# Archie F. Howard > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Archie_F._Howard > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Archie_F._Howard.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_F._Howard > Source revision: 1352914532 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|U.S. Marine Corps Major General}} {{Infobox military person |name=Archie Franklin Howard |birth_date= {{Birth date|1892|1|29}} |death_date= {{Death date and age|1964|6|24|1892|1|29}} |birth_place= [Clay Center, Kansas](/source/Clay_Center%2C_Kansas), US |death_place= [San Diego](/source/San_Diego), California, US |burial_place= [Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery](/source/Fort_Rosecrans_National_Cemetery) |burial_label= Place of burial |image=Archie Franklin Howard.jpg |caption= Howard as Brigadier general, USMC |nickname= |allegiance= United States |service_years= 1915–1946 |rank= [Major General](/source/Major_general_(United_States)) |service_number= |branch=[United States Marine Corps](/source/United_States_Marine_Corps) |commands= [6th Marine Division](/source/6th_Marine_Division_(United_States))
[Marine Corps Base San Diego](/source/Marine_Corps_Base_San_Diego)
[CoS](/source/Chief_of_staff) of [I Marine Amphibious Corps](/source/I_Marine_Amphibious_Corps) |unit= |battles= '''[World War I](/source/World_War_I)''' *[Siberian Intervention](/source/Siberian_Intervention) '''[Dominican Campaign](/source/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%9324))'''
'''[World War II](/source/World_War_II)''' *[New Georgia Campaign](/source/New_Georgia_Campaign) '''[Chinese Civil War](/source/Chinese_Civil_War)''' *[Operation Beleaguer](/source/Operation_Beleaguer) |awards=[Distinguished Service Medal](/source/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)) |relations= |other_work= }} '''Archie Franklin Howard''' (January 29, 1892 – June 24, 1964) was a decorated officer of the [United States Marine Corps](/source/United_States_Marine_Corps) with the rank of [major general](/source/Major_general_(United_States)) who is most noted as commanding general, [6th Marine Division](/source/6th_Marine_Division_(United_States)) during the [Chinese Civil War](/source/Chinese_Civil_War). He also served as Island Commander at [Guadalcanal](/source/Guadalcanal) and later at [New Georgia](/source/New_Georgia) during World War II.{{cite web|url=https://www.usmcu.edu/|title=Archie F. Howard Papers – USMC Military History Division|publisher=USMC Military History Division|accessdate=2018-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801090544/http://usmcu.edu/|archive-date=2013-08-01|url-status=dead}} ==Early career== Archie F. Howard was born on January 29, 1892, at [Clay Center, Kansas](/source/Clay_Center%2C_Kansas), as the son of Wilbur A. and Susan Viola Howard. Following the high school, he received appointment to the [United States Naval Academy](/source/United_States_Naval_Academy) at [Annapolis, Maryland](/source/Annapolis%2C_Maryland), in summer of 1911 and graduated with [bachelor's degree](/source/bachelor's_degree) four years later. During his time at the academy, he was active in [football](/source/American_football) and [crew](/source/Crew_(sport)) teams. Howard was commissioned on June 5, 1915, and ordered to the Marine Officer School at [Norfolk Navy Yard](/source/Norfolk_Navy_Yard) for additional officer training, which he completed in December of that year. He was subsequently transferred to the Marine barracks at [Mare Island Navy Yard](/source/Mare_Island_Navy_Yard), [California](/source/California) and joined the Marine detachment aboard the cruiser [USS ''Brooklyn''](/source/USS_Brooklyn_(ACR-3)) in December 1916. The USS ''Brooklyn'' served as the flagship of the commander in chief, [Asiatic Fleet](/source/Asiatic_Fleet), Vice Admiral [Austin M. Knight](/source/Austin_M._Knight), and Howard saw service in the waters off the coast of [China](/source/China), [Japan](/source/Japan) and [Russia](/source/Russia). He was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in April 1917, and, following his promotion to captain six months later, he assumed command of the ''Brooklyn''{{'}}s detachment. left|thumb|Howard as First lieutenant in 1917. During the ongoing [Russian Civil War](/source/Russian_Civil_War) between [Bolsheviks](/source/Bolsheviks) and [White forces](/source/White_movement), ''Brooklyn'' was ordered to the [Vladivostok](/source/Vladivostok), [Siberia](/source/Siberia) where [Czechoslovak Legion](/source/Czechoslovak_Legion) fought with Bolsheviks. Howard and his detachment were ordered ashore in June 1918 in order to protect American consulate in [Vladivostok](/source/Vladivostok), [Siberia](/source/Siberia). His marines took part in the patrolling of the street together with Czechoslovak legions and other allied forces, but did not participate in the action against Bolsheviks.