# Arthrinium

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{{Short description|Genus of fungi}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Arthrinium hysterinum (10.3897-mycokeys.49.32115) Figure 8.jpg
| image_caption = ''Arthrinium hysterinum''
| taxon = Arthrinium
| authority = [Kunze](/source/Gustav_Kunze) (1817)
| type_species = ''[Arthrinium caricicola](/source/Arthrinium_caricicola)''
| type_species_authority = [Kunze](/source/Gustav_Kunze) (1817)
| synonyms = ''Camptoum'' <small>Link & [L.](/source/L.)  (1824)</small><br>
''Gonatosporium'' <small>Corda (1839)</small><br>
''Goniosporium'' <small>Link (1809)</small><br>
''Microtypha'' <small>Speg. (1911)</small><br>
''Phaeoharziella'' <small>Loubière (1924)</small><br>
''Pseudobasidium'' <small>Tengwall (1924)</small><br>
''Racemosporium'' <small>Moreau & V. Moreau (1941)</small><br>
''Rhinocephalum'' <small>Kamyschko (1961)</small><br>
''Sporophleum'' <small>Nees ex Link, L. (1824)</small><br>
''Tureenia'' <small>J.G.Hall (1915)</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Mycobank" />
}}

'''''Arthrinium''''' is a genus of minute disease-causing [fungi](/source/fungi) which belong to the family [Apiosporaceae](/source/Apiosporaceae) and which are parasitic on [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant)s such as [sedges](/source/Carex).  These fungi have an [anamorph](/source/anamorph)ic life cycle stage where spores are produced asexually in structures called [conidia](/source/conidia) and a [teleomorph](/source/teleomorph)ic stage where sexual spores are produced in [asci](/source/ascus).<ref name="GBIF"/><ref name="Pintos 2019"/>

Historically the name ''Arthrinum'' represented the [anamorph](/source/anamorph) form and a different genus name was used for the [teleomorph](/source/teleomorph) form; however after a decision in 2011 one name or the other has to be selected as the current name for all cases.  The corresponding  teleomorph-derived name varies from species to species of ''Arthrinium'' but most commonly it is ''[Apiospora](/source/Apiospora)'', for instance the teleomorph synonym of the species ''Arthrinium balearicum'' is ''Apiospora balearica''.  There is a tendency to prefer the teleomorph name and the genus name ''Arthrinium'' is not the current official one for all species.<ref name="Pintos 2019"/><ref name=SF/>

The genus was first described by [Gustav Kunze](/source/Gustav_Kunze) in 1817.<ref name="GBIF" />

The genus has a [cosmopolitan distribution](/source/cosmopolitan_distribution).<ref name="GBIF" />

''Arthrinium caricola''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=D. L. |last2=Chang |first2=S. C. |last3=Lin |first3=S. C. |last4=Doong |first4=M. L. |last5=Jong |first5=S. C. |title=Production of 3-nitropropionic acid by Arthrinium species |journal=Current Microbiology  |date=1994 |volume=28 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1007/BF01575978 |url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US9507900 |language=English |issn=0343-8651|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and ''A. saccharicola'' produce the mitochondrial toxin [3-nitropropanoic acid](/source/3-nitropropanoic_acid).<ref name="saccharicola"/>

Selected species:
* ''[Arthrinium caricicola](/source/Arthrinium_caricicola)''
* ''[Arthrinium carinatum](/source/Arthrinium_carinatum)''
* ''[Arthrinium phaeospermum](/source/Arthrinium_phaeospermum)''
* ''[Arthrinium puccinioides](/source/Arthrinium_puccinioides)''
* ''[Arthrinium sphaerospermum](/source/Arthrinium_sphaerospermum)''
* ''[Arthrinium saccharicola](/source/Arthrinium_saccharicola)''<ref name="saccharicola"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="GBIF">{{cite web |title=Arthrinium Kunze |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2569332 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=18 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

<ref name="Mycobank" >{{cite web|url=https://www.mycobank.org/page/Name%20details%20page/field/Mycobank%20%23/7214|title=Mycobank: ''Arthrinium''|accessdate=2021-02-19}}</ref>

<ref name="Pintos 2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pintos Á, Alvarado P, Planas J, Jarling R |title=Six new species of ''Arthrinium'' from Europe and notes about ''A. caricicola'' and other species found in ''Carex'' spp. hosts |journal=MycoKeys |year=2019 |issue=49 |pages=15–48 |doi=10.3897/mycokeys.49.32115 |doi-access=free |pmid=30918449 |pmc=6424953 }}</ref>

<ref name=SF>{{cite web |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/GSDSpecies.asp?RecordID=837665 |title=the ''Apiospora balearica'' page |work=Species Fungorum |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Kew |accessdate=2021-01-28 }}</ref>

<ref name="saccharicola">{{cite journal |vauthors=Birkelund T et al.
|title=Fatal 3-Nitropropionic Acid Poisoning after Consuming Coconut Water|journal=Emerg. Infect. Dis.|year=2021|volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=278–280 |doi=10.3201/eid2701.202222|pmid=33350928 |pmc=7774558}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
*[https://www.gbif.org/species/2569332 Images & occurrence data for ''Arthrinium''] from [GBIF](/source/GBIF)

{{Taxonbar|from=Q4896874}}

Category:Enigmatic Sordariomycetes taxa
Category:Sordariomycetes genera

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Arthrinium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrinium) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrinium?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.