# Ariadnet

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The National Research and Academic Network ([NREN](/source/NREN)) of [Greece](/source/Greece) the period 1984 -1995, also known as **Ariadne**, **Ariadne network**, **Ariadne-t**, initiated in 1984 as **Programme Ariadne** by Nicolas Malagardis (worked at [INRIA](/source/INRIA) in France) under the Ministry of Research and Technology (minister [Georgios Lianis](/source/Georgios_Lianis)), in line with R&D policy of the EU Commission (DGXIII) and became founding member of COSINE (Cooperation for Open Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe)[1] and [RARE](/source/TERENA), with contributions to its technical reports.

In 1987 the first full [packet switching](/source/Packet_switching) node in Greece connected to the French [X.25](/source/X.25) node in Paris at 9.6K bps via a local [HELPAK](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HELPAK&action=edit&redlink=1) line from [OTE](/source/OTE) in Athens and a COSINE Project.[2] The report was published in 1988.[3]

In 1988, the General Secretariat of Research and Technology (secretary Prof. Eleftherios Economou at the [University of Crete](/source/University_of_Crete)) assigned a new management for Programme Ariadne to be Prof. Costantine Halatsis, Institute director at the ["Demokritos"](/source/National_Centre_of_Scientific_Research_%22Demokritos%22). All facilities (equipment, communication lines, offices) were relocated to the campus of Demokritos (Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications[4]) at Agia Paraskevi, [Attica](/source/Attica) from downtown Athens. As a [RARE](/source/TERENA) member Ariadne participated to the joining with [RIPE](/source/RIPE) (Réseaux IP Européens), or European IP Networks.

In 1990 Ariadne with the encouragement and support of [Tony Bates](/source/Tony_Bates), the approval of [Peter Kirstein](/source/Peter_T._Kirstein) and James Hutton of the UK [NREN](/source/NREN) JANET[5] acquired internet [NSFNET](/source/NSFNET) connectivity via a 64 kbit/s [X.25](/source/X.25) from IXI-COSINE,[6] this took place before the [EuropaNET](https://web.archive.org/web/20150723175204/http://archive.dante.net/Backbones/EuropaNET/Pages/EuropaNET.aspx) IP service was established. [IANA](/source/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority) providing resources for network and [Autonomous system](/source/Autonomous_system_(Internet)) addressing. Registration in [.ARPA](/source/.arpa) provided by [RedIRIS](/source/RedIRIS) gratis Ignacio Martinez and JANET.

When Prof. C.Halatsis moved to the [University of Athens](/source/University_of_Athens), the management was assigned to Dr. A. Arvilias, director of Computer Center of ["Demokritos"](/source/National_Centre_of_Scientific_Research_%22Demokritos%22) around 1991. During this period the first public [ISP](/source/ISP) in Greece was created registered in the global [DNS](/source/DNS) as "ariadne-t dot gr".[7]

In 1991 Ariadne participated in CHEOPS[8] an advanced network experiment (8 Mbit/s) with [CERN](/source/CERN) via Olympus satellite and an [SRI International](/source/SRI_International) report requested a contributing [text](http://www.islab.demokritos.gr/gr/html/internet_getting_started/index.htm). The team of Ariadne helped Scientists of "Demokritos" understand, use in their work and [disseminate to their communities](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed071p872) the importance of Internet.

In 1992 Ariadne supported by [Brian Carpenter](/source/Brian_Carpenter_(Internet_engineer)) established a 9.6 kbit/s direct link to CERN that later became part of [EBONE](/source/EBONE), a network map shows the status of the network in 1993.

During 1992-1994 the EU's DGXIII VALUE[9] II project - v.5805 "[Open Systems Interconnection](/source/Open_Systems_Interconnection) national nodes and Administrators" assigned to the Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications[4] of the national research center ["Demokritos"](/source/National_Centre_of_Scientific_Research_%22Demokritos%22) was implemented that devised a mixed technology plan ([TCP/IP](/source/TCP%2FIP) and [X.400](/source/X.400), [X.25](/source/X.25) ) that resulted in large scale development of internet connectivity to universities, government, and SMEs.[*[clarification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify)*] The project registered in [DNS](/source/DNS) as "EPMHS dot GR", the pattern "MHS" signifying the main application being messaging and gateways based on RFC 987 that required both technologies [OSI](/source/Open_Systems_Interconnection) and [IP](/source/Internet_Protocol).

Ariadne became almost self-financed by more than 80 partner contributions and [The Ariadne IP Service](http://www.ariadne-t.gr/ipservice.htm).

