# Art punk

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Experimental punk rock genre

"Avant-punk" redirects here. For other uses, see [Experimental rock](/source/Experimental_rock).

Art punk Stylistic origins Punk rock avant-garde art rock experimental rock Cultural origins Mid-1970s, United States and United Kingdom Regional scenes Brixton, London Other topics Art pop post-hardcore post-punk avant-rock pub rock progressive rock egg punk noise rock art music punk jazz

**Art punk** is a subgenre of [punk rock](/source/Punk_rock) influenced by [art school](/source/Art_school) culture in which artists go beyond the genre's rudimentary [three-chord](/source/Three-chord_song) [garage rock](/source/Garage_rock) conventions, incorporating more complex song structures, esoteric influences and a more sophisticated sound and image.[1] While retaining punk's simplicity and rawness, art punk draws more from [avant-garde music](/source/Avant-garde_music), literature and abstract art than other punk subgenres, often intersecting with the more experimental branches of the [post-punk](/source/Post-punk) scene. Subsequently, attracting opposing audiences to that of the angry, working-class ones that surrounded the original [punk rock](/source/Punk_rock) scene.[2]

## Etymology

[Jerry Harrison](/source/Jerry_Harrison) (left) and [David Byrne](/source/David_Byrne) (right) of art-punk band [Talking Heads](/source/Talking_Heads) performing at [Jay's Longhorn Bar](/source/Jay's_Longhorn_Bar) in [Minneapolis](/source/Minneapolis), 1978

On December 12, 1977, writer Stanley Mieses of *[Melody Maker](/source/Melody_Maker)* used the term "art-punk" to describe the American band [Devo](/source/Devo).[3] In 2004, music historian Ian Gittins noted that the term "art-punk" began to be used prominently by several music publications during the [post-punk](/source/Post-punk) era primarily to describe artists deemed too sophisticated and out of step with [punk's dogma](/source/Punk_ideologies), though some critics used it as a [pejorative](/source/Pejorative). Gittins stated:[1]

In the post-punk years at the end of the 1970s, it became a lazy journalistic habit to refer to certain groups as “art-punks”. This generally meant no more than that they delivered [garage rock](/source/Garage_rock)’s adrenalin rush with a moderate degree of intelligence (i.e. they weren't [Sham 69](/source/Sham_69)). Some fundamentalist critics even flung the term at bands as an insult, implying they weren't as “authentic” as punk's dogma: demanded. You had to “mean it, maan” as [Johnny Rotten](/source/Johnny_Rotten) once drawled (even though, with [Public Image Limited](/source/Public_Image_Limited), Rotten was to later prove himself the most contrary art-punk of all).

In the rock music of the 1970s, the "art" descriptor was generally understood to mean either "aggressively avant-garde" or "pretentiously progressive".[4] Musicologists [Simon Frith](/source/Simon_Frith) and Howard Horne described the band managers of the 1970s punk bands as "the most articulate theorists of the art punk movement", with Bob Last of [Fast Product](/source/Fast_Product) identified as one of the first to apply art theory to marketing, and [Tony Wilson](/source/Tony_Wilson)'s [Factory Records](/source/Factory_Records) described as "applying the [Bauhaus](/source/Bauhaus) principle of the same 'look' for all the company's goods".[5] [Wire](/source/Wire_(band))'s [Colin Newman](/source/Colin_Newman) described art punk in 2006 as "the drug of choice of a whole generation".[6][7]

## Characteristics

Art-punk artists often utilize angular guitar riffs, intricate rhythms, and a wide array of influences equal to that of [post-punk](/source/Post-punk) which included but was not limited to [krautrock](/source/Krautrock), [dub](/source/Dub_music), [funk](/source/Funk), [free jazz](/source/Free_jazz) and [glam](/source/Glam_rock).[8] Music critic [Simon Reynolds](/source/Simon_Reynolds) in his book, *[Rip It Up and Start Again](/source/Rip_It_Up_and_Start_Again)*,[9] attributed the rise of avant-garde movements like art punk and post-punk in the late 1970s to British government art school grants and funding:

Especially in Britain, art schools have long functioned as a state-subsidized [bohemia](/source/Bohemia), where [working-class](/source/Working-class) youths too unruly for a life of labor mingle with slumming [bourgeois](/source/Bourgeois) kids too wayward for a [middle-management](/source/Middle-management) career.

