# Arpitania > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Arpitania > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Arpitania.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpitania > Source revision: 1346162073 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Cultural region in the Western Alps}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Arpitania | native_name = {{lang|frp|Arpitania}} | native_name_lang = frp | settlement_type = Cultural region | image_skyline = French and Arpitan sign in Saint-Gingolph (Switzerland).jpg | image_alt= | image_caption = French sign "Welcome" with Arpitan "Hello" in [Saint-Gingolph](/source/Saint-Gingolph) (Valais) | image_flag = Drapeau arpitan.svg | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Arpitan francoprovencal map.jpg | map_alt = | map_caption = [Linguistic map](/source/Linguistic_map) of Arpitania in Arpitan | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|46|09|N|5|52|E|scale:1000000|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Continent | subdivision_name = Europe | unit_pref = Metric | area_total_km2 = 60000 | elevation_m = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 7600000 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | website = }} '''Arpitania''' (Arpitan and Italian: ''Arpitania'', {{langx|fr|Arpitanie}} {{IPA|fr|aʁpitani||Fr-Arpitanie.ogg}}) is a cultural region in [Western Alps](/source/Western_Alps) where the [Arpitan](/source/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al) language was historically spoken and still persists today. It approximately encompasses parts of eastern France, northwestern Italy and western Switzerland, concretely:{{Cite thesis |last=Bichurina |first=Natalia |title=Trans-border communities in Europe and the emergence of “new” languages : From “Francoprovençal patois” to “Arpitan” and “Arpitania” |date=2016-09-02 |degree=phdthesis |publisher=Université de Perpignan ; Università degli studi di Bergamo (Italie) |url=https://theses.hal.science/tel-01368201 |language=en |page=14}} * [France](/source/France) ([Ain](/source/Ain), [Isère](/source/Is%C3%A8re), [Rhône](/source/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)), [Savoie](/source/Savoie), [Haute-Savoie](/source/Haute-Savoie), the [Metropolis of Lyon](/source/Metropolis_of_Lyon), and parts of [Jura](/source/Jura_(department))). * [Switzerland](/source/Switzerland) ([Geneva](/source/Canton_of_Geneva), [Fribourg](/source/Canton_of_Fribourg), [Neuchâtel](/source/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel), [Valais](/source/Valais), and [Vaud](/source/Vaud), i.e. all of [Romandy](/source/Romandy) except [Jura](/source/Canton_of_Jura)) * [Italy](/source/Italy) ([Aosta Valley](/source/Aosta_Valley) and [Arpitan Valleys](/source/Arpitan_Valleys_of_Piedmont)) Even though Arpitania has never been constituted as a united political entity, it roughly corresponds to the historical [County of Savoy](/source/County_of_Savoy) and its successor state the [Duchy of Savoy](/source/Duchy_of_Savoy). Currently, the only Arpitan-speaking region which formally recognises the language is the [Aosta Valley](/source/Aosta_Valley), where it is protected.{{citation |title=Statut spécial de la Vallée d'Aoste, Title VIe |url=http://www.regione.vda.it/allegato.aspx?pk=34495 |access-date=2015-10-17 |publisher=Region Vallée d'Aoste}}[http://www.consiglio.regione.vda.it/fr/app/leggieregolamenti/dettaglio?pk_lr=3141&versione=V "Conseil de la Vallée - Loi régionale 1er août 2005, n. 18 - Texte en vigueur"]. Retrieved 25 April 2020 Over 7,600,000 people live in Arpitania, but only around 150,000 speakers of Arpitan live here.{{Cite web |date=2020-05-01 |title=Savoy and Aosta - Eurominority.eu |url=https://www.eurominority.eu/index.php/en/savoy-and-aosta/,%20https://www.eurominority.eu/index.php/en/savoy-and-aosta/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |last= |title=Arpitan |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/frp/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=[Ethnologue](/source/Ethnologue)}} [French](/source/French_language) is the most-spoken language in Arpitania, followed by [Italian](/source/Italian_language). The most populous cities in Arpitania are [Lyon](/source/Lyon), [Geneva](/source/Geneva), and [Saint-Étienne](/source/Saint-%C3%89tienne). == Creation == {{Unbalanced|date=March 2026}} The terms ''Arpitan'' and ''Arpitania'' (''Arpitanie'') are neologisms coined in the 1970s by '''Joseph Henriet''' (born 1945), a Communist school teacher who was influenced by the Basque activist [Federico Krutwig](/source/Federico_Krutwig). In his ''Garaldea'' (published 1978), Krutwig names the [Basques](/source/Basques) "Garalditans", a purported [Neolithic](/source/Neolithic_period) race which he claimed existed thousands of years ago. Looking for racial or linguistic remnants of the "Garalditans", he moved to the Aosta Valley in 1970, constructing Basque etymologies for local placenames. In Aosta, Krutwig befriended the young [Maoist](/source/Maoism) activist Joseph Henriet. Influenced by Krutwig, Henriet declared the local patois the descendant of the Neolithic "Garalditan language". He later replaced the term ''garalditan'' with ''harpitan'', a conflation of the patois words ''arpa'' "[alp](/source/alpine_pasture)", ''arpian'' "one who works on an alp", and the Basque etymology Basque ''harri-pe'' "under the rocks" proposed by Krutwig. Around 1980, Henriet dropped the Basque-inspired initial ''h-'', now proposing an "Arpitan confederation" (''Confédération arpitane'') uniting [Savoy](/source/Savoy) and the [Valais](/source/Valais) (but not including the patois-speaking [Vaud](/source/Vaud)). With the failure of his Arpitan political movement, he retired to private life. The term ''arpitan'' since the 1990s has found usage beyond the immediate sphere of Henriet's activities, especially driven by online use. Pichard (2009) suggests its newfound success was due to the happy rhyme with ''[Occitan](/source/Occitan_language)'' and the unwieldiness of the alternative ''francoprovençal''. The alternative term ''[patois](/source/patois)'', while viewed with affection in Switzerland, has a condescending or "humiliating" connotation in France. An ''Aliance Culturèla Arpitanna'' was founded in 2004.Gianpaolo Charrere, [https://archive.today/20120719124257/http://edizioni.lastampa.it/aosta/articolo/lstp/631 Ayas, un film sul sogno dell'Harpitanya], Aoste: La Stampa, 15 February 2012 and [http://arpitania.forumactif.com/CAFE-ARPITAN-c1/L-euroregion-Arpitanie-f1/La-nation-Arpitane-J-Harriet-1974-t581.htm "La nation arpitane"]. Alain Pichard, [http://blog.regionleman.com/public/Arpitanie/Histoire_Arpitanie_24heures.pdf Nos ancêtres les Arpitans] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715171257/http://blog.regionleman.com/public/Arpitanie/Histoire_Arpitanie_24heures.pdf |date=2011-07-15 }}, 24 Heures, Lausanne, 2 May 2009 == Geography == [[File:Arpitancommunity.png|alt=Map of Arpitania in Western Europe|thumb|Map of Arpitania in [Western Europe](/source/Western_Europe)]]The geographic extent of Arpitania, usually defined by linguistic or cultural factors, is dispersed over three countries. * Most of Arpitania lies in [France](/source/France), in the departments of [Ain](/source/Ain), [Isère](/source/Is%C3%A8re), [Rhône](/source/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)), [Savoie](/source/Savoie), and [Haute-Savoie](/source/Haute-Savoie), as well as the [Metropolis of Lyon](/source/Metropolis_of_Lyon). Besides, the southern part of the department of [Jura](/source/Jura_(department)) is Arpitan-speaking. * Almost the entire French-speaking part of [Switzerland](/source/Switzerland), also known as [Romandy](/source/Romandy), lies in Arpitania except for the canton of [Jura](/source/Canton_of_Jura). The Arpitan [cantons](/source/Cantons_of_Switzerland) are [Geneva](/source/Canton_of_Geneva), [Fribourg](/source/Canton_of_Fribourg), [Neuchâtel](/source/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel), [Valais](/source/Valais), and [Vaud](/source/Vaud). * The remaining part of Arpitania lies in [Italy](/source/Italy), covering the entire [Aosta Valley](/source/Aosta_Valley) and the [Arpitan Valleys](/source/Arpitan_Valleys_of_Piedmont) in the [Piedmont](/source/Piedmont) region. In [Apulia](/source/Apulia), an Arpitan language exclave exists, but it is not connected sociolinguistically to Arpitania. === Historical regions === Traditionally, Arpitania is divided into the following regions. * 16px|Coat of Arms of the Aosta Valley [Aosta Valley](/source/Aosta_Valley) (or ''Val d'Aoûta''), with capital in [Aosta](/source/Aosta). * 18px|Coat of arms of Piemont [Arpitan Valleys](/source/Arpitan_Valleys_of_Piedmont) (or ''Valades Arpetanes''), with capital in [Susa](/source/Susa%2C_Piedmont). * 20px|Coat of Arms of Burgundy [Burgundy](/source/Burgundy) (or ''Borgogne''), with capital in [Mâcon](/source/M%C3%A2con). * 20px|Coat of Arms of Dauphiné [Dauphiné](/source/Dauphin%C3%A9) (or ''Dârfenât''), with capital in [Grenoble](/source/Grenoble). * 20px|Coat of Arms of Burgundy [Jura](/source/Jura_(department)), with capital in [Lons-le-Saunier](/source/Lons-le-Saunier). * 20px|Coat of Arms of Lyonnais [Lyonnais](/source/Lyonnais) (or ''Liyonês''), with capital in [Lyon](/source/Lyon). * 20px|Coat of Arms of Savoy [Romandy](/source/Romandy) (or ''Romandia''), with capital in [Lausanne](/source/Lausanne). * 20px|Coat of Arms of Savoy [Savoy](/source/Savoy) (or ''Savouè''), with capital in [Chambéry](/source/Chamb%C3%A9ry). === Largest settlements === The most populous city in Arpitania is [Lyon](/source/Lyon), which has a metropolitan area with 2,327,861 inhabitants.{{Cite web |title=Insee - Statistiques locales |url=https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2022&selcodgeo=002&t=A01&view=map13 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=statistiques-locales.insee.fr}} Other significant metropolitan areas are [Grand Geneva](/source/Grand_Gen%C3%A8ve) (1,046,168 inhabitantsGrand Genève is made up of: * Canton of Geneva (506,343 inh. in Jan. 2021)[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/su-f-01.02.04.07] * District of Nyon (103,305 inh. in Jan. 2021)[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/su-f-01.02.04.07] * Genevois français (436,520 inh. in Jan. 2021), itself made up of CA Thonon Agglomération (93,344 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=530347,5934447,355931,215247&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=200067551&t=A01&view=map4], CA Annemasse-les Voirons-Agglomération (93,417 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=530347,5934447,355931,215247&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=200011773&t=A01&view=map4], CC Arve et Salève (20,352 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=530347,5934447,355931,215247&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=247400583&t=A01&view=map4], CC du Pays Rochois (29,112 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=530347,5934447,355931,215247&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=247400724&t=A01&view=map4], CC Faucigny-Glières (27,764 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=530347,5934447,355931,215247&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=200000172&t=A01&view=map4], CC du Genevois (48,708 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=530347,5934447,355931,215247&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=247400690&t=A01&view=map4], CA du Pays de Gex (102,027 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=530347,5934447,355931,215247&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=240100750&t=A01&view=map4], and CC du Pays Bellegardien (21,796 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=530347,5934447,355931,215247&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=240100891&t=A01&view=map4].) and -to a lesser extent- the Grenoble metropolitan area (714,799 inhabitants).{{Cite web |title=Comparateur de territoires − Commune de Grenoble (38185) {{!}} Insee |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-014+UU2020-38701+COM-38185 |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=www.insee.fr}} Most bigger cities in Arpitania are located in either of these three metropolitan areas. {{Largest cities | name = Largest cities of Arpitania | class = nav | country = Arpitania | kind = cities | stat_ref = [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8680726/ensemble.pdf Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations de référence en 2023], [INSEE](/source/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques), 29 December 2025.