-Duval](/source/Brigitte_Jobb%C3%A9-Duval), *Dictionary of place names - Pyrénées-Atlantiques*, 2009, Archives and Culture, ISBN 978-2-35077-151-9 (in French)

1. [Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language](http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/index.php?option=com_eoda&view=toponimia&Itemid=471&nonkodea=6.4&lang=fr) (Basque)

1. [Google Maps](https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ascarat/@43.1782749,-1.2510074,6652m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0xd512a109eff9919:0x3d2f6faccc832c78?hl=en)

1. [Géoportail](http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-1.2539,43.1714&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes), [IGN](/source/Institut_g%C3%A9ographique_national) (in French)

1. Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, *New Basque Toponymy*, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, ISBN 2 86781 396 4 (in French)

1. [*Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC), [Paul Raymond](/source/Paul_Raymond_(archivist)), Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011, p. 15 (in French)

1. Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda (in French)

1. *Derecho de naturaleza que la merindad de San-Juan-del-pie-del-puerto, una de las seys de Navarra, tiene en Castilla - 1622 petit in-4°* (in Spanish)

1. Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (in French)

1. [*Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC), p. 50 (in French)

1. [*Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC), p. 85 (in French)

1. [*Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2TCHmbiipFIC), p. 94 (in French)

1. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée (in French)

1. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée (in French)

1. [List of Mayors of France](http://www.francegenweb.org/mairesgenweb/resultcommune.php?id=22172) (in French)

1. [Intercommunality of Pyrénées-Atlantiques](http://comdpt.pyrenees-atlantiques.pref.gouv.fr/ComDpt64/ComGrp.php?siren=216400663&licom=Ascarat) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140512220257/http://comdpt.pyrenees-atlantiques.pref.gouv.fr/ComDpt64/ComGrp.php?siren=216400663&licom=Ascarat) 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, Cellule informatique préfecture 64, consulted on 2 March 2012 (in French)

1. [Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023](https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8643952?geo=COM-64066#tableau-POPREF_G1), INSEE

1. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée (in French)

1. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée (in French)

1. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée (in French)

1. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée (in French)

1. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée (in French)

## External links

- [Ascarat on Géoportail](http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=-1.2539,43.1714&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes), [National Geographic Institute](/source/Institut_g%C3%A9ographique_national) (IGN) website (in French)
- [*Azcarat* on the 1750 Cassini Map](http://rumsey.geogarage.com/maps/cassinige.html?lat=43.1714&lon=-1.2539&zoom=13)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ascarat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascarat) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascarat?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.