Author [Gavin Butt](/source/Gavin_Butt)[10] writes that:

People went to art school to be in a band. That was even the principle principal reason they went […] this was because art school was a place where you could get a local authority grant, have the costs of your tuition paid for by the government, and have three years to do whatever you wanted.

Additionally, post-punk and art punk are not mutually exclusive and frequently intersect. Although, some artists such as [Patti Smith](/source/Patti_Smith) have been described as "art punk" with no relation to the post-punk scene.[11] Art punk is defined as a more avant-garde and artier form of [punk music](/source/Punk_rock), blending poetry, literary and abstract influences and general art school culture with the genre. British post-punk bands such as [Wire](/source/Wire_(band)), [Gang of Four](/source/Gang_of_Four_(band)), [Pere Ubu](/source/Pere_Ubu), [Delta 5](/source/Delta_5) and [the Raincoats](/source/The_Raincoats) have been described as "art punk" by [*Louder*](/source/Louder_(magazine)), who define art punk as "bands obsessed with the form of their music, of avoiding ‘[rockist](/source/Rockist)' clichés and aiming for something more avant-garde and challenging".[12]

Art punk is often marked by well-read musicians with middle-class sensibilities, bookish lyrics, art school backgrounds, and a stripped-back fashion style that rejects [punk fashion](/source/Punk_fashion) clichés (as seen with bands like [Talking Heads](/source/Talking_Heads), [the Fall](/source/The_Fall_(band)) and [Wire](/source/Wire_(band))).[9]

## History

### Forerunners

[Brian Eno](/source/Brian_Eno) on [AVRO](/source/AVRO)'s television program *[TopPop](/source/TopPop)*, April 1974

See also: [Art rock](/source/Art_rock)

Art punk drew influences from [art rock](/source/Art_rock) bands like [the Velvet Underground](/source/The_Velvet_Underground).[13] According to [*Pitchfork*](/source/Pitchfork_(website)), musicians [Mayo Thompson](/source/Mayo_Thompson), [Captain Beefheart](/source/Captain_Beefheart), and [Lou Reed](/source/Lou_Reed) were "the primary oracle for a generation of art punks".[14] The publication had also stated that groups such as "[the Fall](/source/The_Fall_(band)), [Public Image, Ltd.](/source/Public_Image_Ltd), and [the Minutemen](/source/Minutemen_(band)) split Beefheart's structural innovations into new branches of art-punk".[15] [Experimental rock](/source/Avant-rock) artists such as the [Monks](/source/Monks_(band)),[16] along with Germany's [krautrock](/source/Krautrock) groups such as [Faust](/source/Faust_(band)) and [Can](/source/Can_(band)) were also influential to the genre.[17][18]

By the early 1970s, English art rock band [Roxy Music](/source/Roxy_Music)[19] emerged, singer [Bryan Ferry](/source/Bryan_Ferry) had briefly attended art school,[20] while keyboardist [Brian Eno](/source/Brian_Eno), drew influences from Germany's krautrock scene, alongside frequent collaborator [David Bowie](/source/David_Bowie), who would also collaborate with [Iggy Pop](/source/Iggy_Pop),[21] on his solo album [*The Idiot*](/source/The_Idiot_(album)), and released the [Berlin Trilogy](/source/Berlin_Trilogy).[22] Brian Eno released influential art rock albums such as *[Here Come the Warm Jets](/source/Here_Come_the_Warm_Jets)* and *[Taking Tiger Mountain (By Strategy)](/source/Taking_Tiger_Mountain_(By_Strategy))*, and later produced for art punk bands like [Television](/source/Television_(band)), [Devo](/source/Devo) and [Talking Heads](/source/Talking_Heads) as well as the *[No New York](/source/No_New_York)* compilation album.