{{cite web| url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/soziale-sicherheit/sozialberichterstattung/statistischer-sozialbericht-schweiz.assetdetail.80392.html |title=Städtische Bevölkerung: Agglomerationen und isolierte Städte |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |language=de, fr |date=26 August 2016 |access-date=14 December 2016}}{{cite web |title=Bilancio demografico mensile demoistat |url=https://demo.istat.it/app/?i=D7B&l=it}} | div_name = Region | div_link = Region | city_1 = Lyon | div_1 = Lyonnais | pop_1 = 520,774 | city_2 = Geneva | div_2 = Romandy | pop_2 = 203,856 | city_3 = Saint-Étienne | div_3 = Lyonnais | pop_3 = 173,136 | city_4 = Villeurbanne| div_4 = Lyonnais | pop_4 = 163,684 | city_5 = Grenoble | div_5 = Dauphiné | pop_5 = 156,140 | city_6 = Lausanne | div_6 = Romandy| pop_6 = 144,873 | city_7 = Annecy | div_7 = Savoy | pop_7 = 132,117 | city_8 = Chambéry | div_8 = Savoy | pop_8 = 59,964 | city_9 = Vaulx-en-Velin | div_9 = Lyonnais| pop_9 = 53,069 | city_10 = Saint-Priest | div_10 = Lyonnais| pop_10 = 49,229 | city_11 = Caluire-et-Cuire | div_11 = Lyonnais | pop_11 = 43,597 | city_12 = Bron | div_12 = Lyonnais | pop_12 = 42,982 | city_13 = Bourg-en-Bresse | div_13 = Burgundy | pop_13 = 42,372 | city_14 = Oullins-Pierre-Bénite | div_14 = Lyonnais | pop_14 = 38,168 | city_15 = Fribourg | div_15 = Romandy | pop_15 = 38,039 | city_16 = Thonon-les-Bains | div_16 = Savoy | pop_16 = 37,928 | city_17 = Saint-Martin-d'Hères | div_17 = Dauphiné| pop_17 = 37,695 | city_18 = La Chaux-de-Fonds | div_18 = Romandy | pop_18 = 36,915 | city_19 = Meyzieu | div_19 = Lyonnais| pop_19 = 36,687 | city_20 = Roanne | div_20 = Lyonnais | pop_20 = 35,409 }} == Language == [[File:Lenguas galorromance.png|alt=Approximate geographic distribution of Gallo-Romance languages, consisting of Oïl languages (green) and Arpitan (blue).|thumb|Approximate geographic distribution of Gallo-Romance languages, consisting of [Oïl languages](/source/Langues_d'o%C3%AFl) (green) and Arpitan (blue).]] {{See also|Franco-Provençal}} The Arpitan language, formerly known as ''Franco-Provençal'' or alternatively ''[patois](/source/patois)'', is the native language of Arpitania. It belongs to the [Gallo-Romance languages](/source/Gallo-Romance_languages), while also being influenced strongly by the bordering languages [Occitan](/source/Occitan_language), [Piedmontese](/source/Piedmontese_language), and [Romansh](/source/Romansh_language). [Ethnologue](/source/Ethnologue) describes Arpitan as "nearly extinct". The language is only recognised in the [Aosta Valley](/source/Aosta_Valley), where it is commonly referred to as ''[valdôtain](/source/Vald%C3%B4tain_dialect)'', but does not form part of the education system, nor is the language present in the education systems in other parts of Arpitania.{{Cite journal |last=Tan |first=Youyansu |date=2020-08-07 |title=REVIVING FRENCH ARPITAN: RECOMMENDATIONS TO REVITALIZATION EFFORTS |url=https://grdspublishing.org/index.php/people/article/view/124 |journal=PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=275–294 |doi=10.20319/pijss.2020.62.275294 |issn=2454-5899|doi-access=free }} In 2022, the [UNPO](/source/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization) denounced the "severe restriction of language rights by the French government" in Arpitania due to the lack of any formal recognition of the language in France.{{Cite web |date=2022-10-14 |title=France : UNPO Submits Universal Periodic Review to UN on Treatment of Minorities - |url=https://unpo.org/france-unpo-submits-universal-periodic-review-to-un-on-treatment-of-minorities/ |access-date=2026-03-05 |language=en-GB}} It is also only the Aosta Valley where Arpitan is still spoken across different generations, while the remaining regions have almost only elderly speakers.alt=Books in Arpitan|thumb|Books in ArpitanDue to strong dialectal differences in Arpitan and a general lack of shared identification among Arpitan-speakers, the language is often referred to by using [geolinguistic](/source/Geolinguistics) names, including ''[valsoanin](/source/V%C3%A2lsoanin_dialect)'', ''[mâconnais](/source/M%C3%A2connais_dialect)'', and ''[savoyard](/source/Savoyard_dialect)''. To unify these dialects in written Arpitan, a standard [orthography](/source/orthography) has been developed by the Arpitan linguist {{interlanguage link|Domenico Stich|frp}} in 2003, which was dubbed ''ORB'' (''Ortografia de rèference B''). This orthography is used in dictionaries and automatic translation machines.{{Cite web |title=Apertium {{!