# Artedidraco

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***Artedidraco*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of marine [ray-finned fishes](/source/Ray-finned_fish) belonging to the [subfamily](/source/Subfamily) [Artedidraconinae](/source/Artedidraconinae), the barbeled plunderfishes. They are native to the [Southern Ocean](/source/Southern_Ocean).

## Taxonomy

*Artedidraco* was first described as a genus in 1905 by the Swedish [zoologist](/source/Zoologist) Einar Lönnberg when he created the genus for *Artedidraco mirus*, a new species of fish from [South Georgia](/source/South_Georgia) he was [describing](/source/Species_description) following the collection of its [types](/source/Type_(biology)) by the [Swedish Antarctic Expedition](/source/Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition). As it was the only species in the new genus it was the [type species](/source/Type_species) by [monotypy](/source/Monotypy).[2][1] The generic name is a compound of Artedi, honouring the Swedish [naturalist](/source/Naturalist) [Peter Artedi](/source/Peter_Artedi) who was known as the "father of [ichthyology](/source/Ichthyology)", and who was born 200 years before Lönnberg described *A. mirus* with *draco*, from *dracœna* meaning "dragon" an [ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) name for the [weeverfish](/source/Weeverfish) genus *[Trachinus](/source/Trachinus)* , although this may be a reference to the relationship Lönnberg mentioned to *[Draconetta](/source/Draconetta)* which was thought to be a member of the Nototheniidae at that time.[3]

## Species

There are currently 7 recognized species in this genus:[4]

- *[Artedidraco glareobarbatus](/source/Artedidraco_glareobarbatus)* [Eastman](/source/Joseph_T._Eastman) & [Eakin](/source/Richard_R._Eakin_(zoologist)), 1999
- *[Artedidraco longibarbatus](/source/Artedidraco_longibarbatus)* Eakin, [Riginella](/source/Emilio_Riginella) & [La Mesa](/source/Mario_La_Mesa), 2015 (Long-beard plunderfish) [5]
- *[Artedidraco lonnbergi](/source/Artedidraco_lonnbergi)* [Roule](/source/Louis_Roule), 1913
- *[Artedidraco mirus](/source/Artedidraco_mirus)* [Lönnberg](/source/Einar_L%C3%B6nnberg), 1905
- *[Artedidraco orianae](/source/Artedidraco_orianae)* [Regan](/source/Charles_Tate_Regan), 1914
- *[Artedidraco shackletoni](/source/Artedidraco_shackletoni)* [Waite](/source/Edgar_Ravenswood_Waite), 1911
- *[Artedidraco skottsbergi](/source/Artedidraco_skottsbergi)* Lönnberg, 1905

## Characteristics

*Artedidraco* is the [type genus](/source/Type_genus) of the family Artedidraconidae and so has many of the features characteristic of that family. Within the Atredidraconidae this genus is separated from the others by the first [dorsal fin](/source/Dorsal_fin) being located above the [pectoral fin](/source/Pectoral_fin) base. Their heads have a width which is roughly the same as their depth and the post temporal ridges are weakly developed. The snout is shorter than the diameter of the eye and the space between the eyes is narrow. The mental [barbel](/source/Barbel_(anatomy)), the barbel on the chin which characterises the barbeled plunderfishes, is tapered or expanded towards its tip. They have small jaws which are equipped with small conical teeth arranged in a band of many series of teeth. The upper [lateral line](/source/Lateral_line) has tubed scales at the head end and towards the caudal fin it normally has disc shaped scales, the middle lateral line consist of disc-shaped scales.[6] The maximum [total length](/source/Total_length) of these fishes varies from 11 cm (4.3 in) in *A. lonnbergi* to 15.1 cm (5.9 in) in *A. orianae*.[4]

## Distribution, habitat and biology

*Artedidraco* is found in the coastal waters of the Antarctic continent with one species, *A. mirus* occurring as far north as South Georgia. They are found in the nearshore [sublittoral](/source/Sublittoral) zone and on the [continental shelf](/source/Continental_shelf) and have been recorded as deep as 800 m (2,600 ft). Their biology is little known but the species in this genus feed largely on [polychaetes](/source/Polychaetes) and small [crustaceans](/source/Crustaceans).[6]

## References

1. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (eds.) (12 April 2021). ["Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae"](https://etyfish.org/perciformes7/). *The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database*. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 5 October 2021.

1. Eakin, R.R., Riginella, E. & La Mesa, M. (2015): A new species of *Artedidraco* (Pisces: Artedidraconidae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. *Polar Biology, 38 (10): 1597-1603.*

1. R. Eakin (1990). ["Artedidraconidae Barbeled plunderfishes"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240475#page/353/mode/1up). *Fishes of the Southern Ocean*. O. Gon & P.C. Heemstra (eds.). South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 9780868102115.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Artedidraco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artedidraco) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artedidraco?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.