[Talking Heads](/source/Talking_Heads) performing in 1978 with Harrison (left), Frantz (middle) and Byrne (right).

### 1970s–1980s: Origins

See also: [Punk rock](/source/Punk_rock) and [Post-punk](/source/Post-punk)

During the early-to-mid 1970s, [New York City](/source/New_York_City) artists such as [Television](/source/Television_(band)), [Patti Smith](/source/Patti_Smith), [Richard Hell and the Voidoids](/source/Richard_Hell_and_the_Voidoids) and [Talking Heads](/source/Talking_Heads) would emerge from the burgeoning early NYC punk scene, performing at local clubs like [CBGB](/source/CBGB) and [Max's Kansas City](/source/Max's_Kansas_City). Their music blended the raw energy of early punk with influences from [poetry](/source/Poetry) as well as local art and avant-garde scenes, contrasting with what would become the standard rudimentary punk sound associated with British [pub rock](/source/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)) and American acts like [the New York Dolls](/source/The_New_York_Dolls), [Heartbreakers](/source/The_Heartbreakers), [Dead Boys](/source/Dead_Boys) and [Ramones](/source/Ramones).[9]

[Talking Heads](/source/Talking_Heads), originally known as "the Artistics," formed while studying at the [Rhode Island School of Design](/source/Rhode_Island_School_of_Design) in 1975.[23] In [Ohio](/source/Cleveland_punk), bands such as [Devo](/source/Devo), [Mirrors](/source/Mirrors_(Ohio_band)), [the Styrenes](/source/The_Styrenes), [Electric Eels](/source/Electric_Eels_(band)),[24] and [Pere Ubu](/source/Pere_Ubu) would form, blending [garage rock](/source/Garage_rock) and [proto-punk](/source/Proto-punk) with [avant-garde](/source/Avant-garde) experimentation.[25] Additionally, [Oklahoma](/source/Oklahoma) band Debris' who merged [the Stooges](/source/The_Stooges) with [Beefheart](/source/Beefheart), [acid rock](/source/Acid_rock) and early [Roxy Music](/source/Roxy_Music) have been described as a "proto-art-punk band".[26][27] Other early art punk groups were often formed at art schools or composed primarily of musicians who had studied at art schools.[28][9]

In 1975, [Patti Smith](/source/Patti_Smith) released her debut album *[Horses](/source/Horses_(album))* produced by [John Cale](/source/John_Cale) previously of the Velvet Underground. The album was retroactively described by *[AllMusic](/source/AllMusic)* as "essentially the first art punk album".[11] Subsequently, retrospective reviews cited [Television](/source/Television_(band))’s debut album *[Marquee Moon](/source/Marquee_Moon)* as "jazzy art punk,"[29] and Talking Heads as graduating from an "art punk jangle to maximalist post-modern funk orchestra".[30]

In the UK, the [post-punk](/source/Post-punk) scene often intersected with art punk, bands such as [the Fall](/source/The_Fall_(band)), [the Raincoats](/source/The_Raincoats), [Public Image Ltd](/source/Public_Image_Ltd) and [Magazine](/source/Magazine_(band)) being attributed the label interchangeably with post-punk.[12] Author [Gavin Butt](/source/Gavin_Butt) linked art education as a "really important part of the cultural ecology" of [Leeds](/source/Leeds)-based bands such as [Delta 5](/source/Delta_5), [Gang of Four](/source/Gang_of_Four_(band)), [Scritti Politti](/source/Scritti_Politti) and [the Mekons](/source/The_Mekons).[31]

New York City [punk](/source/Punk_rock) pioneers [Television](/source/Television_(band)) were later labeled a pioneering art punk band

However, [Simon Reynolds](/source/Simon_Reynolds)[9] cites that not all bands in the British post-punk scene had gone to art school:

Some accused these experimentalists of merely lapsing back into the [art rock](/source/Art_rock) elitism that punk originally aimed to destroy […] Of course, not everyone in postpunk attended art school, or even college. Self-educated […] figures like [John Lydon](/source/John_Lydon) or [Mark E. Smith](/source/Mark_E._Smith) […] fit the syndrome of the anti-intellectual intellectual.