}} A free/open-source machine translation platform |url=https://apertium.org/index.cat.html#?dir=eng-epo&q= |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=apertium.org}}{{Cite web |title=Index |url=http://arpitan.eu/SmartDic |access-date=2026-03-05 |website=arpitan.eu}} Next to the standard orthography, many dialects of Arpitan dispose over their own orthography. == Gallery == File:Lyon-part-dieu-2023.jpg|The skyline of the [Part-Dieu](/source/La_Part-Dieu) district in [Lyon](/source/Lyon) File:Institut Lumière Lyon.jpg|The Lumière Museum, displaying many early inventions of the [Lumière brothers](/source/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re), in Lyon File:Geneve 2005 001 Ork.ch.jpg|An aerial view of [Geneva](/source/Geneva) and the [Lake Geneva](/source/Lake_Geneva), one of Arpitania's largest cities File:Palace of Nations Geneva 20102014 02.jpg|The ''[Palais des Nations](/source/Palace_of_Nations)'' is the main building on the [United Nations Office of Geneva](/source/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva), one of the four major offices of the [UN](/source/United_Nations) File:Saint-etienne cathedrale.JPG|The [Saint-Étienne Cathedral](/source/Saint-%C3%89tienne_Cathedral) is one of the main attractions of [Saint-Étienne](/source/Saint-%C3%89tienne) File:Moucherotte 23 12 11 092 (2) final.JPG|An aerial view of [Grenoble](/source/Grenoble), surrounded by the [Dauphiné Alps](/source/Dauphin%C3%A9_Alps) File:Siège CIO 2020 (1).jpg|The seat of the [International Olympic Committee](/source/International_Olympic_Committee) in [Lausanne](/source/Lausanne) File:Vue de Mâcon.jpg|The [Saône](/source/Sa%C3%B4ne) river in [Mâcon](/source/M%C3%A2con) File:Casa Valdostana Cretaz Valtournenche.JPG|A typical [Aostan](/source/Aosta_Valley) house in [Valtournenche](/source/Valtournenche) File:Vue-Lons-le-Saunier-2.jpg|An aerial view of [Lons-le-Saunier](/source/Lons-le-Saunier) File:Chambéry - Place St-Léger.JPG|The ''place St-Léger'' is one of the main pedestrian streets of [Chambéry](/source/Chamb%C3%A9ry) File:Susa 001.jpg|The centre of [Susa](/source/Susa%2C_Piedmont), the largest town in the [Arpitan Valleys](/source/Arpitan_Valleys_of_Piedmont) File:Mont Blanc @ Adret Aiguille de Charlanon.jpg|The [Mont Blanc](/source/Mont_Blanc) is Europe's highest mountain and is located on the border of [Savoy](/source/Savoy) and the [Aosta Valley](/source/Aosta_Valley) File:A young St. Bernard dog - Shanu playing on snow.jpg|[St. Bernard dogs](/source/St._Bernard_(dog_breed)) have a long history of rescue activities in the [Western Alps](/source/Western_Alps) File:Gruyere alpage th wa.jpg|[Gruyère cheese](/source/Gruy%C3%A8re_cheese) is a [Swiss cheese](/source/Swiss_cheeses_and_dairy_products) from the Arpitan town of [Gruyères](/source/Gruy%C3%A8res) File:Asse ol 2425.png|[AS Saint-Étienne](/source/AS_Saint-%C3%89tienne) and [Olympique Lyonnais](/source/Olympique_Lyonnais) are two of the most successful football teams in France == See also == * [Occitania](/source/Occitania) * [Arpitan language](/source/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al) == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == * Jozé Harrieta [Joseph Henriet], ''La lingua arpitana'', 1976. * [Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez](/source/Mikael_Bodlore-Penlaez), «Savoy and Aosta, heart of the Arpitan people» in ''Atlas of Stateless Nations in Europe: Minority People in Search of Recognition'', Y Lolfa, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-84771-379-7}} *Les Alpes et leurs noms de lieux, 6000 ans d'histoire ? : Les appellations d'origine pré-indo-européenne., Paul-Louis Rousset, 1988, {{ISBN|2-901193-02-1}} *Les mots de la montagne autour du Mont-Blanc, Hubert Bessat et Claudette Germi, Ed. Ellug, Programme Rhône-Alpes, Recherches en Sciences Humaines, 1991, {{ISBN|2-902709-68-4}}. == External links == * [http://arpitania.eu Aliance Culturèla Arpitanna] * [http://www.lexilogos.com/francoprovencal.htm Babel Lexilogos (''French'')] * [http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/it-harp.html Harpitanya Movement Flag] * [http://www.patwe.ch/chavyeje/ Listen to some audio documents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716225106/http://www.patwe.ch/chavyeje/ |date=2014-07-16 }} in an Arpitan dialect. Category:Regions of France Category:Geographical, historical and cultural regions of France Category:Arpitania Category:Geography of Switzerland Category:Geography of France Category:Geography of Italy --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Arpitania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpitania) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpitania?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.