{{cite web | url = https://www.mca-marines.org/leatherneck/far-northern-lands-marines-ashore-siberia | accessdate = 31 December 2017 | work = marines.mil | title = "Far-off Northern Lands": Marines Ashore in Siberia | publisher = Marine Corps Association & Foundation Websites}} Upon his return to the United States, Howard was attached to the [Marine Barracks Quantico](/source/Marine_Corps_Base_Quantico) in November 1918 and was stationed there for one year, before he was ordered to [Houston](/source/Houston), [Texas](/source/Texas), for recruiting duty. He was ordered for expeditionary duty in [Santo Domingo](/source/Santo_Domingo) in February 1922 and participated in the anti-guerilla operations with 2nd Marine Brigade under Colonel [Harry Lee](/source/Harry_Lee_(USMC)). He was later attached to the Dominican Constabulary, ''Policia Nacional Dominicana'', and served as an instructor until October 1923. Following his return, Howard was attached to the Paymaster's Department and served as assistant paymaster in the [Philadelphia](/source/Philadelphia) Office. He remained in that capacity until October 1924, when he was ordered to the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico for Field Officers Course from which he graduated the following spring. Upon the completion of the course, Howard sailed for [Panama Canal Zone](/source/Panama_Canal_Zone), where he served with the Marine barracks at [Submarine Base Coco Solo](/source/Coco_Solo) until December 1928. He was subsequently attached to the [Headquarters Marine Corps](/source/Headquarters_Marine_Corps) in [Washington, D.C.](/source/Washington%2C_D.C.), and promoted to the rank of major in June 1929. Howard was ordered to the [Army Command and General Staff School](/source/United_States_Army_Command_and_General_Staff_College) at [Fort Leavenworth](/source/Fort_Leavenworth), [Kansas](/source/Kansas), in August 1932 and graduated in May of the following year. He was then ordered to the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico and served as an instructor until the June 1935, when he was ordered to the [Naval War College](/source/Naval_War_College) in [Newport, Rhode Island](/source/Newport%2C_Rhode_Island). He was meanwhile promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in March 1935 and graduated from the Senior Course in June 1936. He then returned to the Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C. and was attached to the special board, headed by lieutenant colonel [Keller E. Rockey](/source/Keller_E._Rockey) to revise the ''Tentative Landing Operations Manual'', which was later published as ''Landing Operations Doctrine''.{{cite web | url = https://www.marines.mil/Portals/59/Publications/Progress%20and%20Purpose%20a%20Developmental%20History%20PCN%2019000412400_2.pdf | accessdate = 31 December 2017 | work = marines.mil | title = Progress and Purpose: A Developmental History of the U.S. Marine Corps 1900–1970 | publisher = Marine Corps Websites}} During May 1937, Howard was transferred to the staff of [United States Naval Academy](/source/United_States_Naval_Academy) at Annapolis, Maryland, as the senior Marine officer in the Naval Training Squadron, the summer training sessions for the Naval Academy. He was later appointed [Atlantic Squadron](/source/Atlantic_Squadron) officer under Rear Admiral [Alfred Wilkinson Johnson](/source/Alfred_Wilkinson_Johnson) and took part in the patrol cruises in the [Atlantic Ocean](/source/Atlantic_Ocean) aboard battleship [USS ''New York''](/source/USS_New_York_(BB-34)). In December 1938, Howard was selected by [Commandant of the Marine Corps](/source/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps), [Thomas Holcomb](/source/Thomas_Holcomb), for the capacity of Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico and subsequently relieved on admiral Johnson's staff by Major [Benjamin W. Gally](/source/Benjamin_W._Gally). Howard served as deputy to brigadier generals [James T. Buttrick](/source/James_T._Buttrick) and [Philip H. Torrey](/source/Philip_H._Torrey) and ultimately was appointed commandant of the schools in January 1941. He was meanwhile promoted to the rank of colonel in April 1940.