In 1994, the [General Secretariat for Research and Technology](http://www.gsrt.gr) assigned a new manager and support organization to Prof. V.Maglaris of [National Technical University](/source/National_Technical_University_of_Athens). The network operations center was relocated to the [National Technical University](/source/National_Technical_University_of_Athens) campus, a new satellite 256 kbit/s uplink to [Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe (DANTE)](/source/DANTE), as well as a new network name [GRNET](/source/GRNET) and plan was created using the resources and people of Ariadne. Migration of sites to the newly designed network took 2–3 years to complete. Notable sites such as the [Parliament of Greece](/source/Parliament_of_Greece), the [National Observatory](/source/National_Observatory_of_Athens), the [Atomic Energy Authority](/source/Greek_Atomic_Energy_Commission) continued for several years their connection to Ariadne.

In 1995 ["Demokritos"](/source/National_Centre_of_Scientific_Research_%22Demokritos%22), [National Technical University](/source/National_Technical_University_of_Athens) and the Greek Telecom [OTE](/source/OTE) jointly established a new company [OTENET](/source/OTENET) as the nationwide [ISP](/source/ISP) using the experience of [Ariadne](http://www.ariadne-t.gr).

IN 1997–1998 Ariadne participated in projects such as [NICE](https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/30548_en.html) national network inter-connection experiments and [EXPERT](http://cordis.europa.eu/infowin/acts/analysys/products/thematic/atm/ch4/expert.html#expdisev)' based on [ATM](/source/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode) and [Eutelsat](/source/Eutelsat).

In 2002, the computer center of ["Demokritos"](/source/National_Centre_of_Scientific_Research_%22Demokritos%22) created post-humously a [webpage](http://www.ariadne-t.gr) for Ariadne using some original graphic designs and posters.

In 2014 ["Demokritos"](/source/National_Centre_of_Scientific_Research_%22Demokritos%22) transferred its shares of DANTE to the newly formed Terena Association, as the legal entity representing Greece in DANTE as shown in the [OSIRIS report of 2011](https://web.archive.org/web/20150723171910/http://www.ictresearchinfrastructures.eu/communicraft-cms-system/uploads/DANTE-Final.pdf).

Currently, in the year 2002, Ariadne, as shown in the RIPE whois [data base](https://apps.db.ripe.net/search/lookup.html?source=ripe&key=AS2546&type=aut-num), is the campus network of ["Demokritos"](/source/National_Centre_of_Scientific_Research_%22Demokritos%22), the main [Data-Center](/source/Data_center), a [LIR](/source/Local_Internet_registry) for collaborating organizations based at the [Network Services laboratory](https://www.iit.demokritos.gr/lab/islab/) of the Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications, it is a major [GRNET](/source/GRNET) site, hosting its [metropolitan area network](/source/Metropolitan_area_network) and Hellasgrid nodes.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Hill, J. Andrew; Newman, K. Nicholas (1989). "The Eureka Cosine Project - Status Report". *Esprit '89*. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 1078–1086. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/978-94-009-1063-8_81](https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-009-1063-8_81). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-94-010-6968-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-010-6968-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["CORDIS | European Commission"](http://cordis.europa.eu/news/rcn/287_en.html). Retrieved 21 May 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Malagardis, Nicholas (May 13, 1988). ["COSINE Implementation Phase: National View"](https://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/journals/cn/Malagardis88.html?view=bibtex). *Computer Networks*. **16** (1–2): 119–120. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/0169-7552(88)90032-3](https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0169-7552%2888%2990032-3) – via DBLP Computer Science Bibliography.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-auto_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-auto_4-1) [Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications](http://www.iit.demokritos.gr)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["JANET website"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090221173552/http://www.ja.net/). Archived from [the original](http://www.ja.net/) on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2015-07-22.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** COSINE report [http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/188252/files/CM-P00059890.pdf](http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/188252/files/CM-P00059890.pdf)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Internet: Getting Started](https://www.amazon.com/Internet-Getting-Started-Information-Series/dp/013289596X) [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0132895965](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0132895965), [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [013289596X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/013289596X)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [CHEOPS](https://cds.cern.ch/record/219587)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["CORDIS | European Commission"](https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/2320-response-to-value-call-for-utilization-of-results). Retrieved 21 May 2023.

## External links

- [Institute of Informatics and Telecommuniations](http://www.iit.demokritos.gr)

- [General Secretariat of Research and Technology](http://www.gsrt.gr)

- [Ariadne IP service](http://www.ariadne-t.gr/ipservice.htm)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ariadnet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnet) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariadnet?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.