By late 1977, English band [Wire](/source/Wire_(band)) released their debut album *[Pink Flag](/source/Pink_Flag)*, marking the start of a string of highly influential records—including *[Chairs Missing](/source/Chairs_Missing)* and *[154](/source/154_(album))* that would go on to define and lay the groundwork for art punk and broader [alternative music](/source/Alternative_rock).[32][33] Other bands such as [Swell Maps](/source/Swell_Maps) whose debut single "Read About Seymour" gained cult success after being played on the [John Peel show](/source/John_Peel), blended [DIY](/source/Do-it-yourself_ethic) sensibilities with more experimental and artier influences. Their albums [*A Trip to Marinevill*e](/source/A_Trip_to_Marineville) and *[Jane from Occupied Europe](/source/Jane_from_Occupied_Europe)*, later became staple art punk releases.[34]

By the early 1980s, bands such as [the Feelies](/source/The_Feelies) came to further define the genre, with their debut album "[Crazy Rhythms](/source/Crazy_Rhythms)*"*being described as "oddball art punk".[35] Followed by, Kansas band [the Embarrassment](/source/The_Embarrassment) described as "Midwest art-punk heroes", who blended the nerdy sound of [Jonathan Richman](/source/Jonathan_Richman)'s [*The Modern Lovers*](/source/The_Modern_Lovers_(album)) with the quirky, cerebral style of [Talking Heads](/source/Talking_Heads).[36] Audiences noted that "they looked more like nerds than punks", resulting in the band being retrospectively assessed as a template for [geek rock](/source/Geek_rock).[37][38] In England, the band [Cardiacs](/source/Cardiacs) made [avant-prog](/source/Avant-prog) and [post-punk](/source/Post-punk) influenced [art rock](/source/Art_rock), with [the Guardian](/source/The_Guardian) describing the song *[R.E.S.](/source/The_Seaside_(album))* as an "art-punk [Bohemian Rhapsody](/source/Bohemian_Rhapsody)".[39]

Subsequently, groups such as [the Slits](/source/The_Slits), [Alternative TV](/source/Alternative_TV), [Au Pairs](/source/Au_Pairs), [the Flying Lizards](/source/The_Flying_Lizards) and [the Pop Group](/source/The_Pop_Group) would further develop the art punk sound, crafting songs that blended abstract lyrics and avant-garde music with [punk](/source/Punk_rock) and [post-punk](/source/Post-punk) elements, whilst bands such as [Half Japanese](/source/Half_Japanese),[40] [the Birthday Party](/source/The_Birthday_Party_(band)), and [Blurt](/source/Blurt) incorporated a [noise rock](/source/Noise_rock) influence.[41][42] Later, the New York [no wave](/source/No_wave) scene also saw brief intersections with art punk, evinced by artists like [James Chance and the Contortions](/source/James_Chance_and_the_Contortions), [Rosa Yemen](/source/Rosa_Yemen), [Mars](/source/Mars_(band)), [Theoretical Girls](/source/Theoretical_Girls), [the Static](/source/The_Static), A Band, [Teenage Jesus and the Jerks](/source/Teenage_Jesus_and_the_Jerks), and most notably [Sonic Youth](/source/Sonic_Youth).

[Californian](/source/California) punk bands such as [MX-80 Sound](/source/MX-80_Sound) and [the Minutemen](/source/Minutemen_(band)) took influences from [jazz](/source/Jazz_fusion), blending intricate rhythms, and unconventional song structures to create a more experimental and cerebral form of punk.

