# Arendator

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Arendator
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Arendator.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arendator
> Source revision: 1334512958
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Person who leased fixed assets}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2018}}
In the history of the [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire), and [Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth](/source/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth), '''arendator''' (literally "[lease](/source/lease) holder") ({{Langx|uk|"Орендар" (Orendar)}}, {{Langx|ru| "Откупщик" (Otkupshchik)}}) was a person who leased fixed assets, such as land, mines, mills, inns, [breweries](/source/breweries), or [distilleries](/source/distilleries), or of special rights, such as the right to collect [customs duties](/source/customs_duties), taxes, or the right to [mint](/source/mint_(money)) money, for example.<ref name="EJ" /> Individuals trusted by state officials were often given such rights to collect [rent](/source/renting) or [revenue](/source/revenue) and were allowed to keep a portion of the money in exchange for this service, sometimes as a reward for other services to the state. The practice is called "rent/revenue [farm](/source/farm_(revenue_leasing))ing".

The 1913 Webster's dictionary gives the following definition:<ref>[http://www.websters1913.com/words/Arendator "Arendator"], Webster, 1913</ref>

<blockquote>
||Ar`en*da"tor (?), n. [LL. arendator, arrendator, fr. arendare, arrendare, to pay rent, fr. arenda yearly rent; ad + renda, F. rente, E. rent. Cf. Arrentation and Rent.] In some provinces of Russia, one who farms the rents or revenues.
</blockquote>

Many estates of [absentee landlord](/source/absentee_landlord)s in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the 16–18th centuries were managed by arendators, many of whom were [Jewish](/source/Jewish).<ref name="EJ">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Arenda |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Judaica |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopedia-judaica-volume-22/Encyclopedia%20Judaica%2C%20Volume%202/page/422/mode/1up |volume=2  |page=422 |editor-last=Skolnik |editor-first=Fred |date=2006-12-12 |publisher=Macmillan Reference USA }}</ref> This led to significant resentment and antisemitic violence during the [Khmelnytsky Uprising](/source/Khmelnytsky_Uprising) (1648–1657).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Rosenthal |first=Herman |author-link=Herman Rosenthal |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4685-cossacks-uprising |title=Cossacks' Uprising |encyclopedia=[The Jewish Encyclopedia](/source/Jewish_Encyclopedia) |date=1906 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421104126/https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4685-cossacks-uprising |archive-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>

This extremely lucrative fiscal practice was also common in tax collecting in medieval Spain and France. There were frequent problems with corruption. The practice continued in the Russian Empire until the late 19th century.

== See also ==
*[Farm (revenue leasing)](/source/Farm_(revenue_leasing))

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/kolomea/arenda.htm THE ARENDA SYSTEM (A Boon or Bane For Jews)]. kehilalinks.jewishgen.org
* [https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Leaseholding Leaseholding]. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe (yivoencyclopedia.org)

Category:Obsolete occupations
Category:Economic history of Poland
Category:Economic history of Ukraine
Category:Economic history of Russia
Category:Economic history of Spain
Category:Economic history of France

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Arendator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arendator) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arendator?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.