{{cite web | url = https://www.marines.mil/Portals/59/Publications/THOMAS%20HOLCOMB%201879-1965%20Register%20of%20His%20Personal%20Papers%20%20PCN%2019000318900.pdf?ver=2012-10-11-164133-417 | accessdate = July 6, 2018 | work = marines.mil | title = THOMAS HOLCOMB 1879–1965 Register of His Personal Papers | publisher = Marines Websites}}{{cite web | url = https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1940-pt4-v86/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1940-pt4-v86-4-2.pdf | accessdate = 31 December 2017 | work = gpo.gov | title = Promotions in the Marine Corps II – Government Publishing Office | publisher = Government Publishing Office Websites}} ==World War II== Howard served in that capacity until May 1941 and then joined [2nd Marine Division](/source/2nd_Marine_Division_(United_States)) under Major General [Clayton B. Vogel](/source/Clayton_B._Vogel) at [San Diego](/source/San_Diego) as Divisional Chief of Staff. He became Vogel's [protégé](/source/prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9) and followed him to the staff of 2nd Joint Training Force and subsequently to [I Marine Amphibious Corps](/source/I_Marine_Amphibious_Corps) as chief of staff. Howard was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in August 1942 and sailed to the Pacific area in October of that year.{{cite web | url = http://www.fleetorganization.com/1941marines.html | accessdate = 31 December 2017 | work = fleetorganization.com | title = Fleet Organization 1941 | publisher = Fleet Organization Websites}} He was stationed at [Noumea](/source/Noumea), [New Caledonia](/source/New_Caledonia), and was co-responsible for the administrative matters for all Marine forces in Southwest Pacific area, including all logistical and personnel matters affecting combat operations. General Vogel did not meet expectation of Commandant Holcomb and was relieved by general [Alexander Vandegrift](/source/Alexander_Vandegrift) in July 1943. Vandegrift brought his own personnel to the staff of [I Marine Amphibious Corps](/source/I_Marine_Amphibious_Corps) and Howard was succeeded by [Gerald C. Thomas](/source/Gerald_C._Thomas). Unlike Vogel, Howard remained in Pacific area and was appointed Island Commander at [Guadalcanal](/source/Guadalcanal) and [New Georgia](/source/New_Georgia). He held this assignment until May 1944 and distinguished himself in this capacity. Howard was subsequently decorated with [Army Distinguished Service Medal](/source/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)). His official citation reads:{{cite web | url = https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/42329 | accessdate = 27 October 2016 | work = valor.militarytimes.com | title = Distinguished Service Medal Citation | publisher = Militarytimes Websites}} {{Quote|text=''The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Brigadier General Archie Franklin Howard, United States Marine Corps, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility from 31 July 1943 to 12 May 1944, as Island Commander at Guadalcanal and later at New Georgia, Solomon Islands. General Howard demonstrated an impressive talent for exercising command under the principles of unified command, using on his staff officers of Army, Navy and Marine Corps organizations stationed on the Island. He obtained their complete loyalty and confidence and promoted an exceptionally high standard of efficiency. Particularly at Guadalcanal, General Howard's duties involved unusually difficult and complex command and logistical problems and it was through his resourcefulness, perseverance and industrious manner that an efficient, consistently dependable system was developed. In both assignments, General Howard displayed tactical and administrative ability of the highest degree and was conspicuously successful in welding all Services at these important military bases into smooth-functioning commands.''