The scene also took form internationally, Anna Szemere traces the beginnings of the [Hungarian](/source/Hungary) art-punk subculture to 1978, when punk band the Spions performed three concerts which drew on conceptualist [performance art](/source/Performance_art) and [Antonin Artaud](/source/Antonin_Artaud)'s *[Theatre of Cruelty](/source/Theatre_of_Cruelty)*, with neo-avant-garde/[anarchist](/source/Anarchism) manifestos handed out to the audience.[43]

### Late 1980s–1990s

See also: [C86](/source/C86)

In Ireland, the band [Stump](/source/Stump_(band)) drew influence from [Captain Beefheart](/source/Captain_Beefheart) and [Pere Ubu](/source/Pere_Ubu) further developing the sound of art punk into the late '80s, as they were featured on the [NME's](/source/NME) infamous [C86 cassette compilation](/source/C86), alongside other art punk groups such as the [Manchester](/source/Manchester)-based band [bIG*fLAME](/source/Big_Flame_(band)).[44]

By the late 1980s to early 1990s, Scottish bands like [Country Teasers](/source/Country_Teasers) and [Dog Faced Hermans](/source/Dog_Faced_Hermans) emerged from the scene, with the latter forming in art school. They continued the legacy of experimental and art-driven punk, though they were preceded by [the Fire Engines](/source/The_Fire_Engines) a few years earlier.[45] Subsequently, American band [Thinking Fellers Union Local 282](/source/Thinking_Fellers_Union_Local_282) blended the sound of experimental art punk with that of [indie rock](/source/Indie_rock).[46][47]

*[The Guardian](/source/The_Guardian)* described [Parquet Courts](/source/Parquet_Courts) as "agitated art-punk".[48]

### 2000s–2010s

See also: [Windmill scene](/source/Windmill_scene) and [Crank wave](/source/Crank_wave)

In the early 2000s, the [post-punk revival](/source/Post-punk_revival) scene briefly revived the art punk sound with bands like [the Rapture](/source/The_Rapture_(band)), and the [Yeah Yeah Yeahs](/source/Yeah_Yeah_Yeahs), the latter being labeled by [the Guardian](/source/The_Guardian) as "New York's favourite art-punk rockers".[49][50]

During the 2010s, Canadian groups such as [Preoccupations](/source/Preoccupations), [Ought](/source/Ought_(band)) and [Women](/source/Women_(band)), alongside American bands like [Protomartyr](/source/Protomartyr_(band)) and [Parquet Courts](/source/Parquet_Courts). While Australian band [Tropical Fuck Storm](/source/Tropical_Fuck_Storm), Danish band [Iceage](/source/Iceage) and Ireland's [Gilla Band](/source/Gilla_Band) continued to develop the art-punk sound. Additionally, the [egg punk](/source/Egg_punk) scene pioneered by Indiana-based punk trio the Coneheads,[51] and later proliferated by groups like [Uranium Club](/source/Uranium_Club)[52] and [Snõõper](/source/Sn%C3%B5%C3%B5per) who incorporated art-punk elements.[53]

By the late 2010s and early 2020s, a new wave of UK and Irish post-punk bands began to gain popularity. Originally emerging out of Brixton's [Windmill scene](/source/Windmill_scene), terms such as "crank wave" and "post-Brexit new wave" were used to describe these bands,[54][55] who blended the more experimental sides of post-punk with [post-rock](/source/Post-rock), [no wave](/source/No_wave) and other art-based influences, some of these bands include [Squid](/source/Squid_(band)),[56] [Parquet Courts](/source/Parquet_Courts),[57] [Dry Cleaning](/source/Dry_Cleaning_(band)), [Fat White Family](/source/Fat_White_Family), [Shame](/source/Shame_(band)), [Black Country, New Road](/source/Black_Country%2C_New_Road), [Idles](/source/Idles) and [Yard Act](/source/Yard_Act).[58]

## See also

- [List of art punk bands](/source/List_of_art_punk_bands)

- [Art music](/source/Art_music)

- [Art pop](/source/Art_pop)

- [Avant-garde music](/source/Avant-garde_music)

- [Postmodern music](/source/Postmodern_music)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGittins20045_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGittins20045_1-1) [Gittins 2004](#CITEREFGittins2004), p. 5.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Mieses, Stanley (1978-05-20). ["Jack Bruce sell-out"](https://www.worldradiohistory.com/UK/Melody-Maker/70s/77/Melody-Maker-1977-12-03.pdf) (PDF). p. 6. Retrieved 11 November 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ArtPunkMurray_4-0)** Murray, Noel (May 28, 2015). ["60 minutes of music that sum up art-punk pioneers Wire"](http://www.avclub.com/article/60-minutes-music-sum-art-punk-pioneers-wire-219113). *[The A.V. Club](/source/The_A.V._Club)*.

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## Bibliography

- [Frith, Simon](/source/Simon_Frith) (1989). [*Facing the Music: A Pantheon Guide to Popular Culture*](https://archive.org/details/facingmusicpanth00frit). [Pantheon Books](/source/Pantheon_Books). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-394-55849-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-55849-9).

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- MacDonald, Ian (1998). *Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties*. London: Pimlico. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-7126-6697-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-6697-8).

- Heylin, Clinton (2007). [*Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ymlLAAAAYAAJ). Canongate Books Ltd. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1841958798](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1841958798).

v t e New wave and post-punk Associated genres or scenes Avant-funk Alternative dance Grebo Art punk Calgary sound Coldwave Crank wave Dance-rock Dance-punk New rave Deathrock Dark wave Ethereal wave Neoclassical Electroclash Electropunk Garage rock revival Gothic rock Indie pop Indie surf Jangle pop Madchester Baggy Minimal wave Minneapolis sound Mod revival Neo-psychedelia Dream pop Shoegaze Neue Deutsche Welle New musick New pop New Romantic New wave of new wave No wave Post-hardcore Post-punk revival Romo Sophisti-pop Egg punk Synth-pop Electro house Electropop Freestyle 2 Tone Ultra Windmill scene Lists New wave artists Post-punk bands Synth-pop artists Other topics C86 CBGB Chillwave Electro New Wave Theatre Neue Deutsche Welle Neue Deutsche Härte La Movida Madrileña Little band scene Punk rock Industrial Rip It Up and Start Again Second British Invasion Sounds Synthwave Vaporwave Doomer wave Yugoslav new wave

v t e Punk rock Precursors Garage rock Proto-punk Subgenres and fusion genres 2 tone Afro-punk Anarcho-punk Crust punk Crack rock steady Crustcore D-beat Art punk Biker metal Christian punk Christian hardcore Cowpunk Dance-punk Dark cabaret Egg punk Emo Emo pop Emo rap Emo revival Midwest emo Screamo Folk punk Anti-folk Celtic punk Gypsy punk Garage punk Glam punk Hardcore punk Beatdown hardcore Bent edge Crossover thrash Digital hardcore Krishnacore Melodic hardcore Metalcore Deathcore Electronicore Crunkcore Nintendocore Mathcore Melodic metalcore Progressive metalcore Incelcore Post-hardcore Emo revival Queercore Riot grrrl Shaman punk Taqwacore Thrashcore Horror punk Latino punk Nazi punk New wave Oi! Street punk Pop-punk Skate punk Post-punk Post-punk revival Ultra Progressive punk Psychobilly Punk blues Punk funk Punk jazz Jazzcore Punk metal Punk pathetique Punk rap Rapcore Reggae punk Ska punk Third wave ska Street punk Surf punk Synth-punk Visual kei Related genres Alternative rock Grebo Grunge Indie rock By country Australia Brazil Canada Estonia List of bands France Germany Greece Netherlands Spain Basque Radical Rock Sweden Könsrock Trallpunk United Kingdom Celtic punk Scottish Gaelic punk United States California Ohio Yugoslavia People and groups First wave punk musicians Second wave punk musicians List of punk rock bands, 0–K List of punk rock bands, L–Z Punk filmmakers Women in punk rock Related articles List of neo-Nazi bands List of punk compilation albums List of punk rock festivals Animal rights and punk subculture Conservative Punk Killing of Brian Deneke DIY ethic Moshing Poseur Punk subculture Punk fashion Punk ideologies Punk visual art Punk literature Punk zine Puntala-rock Straight edge Punk films list Timeline of punk rock Scene Emos vs. Punks

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Art punk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_punk) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_punk?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.