}} right|thumb|Howard (right) and 6th Marine Division staff in China, January 1946. He was ordered back to the United States in June 1944 and assumed command of the [Marine Corps Base San Diego](/source/Marine_Corps_Base_San_Diego) as substitute for retiring Brigadier General [Matthew H. Kingman](/source/Matthew_H._Kingman). Howard was responsible for the recruit training of replacements for the units in Pacific area until June 1945. He was then ordered to [Hawaii](/source/Hawaii) and appointed inspector general, [Fleet Marine Force, Pacific](/source/Fleet_Marine_Force%2C_Pacific) under Lieutenant General [Roy S. Geiger](/source/Roy_S._Geiger). For his new assignment, Howard was promoted to the rank of [major general](/source/Major_general_(United_States)) on July 26, 1945.{{cite web | url = http://historicperiodicals.princeton.edu/historic/cgi-bin/historic?a=d&d=MarineCorpsChevron19440812-01.2.2&srpos=57&e=-------en-20--41--txt-txIN-Archie+F.+Howard------ | accessdate = 7 January 2017 | work = historicperiodicals.princeton.edu | title = New Base CG Named MCB Command Taken Over By Brig.Gen. Howard – Marine Corps Chevron, 12 August 1944 | publisher = Marine Corps Chevron – Princeton University Library}}{{cite web | url = http://historicperiodicals.princeton.edu/historic/cgi-bin/historic?a=d&d=MarineCorpsChevron19450707-01.2.5&srpos=12&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-Archie+F.+Howard------ | accessdate = 7 January 2017 | work = historicperiodicals.princeton.edu | title = Gen. E. C. Long to Command MCB; Gen. Howard Assigned Overseas – Marine Corps Chevron, 7 July 1945 | publisher = Marine Corps Chevron – Princeton University Library}}{{cite web | url = https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1945-pt6/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1945-pt6-23-2.pdf | accessdate = 31 December 2017 | work = gpo.gov | title = Promotions in the Marine Corps – Government Publishing Office | publisher = Government Publishing Office Websites}} Howard was ordered to [China](/source/China) in December 1945, and replaced Major General [Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.](/source/Lemuel_C._Shepherd_Jr.) as commanding general, [6th Marine Division](/source/6th_Marine_Division_(United_States)). His new unit was located in [Qingdao](/source/Qingdao) area and was tasked with the repatriation of Japanese [prisoners-of-war](/source/prisoners-of-war) and refugees back to their country. The situation was complicated by the fact of the ongoing [Chinese Civil War](/source/Chinese_Civil_War) during which [Kuomintang](/source/Kuomintang) forces were attacked by [Chinese communist guerrillas](/source/Communist_Party_of_China). The 6th Marine Division handed its responsibilities to 8th Chinese National Army at the beginning of March 1946 and was deactivated in accord with an established post-war Marine schedule on March 31. Its staff and several units formed [3rd Marine Brigade](/source/3rd_Marine_Expeditionary_Brigade_(United_States)) under Howard's command.{{cite web | url = http://historicperiodicals.princeton.edu/historic/cgi-bin/historic?a=d&d=MarineCorpsChevron19460404-01.2.19&srpos=10&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-Archie+F.+Howard------ | accessdate = 7 January 2017 | work = historicperiodicals.princeton.edu | title = Colors of Sixth Retired; New Unit Formed – Marine Corps Chevron, 4 April 1946 | publisher = Marine Corps Chevron – Princeton University Library}} General Howard was ordered back to the United States in June of that year and detached from duty at San Diego and ordered home to be relieved from active duty. He retired from the Marine Corps on November 1, 1946, after 31 years of commissioned service.{{cite web | url = http://historicperiodicals.princeton.edu/historic/cgi-bin/historic?a=d&d=MarineCorpsChevron19460628-01.2.70&srpos=1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-Archie+F.+Howard------ | accessdate = 7 January 2017 | work = historicperiodicals.princeton.edu | title = General Strategy – Marine Corps Chevron, 28 June 1946 | publisher = Marine Corps Chevron – Princeton University Library}} ==Retirement== Howard settled in San Diego and was active with the San Diego Chapter of the Naval Academy Alumni Association. He suffered a huge loss, when his beloved wife, Dorothy, died during the crash of [United Airlines Flight 608](/source/United_Airlines_Flight_608) in [Bryce Canyon](/source/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park), [Utah](/source/Utah) on October 24, 1947. Howard moved to his daughter Mary's house at the El Cordova Hotel in [Coronado, California](/source/Coronado%2C_California).{{cite web | url = https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=CJ19471106.2.22&srpos=1&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-Archie+F.+Howard-------1 | accessdate = 31 December 2017 | work = cdnc.ucr.edu | title = Services Conducted for Mrs. Archie F. Howard – Coronado Eagle and Journal, Volume XXXIV, Number 45, 6 November 1947 | publisher = Coronado Eagle and Journal Websites}}{{cite web | url = https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=CJ19510614.2.19&srpos=8&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-Archie+F.+Howard-------1 | accessdate = 31 December 2017 | work = cdnc.ucr.edu | title = Admiral Struble to Address USNA Alumni – Coronado Eagle and Journal, Volume 39, Number 24, 14 June 1951 | publisher = Coronado Eagle and Journal Websites}} Major General Archie F. Howard died on June 24, 1964, in [Naval Hospital, San Diego](/source/Naval_Hospital%2C_San_Diego), and is buried with his wife at [Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery](/source/Fort_Rosecrans_National_Cemetery). ==Decorations== Here is the ribbon bar of Major General Archie F. Howard: {| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" |colspan="4"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} {{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=World War I Victory Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Marine Corps Expeditionary ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=China Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" |- !1st Row |colspan="7"|[Army Distinguished Service Medal](/source/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)) |colspan="8"|[World War I Victory Medal](/source/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_(United_States)) with [Siberia clasp](/source/medal_bar) |- !2nd Row |colspan="4"|[Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal](/source/Marine_Corps_Expeditionary_Medal) |colspan="4"|[American Defense Service Medal](/source/American_Defense_Service_Medal) |colspan="4"|[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal](/source/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal) with one service star |- !3rd Row |colspan="4"|[American Campaign Medal](/source/American_Campaign_Medal) |colspan="4"|[World War II Victory Medal](/source/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_(United_States)) |colspan="4"|[China Service Medal](/source/China_Service_Medal) |} ==See also== *[6th Marine Division (United States)](/source/6th_Marine_Division_(United_States)) {{S-start}} {{s-mil}} {{Succession box | title=Commanding General, [6th Marine Division](/source/6th_Marine_Division_(United_States)) | before= [Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.](/source/Lemuel_C._Shepherd_Jr.) | years= December 24, 1945 - March 31, 1946 | after= Unit deactivated }} {{Succession box | title=Commanding General, [Marine Corps Base San Diego](/source/Marine_Corps_Base_San_Diego) | before= [Matthew H. Kingman](/source/Matthew_H._Kingman) | years= August 9, 1944 - June 12, 1945 | after= [Earl C. Long](/source/Earl_C._Long) }} {{Succession box | title=Commandant, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico | before= [Philip H. Torrey](/source/Philip_H._Torrey) | years= January 1941 - May 1941 | after= [Samuel M. Harrington](/source/Samuel_M._Harrington) }} {{S-end}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} :{{Marine Corps}} {{Portal bar|Biography}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Howard, Archie F.}} Category:1892 births Category:1964 deaths Category:People from Clay Center, Kansas Category:United States Naval Academy alumni Category:Military personnel from Kansas Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of World War I Category:American military personnel of the Russian Civil War Category:American military personnel of the Banana Wars Category:United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni Category:Naval War College alumni Category:United States Naval Academy faculty Category:United States Marine Corps World War II generals Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Category:United States Marine Corps generals Category:Military personnel from San Diego Category:Military personnel from Coronado, California Category:Burials at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Archie F. Howard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_F._Howard) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_F._Howard?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.